1、English Sentence Types,What is a sentence made up of?,主语(Subject) 谓语(Predicate) 宾语(Object) 表语(Predicative) 定语(Attributive) 状语(Adverbial) 补语(Complement) 同位语(Apposition),I saw that girl singing along the river just now.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,补语,状语,an example,一、主语（subject）：主语是句子的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。可作主语的有：名词、代词、数词
2、、名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语（如动词不定式、动名词、从句等）。如：,All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Its never too late to learn. 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 We like our school very much. 我们很喜欢我们的学校。 “The” is an article. The 是个冠词。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早睡早起，使人富有、聪明、健康。 How to do it well is an import
3、ant question. 如何把它做好是一个重要的问题。,主语,2. 谓语谓语用来说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态，一般由动词或动词短语承担。谓语动词具有各种时态、语态及语气的变化。动词常分为实义动词，系动词,情态动词和助动词.,(1) 动词（单词或短语）作谓语。 (2) 连系动词+表语。 注意情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well. They do become what they are dreaming of.,谓语,3. 宾语 宾语用来表明动作行为或介词所支配的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语常用于及物
4、动词之后。可作宾语的词有：名词、代词（宾格）、动名词、不定式、数词或从句等。,Two tasks: Find the objects of each sentence Divide the nine sentences into two groups according to the types of words that objects follow,宾语,Answers:,First group: 1, 2, 5, 6 1. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. 我们看见了一百多年前被修
5、建的废弃的农场。 2. I havent seen him for a long time. 我好久没有见到他了 5. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature. 我认为这是因为他真的喜欢教中国文学。 6. She refused to accept my gift. 她拒绝接收我的礼物。,动词宾语,Second group: 3,4,7,8 3. He walked to the office. 他朝办公室走去。 4. Dont hide behind others. 不要躲在别人后面。 7. S
6、he is quick at learning languages. 她学语言学得很快。 8. He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。,介词宾语,双宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语), 另一个指物(一般为直接宾语). 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.He gave me a book.,间接宾语,直接宾语,有时为了强调间接宾语, 也可将间接宾语后置, 并在其前加上介词to或for.He gave a b
7、ook to me.He bought this book for me.,(1) 加介词 to 的常见动词有： give bring take hand lend pass tell send show teach write (2) 加介词 for 的常见动词有： find pay sing buy choose find get make fetch,表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。可作表语的有：名词、形容词、代词、分词、动名词、动词不定式、数词、介词短语、副词和从句。,四、 表语：,系动词,表示状态,Add your title,Add you
8、r title,感官动词,变得,be,一直保持,keep， remain，stay,看起来，似乎,seem， appear,look, sound, smell , taste, feel,become, turn , grow, get,go, come,五、 定语:(attribute) 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词。可充当定语的有：形容词、代词、数词、名次、分词、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句等。如：,六、 状语:(adverbial) 状语是用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子的，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式、伴随等情况。可以充当状语的有：副词、形容词短
9、语、名次短语、分词短语、介词短语或从句。如：,七、补语： 补语最常用于复合结构中，对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。修饰对象是名词，对宾语进行补充说明的是宾语补足语，对主语进行解释说明的是主语补足语。,复合结构： 动词+宾语宾补,n,adj.,adv.,介词短语,分词短语与动词不定式,这类常用的及物动词有：make consider cause see find get have let leave watch hear,八、 同位语在一个句子中，一个名词或代词后面有时还跟有另一个名词或代词，或相当于名词的短语或从句，用以说明前者的内容性质和情况，前者和后者的句法功能相同，因此，我们把后者视为前者的
10、同位语。同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。它可以是单词、短语或从句。,Lets get to know the types of a sentence!,由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如：They painted the wall at the end of the year. 他们在年初就粉刷了墙。We start school at 7:50 am. 我们学校早上7：50开始上课。,1. 简单句,由两个或以上的分句组成。如：We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of A
11、ustralia. 我们在悉尼上车，在澳大利亚的中部艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。He is rich but he is unhappy. 他富裕但是他不开心。,2. 并列句,由主句和其他从句组成。如：The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December. 一学年分为两学期，第一学期从9月到12月。Mrs Li just smiles, so that you dont feel completely stupid!李老师只是笑笑，因此你不会感到自己是个大傻瓜。,3
12、. 复合句,简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树干部分。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构,S+V 主语谓语 S+V+P 主语系动词表语 S+V+O 主语谓语宾语 S+V+IO+DO 主语谓语间宾+直宾 S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补,简单句,1. S+V 主谓（不及物动词）,简单句五种基本句型,The sun was shinning. The moon rose. We all breathe, eat and drink. Lucy gets up early every morning. He had slept for a long time
13、 when I came in. His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.,2. S+V+P 主系+表,This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. He fell asleep. His face turned red. The well has gone dry. He is growing tall and strong.,简单句五种基本句型,3. S+V+O 主谓宾,Who knows the answer? He enjoys readi
14、ng. He has refused to help them. He admits that he was wrong.,简单句五种基本句型,4. S+V+ IO + DO 主谓间宾直宾,He brought you a dictionary. I showed him my picture. He gave me a gift. I told him a story. He showed me how to run the machine.,简单句五种基本句型,5. S+V+O +C 主谓宾+宾补,They painted the door green. They appointed him manager. This set him thinking. We saw him out. He asked me to get back soon.,简单句五种基本句型,
