1、,Education,Skimming,Education costs money, but then so does ignorance.,,Education,Skimming,Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955),Contents,Speed Reading,Speed Te
2、chniques,How to SKIM,When to SKIM,What is Skimming,Reading Speed,Speed,2007,2008,2009,2010,150,300,600,800,Speed Reading Factors That Influence Reading Rate,A passage with very long sentences can make reading more difficult and will force you to read more slowly,Understanding becomes difficult or im
3、possible and your reading rate is slow,Complicated ideas or a sophisticated line of reasoning,Text Factors,Sentence Length,Vocab-ulary,Ideas and Concept,Reader Factors,Vocab Level,Comprehension Ability,Background Knowledge,How many words do you determine to learn per day?,Core parts, topic, main ide
4、a and details,Schema.,To Learn,To Know,To Practice,Techniques for Speed Reading,Seeing more than one word in a single eye fixation.,It involves widening your eye span so that you can see several words in one fixation.,What is Phrase Reading,Phrase Reading,Phrase reading is a technique that builds fl
5、uency, aids comprehension, and improves oral reading.,Techniques for Speed Reading,To Read efficiently you should try to get rid of bad reading habits and get into good ones,Studying economics is difficult because it requires careful attention to facts and figures,Group words that naturally go toget
6、her,How to Phrase Read,Group words together into meaningful units,Practice phrase reading persistently,You may find it takes several weeks of continued practice to develop the habit.,Phrase Reading Example,Actually, the common cold is not as simple as it seems. It can be caused by any of 200 differe
7、nt viruses, and it can bring misery in eight ways: sore throat, sneezing, runny nose watery eyes, aches and pains, mild fever, nasal congestion, and coughing.,Key Word Reading,TV News Caption: Airline Hijacking Los Angeles 53 hostages. Four Hijacker. Identity and Purpose Unknown,.Key word reading in
8、volves skipping over nonessential words and reading only those words and phrases which carry the primary or core meaning of each sentence. Key word reading id similar to reading a telegram, the headline in a newspaper, or a news caption which is running across the bottom of a television screen while
9、 a program is in progress.,Example,Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of the careful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material b
10、eing read.,Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of the careful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material being read.,Using Sentenc
11、e Structure,Using Grammatical Structure,Using Typographical Aids,How to locate key words,Rereading,Rereading established the mechanical process of more rapid eye movement and gives you preliminary practice or a “trial run” with reading at a higher reading rate.,1. Select an article read at your norm
12、al speed. Time yourself. 2.Take a break, then reread the material. Push yourself to read faster. Time yourself.,Skimming is the reading style used by flexible readers when their purpose is to quickly obtain a general idea about the reading material. The Skimming style is most useful when you have to
13、 read a large amount of material in a short amount of time. When using the Skimming style, you should identify the main ideas in each paragraph and ignore the details in supportive sentences. Because you are only looking for the main idea in each paragraph you read, a lower level of comprehension is
14、 to be expected than when using the Study Reading style,When to Skim?,How to Skim,Rules: Eyes float down over the content for key words. Pay attention to direction words, too.,Steps: 1. read the title. 2. read the first paragraph completely. 3. Read subheadings and first sentences of remaining parag
15、raphs. 4. Alternately read the body of the material. 5. If the final paragraph appears to be a summary, read it completely.,Demonstration of Skimming,Usually the first paragraph will be read at average speed all the way through. It often contains an introduction or overview of what will be talked ab
16、out.Sometimes, however, the second paragraph contains the introduction or overview. In the first paragraph the author might just be “warming up” or saying sth clever to attract attention. Reading a third paragraph may be unnecessary butthe main idea is usually contained in the opening sentence.topic
17、 sentence.Besides the first sentence the reader should get some but not all the detail from the rest of the paragraphnamesdatesThis tells you nothing hence sometimes the main idea is in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.Some paragraphs merely repeat ideas.Occasionally the main idea cant be f
18、ound in the opening sentence. The whole paragraph must then be read.Then leave out a lot of the next paragraphto make up timeRemember to keep a very fast rate.400w. p. m .Dont be afraid to leave out half or more of each paragraphDont get interested and start to read everything.Lowered comprehension
19、is expected.50%not too low.Skimming practice makes it easier.gain confidence.Perhaps you wont get anything at all from a few paragraphs.dont worry Skimming has many usesreportsnewspaperstextexamThe ending paragraphs might be read more fully as often they contain a summary. Remember that the importan
20、ce of skimming is to get only the authors main idea at a very fast speed.,Pulp Friction,Every second, 1 hectare of the worlds rainforest is destroyed. Thats equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 million hectares - more t
21、han the land area of Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have
22、 been clearcut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to re
23、strict or control it.,Much of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forest
24、s could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.,Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, foo
25、d, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usual
26、ly made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists belie
27、ve that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.,However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is
28、 produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fibre-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson g
29、rew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prison - despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).,In recent years, two major movements f
30、or legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal - both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant - and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is use
31、d by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fibre; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate
32、the plant and sell the fibre for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fibre. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced fr
33、om this new source.,Word Pretest,1. A 2. B. 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10.C 11. C,Reading Skill,4.C 5. B 6. B1. F 2. T. 3. F4. F 5. T 6. T,William Faulkner,The Sound and the Fury As I Lay Dying Light in August Absalom, Absalom!,“Memory believes before knowing remembers. Believes longer than
34、recollects, longer than knowing even wonders.” “Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do. Dont bother just to be better than your contemporaries or predecessors. Try to be better than yourself.” A mule will labor ten years willingly and patiently for you, for the privilege of kicking y
35、ou once.,“If I were reincarnated, Id want to come back a buzzard. Nothing hates him or envies him or wants him or needs him. He is never bothered or in danger, and he can eat anything.” “Read, read, read. Read everything - trash, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter
36、who works as an apprentice and studies the master. Read! Youll absorb it. Then write. If it is good, youll find out. If its not, throw it out the window.”,Vocabulary Building,I. 1.mess 2. preference 3. aimlessly 4 remarkable/marked 5. decisive 6 shipment 7. fiery 8. physically 9 action 10. housing I
37、I. 1. a. aptitude b. attitude2. a. account b. counted c. counted3. a. talent b. intelligence,Cloze,other just/only has some/any than refuse see/know/understand that without if ready/willing/educated/taught wrong/incorrect/erroneous,Section B,1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 1
38、2. A 13. B 14. A,Section C,1. C 2. C 3. D4. D 5. A 6. C,Benjamin Franklin,Well done is better than well said. If you know how to spend less than you get, you have the philosophers stone. At 20 years of age the will reigns; at 30 the wit; and at 40 the judgment. Employ thy time well, if thou meanest
39、to get leisure. He that is of the opinion money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money. He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else. Hide not your talents, they for use were made. Whats a sun-dial in the shade? If you would be wealthy, think of saving as well as getting. You may delay, but time will not. Genius without education is like silver in the mine.,,Thank You !,Add your company slogan,
