1、,Napoleons Military Career,He was born in Corsica on August 15th, 1769, died on May 5th,1821. He is the most famous French military strategist and statesman. He is very famous because he found the French empire. He is the first French Emperor, Napoleon .,It is the long-term study and accumulation th
2、at created the military talent.,Napoleon got into the military academy when he was ten years old. He was laughed by other students because he was poor, incommunicative and arrogant. But he was very clever and diligent , and graduated with good grades after five years .In 1784, at the age of fifteen,
3、 Napoleon was allowed into the royal military academy for further study . He met other students contempt once again . However, he got rid of bad temper gradually . At the royal military academy, students generally took two or three years to acquire officer qualification, but Napoleon passed the exam
4、 at the end of the first year . It was 1785 when he was 16 years old.After graduating from the academy, Napoleon was sent to Artillery Regiment . In addition to performing official duties, he also studied by himself, especially about the military and political history . In order to improve his memor
5、y, he took the note every time he read books . He always made a research about Alexander, Hannibal and Caesars life seriously. According to his own words, he usually worked for fifteen or sixteen hours a day . On July 10th, 1792, he was sent to the 4th Artillery Regiment and promoted as a captain. N
6、ot until 23 years old did he show a military talent.,War of the first Coalitionthe first showIn February 1793, Britain and some other countries made up the first coalition and occupied the Toulon and Corsica.In mid-september , Napoleon arrived in the Toulon warface and took over the artillery. But h
7、e found that the artillery s strength was very weak . There are nothing here, no artillery ,no ammunition except for some no trained soldiers .,Preparation before the battle,First of all, he tried to collect all kinds of guns. In not long time, he got hundreds of large caliber guns and plenty of amm
8、unition. He often lived with soldiers to influence and inspire them with his practical action and leadership. Soon he won the superior valued and appreciated, and he was promoted to the artillery colonel(炮兵上校).,Combat tactics,During the battle , Napoleon put forward that they should focus the forces
9、 on attacking the small Gibraltar at first . Then they pounded the British fleets anchored on the berth to cut off their connection with other enemies stationed in Toulon . In this way , even if the French only had a little strength, but also could capture Toulon quickly.Napoleons battle plan, bold
10、and innovative , showed his keen insight and rich imagination. Then Napoleon was appointed as Artillery deputy commander (炮兵副指挥) to siege the Toulon.It is the ordinary but great plan that affected and changed the whole process and outcome of the battle greatly .The geographical location with operati
11、onal and tactical significance on the battlefield is very important for both sides . Who first realizes the value of it and acts decisively to seize it, then he can gain the initiative of the war . Apparently , Napoleon did it .,War of the second Coalitionsmash the enemys invasion,The second coaliti
12、on(17991802) was the second attempt by European monarchs, led by Austria and Russia, to contain or eliminate Revolutionary France. And Napoleon Bonaparte led an expedition to Egypt in that time. By the1799, Napoleon had returned from Egypt, leaving his army behind, and took control of the army of Fr
13、ance. In 1800, Napoleon took personal command of the army in Italy, and eventually won a victory at the Battle of Marengo against the Austrian general Michael Melas.Since then, The Treaty of Amiens between France and Britain began the longest break in the war between the two during the French Revolu
14、tionary and Napoleonic periods.,War of the third and fourth CoalitionWar molded the power,War of the third Coalition, spanning from 1803 to 1806, saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, and others by France and its client states under Napoleon I.In May 1803, Britain declared war
15、on France. In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of the French. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, He turned the armies of France against every major European power and dominated continental Europe through a series of military victories.,War of the fourth Coalition ,Napoleon decisively defe
16、ated the Prussians in a fighting campaign that culminated at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt on 14 October 1806. French forces under Napoleon occupied Prussia, pursuing the remnants of the shattered Prussian Army, and captured Berlin on October 25 1806, then moved all the way to East Prussia, Poland an
17、d the Russian frontier, where they fought an inconclusive battle against the Russians at Eylau in February 1807. Napoleons advance on the Russian frontier was briefly checked. Russian forces were crushed by Napoleons army at Friedland on June 14, 1807, and three days later Russia asked for a truce.
18、By the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, France made peace with Russia and received half of Prussias territory, Jerome Bonapartes Kingdom of Westphalia, and the new Duchy of Warsaw. Napoleon was now master of all of western and central continental Europe, except for Spain, Portugal, Austria and sever
19、al smaller countries.,At the Congress of Erfurt (SeptemberOctober 1808) Napoleon and Alexander agreed that Russia should force Sweden to join the Continental System, which led to the Finnish War of 18081809 and to the division of Sweden into two parts separated by the Gulf of Bothnia. The eastern pa
20、rt became the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland. Due to the Continental System, the United Kingdom was yet again still at war with Napoleon and was not affected by the peace treaty.,War of the Fifth CoalitionConquer Europe,The War of the Fifth Coalition, fought in the year 1809, pitted a coalition of t
21、he Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleons French Empire and Bavaria. Major engagements between France and Austria, the main participants, unfolded over much of Central Europe from April to July, with very high casualty rates. Britain, already involved on the European continent in t
22、he ongoing Peninsular War, sent another expedition, the Walcheren Campaign, to the Netherlands in order to relieve the Austrians, although this effort had little impact on the outcome of the conflict. After much campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube valley, the war ended favorably for the Fre
23、nch after the bloody struggle at Wagram in early July.,Thats true. Napoleon has a gift for military. However, he also failed in the war.,War of the Sixth Coalitionbecome feeble and die,French invasion of RussiaIn 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia to compel Emperor Alexander I to remain in the Continental
24、 System. Russia proclaimed a Patriotic War, while Napoleon proclaimed a “Second Polish War“. The Russians avoided Napoleons objective of a decisive engagement and instead retreated deeper into Russia. A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a serie
25、s of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance. Owing to the Russian armys scorched earth tactics, the French found it increasingly difficult to forage food for themselves and their horses.,The Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French dead, wounded or captured, a
26、nd may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time. Although the French had won, the Russian army had accepted, and withstood, the major battle Napoleon had hoped would be decisive. Napoleons own account was: “The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Mosco
27、w. The French showed themselves to be worthy of victory, but the Russians showed themselves worthy of being invincible.“,Following the battle the Russians withdrew, thus opening the road to Moscow. By 14 September the French had occupied Moscow but found the city empty. Alexander I refused to capitu
28、late, leaving the French in the abandoned city of Moscow with little food, shelter and winter approaching. In these circumstances, and with no clear path to victory, Napoleon was forced to withdraw from Moscow. So began the disastrous Great Retreat, during which time the retreating army came under i
29、ncreasing pressure due to lack of food, desertions, and increasingly harsh winter weather, all while under continual attack by the Russian army led by Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Kutuzov, and other militias. The French suffered greatly in the course of a ruinous retreat.,Battle of Leipzig,The Battle
30、of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations was fought by the coalition armies of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden led by the Russian Czar Alexander I against the French army of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, at Leipzig, Saxony.Being decisively defeated for the first time in battle, Napoleon was com
31、pelled to return to France while the Allies hurried to keep their momentum, invading France early the next year. Napoleon was forced to abdicate and was exiled to Elba in May 1814.,War of the Seventh Coalition,Battle of Waterloo,The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, near Waterlo
32、o in Belgium. A French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by the armies of the Seventh Coalition.Upon Napoleons return to power in March 1815, many states that had opposed him formed the Seventh Coalition and began to mobilise armies. Two large forces under Wellington and Bluc
33、her assembled close to the north-eastern border of France. Napoleon chose to attack in the hope of destroying them before they could join in a coordinated invasion of France with other members of the coalition. Waterloo was the decisive engagement of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleons last. Accordi
34、ng to Wellington, the battle was “the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life“.,Napoleon delayed giving battle until noon on 18 June to allow the ground to dry. Wellingtons army, positioned across the Brussels road on the Mont-Saint-Jean escarpment, withstood repeated attacks by the French, unti
35、l, in the evening, the Prussians arrived in force and broke through Napoleons right flank. At that moment, Wellingtons Anglo-allied army counter-attacked and drove the French army in disorder from the field. The defeat at Waterloo ended Napoleons rule as Emperor of the French, and marked the end of his Hundred return from exile. Napoleon abdicated, and was exiled to Saint Helena where he died in 1821.From then, his military career is end!,
