1、The Verb -ed,动词的过去分词,1.过去分词/-ed分词与过去分词短语/-ed分词短语的句法功能,-ed分词与-ed分词短语在可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语等句子成分。,2.-ed分词（短语）作定语,-ed分词常被用来做名词的前置定语。及物动词的-ed分词作前置定语通常带有被动含义，而相应的 ing分词作前置定语则有主动含义。,Compare:,eg.a talk,a machine,language,a bird,recorded,recording,spoken,speaking,*不及物 动词的-ed分词也可以作名词修饰语（定语）， 但这种-ed 分词没有被动的含义，只有完
2、成的意义；反之，-ing 分词作名词修饰语/定语则表主动和正在进行的意义。,eg. fallen leaves（完成；无被动）,falling leaves （主动；正在进行）,the sun （完成；无被动）,the sun （主动；正在进行）,a country （完成；无被动）,a country （主动；正在进行）,risen,rising,developed,developing,*-ed分词作定语通常带有其他成分， 这种-ed分词结构/短语相当于一个定语从句，经常与定语从句相互替换着用。,eg. The gases sent into the air by the chemical
3、 works are poison.,(that are),eg.This is the most interesting story ever heard of.,eg.The fish caught yesterday was still alive.,eg.The trees of friendship planted by the foreign visitors are growing well.,(that is),(which was),(which were),3.-ed分词作表语,-ed分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态（心情或感觉），被动和完成的特点不是很明显。,eg. She
4、 looked,eg. Dont get,eg. She seemed quite at the idea.,disappointed.,excited.,delighted,能这样使用的-ed 分词有：,disappointed discouraged frightened astonished interested amused,satisfied surprised crowded pleased puzzled worried,excited unexpected,drunk dressed/undressed,这类词实际上已经变成了形容词，用来表示“感觉。”。,有些-ed分词用作表语
5、时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。,被动结构与-ed分词作表语的结构主要差别是：被动结构表示一个被动的动作或行为，而带表语的结构表示主语的特点或当时所处的状态。,带表语结构的句子：,The book is well written.,带被动结构的句子：,The book was written by a soldier.,He was injured in the leg.,He had been injured twice that year.,带表语结构的句子：,带被动结构的句子：,The library is now closed.,It is usually closed at 6.,Th
6、e ground is covered with snow.,This point has not been covered yet.,4.-ed 分词结构作宾语补语,-ed 分词结构作宾语补语时，-ed分词通常表示被动/完成/被动和完成的意义。,eg. We should make ourselves_ when talking,eg. We found him,gone.,understood,eg. We found her grearly changed.,eg. Please keep us of the last development.,eg. The viewers wish
7、theserial film (to be),informed,accomplished .,要求用-ed分词结构作宾语补语的动词有三类： 感官动词see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/fee 等。 When he arrived home, Tom found his dog killed . 2.使役动词：have/get/let/keep/leave等 Your car works much better now. Have you got/had it repaired? 3.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等：think/consider; wan
8、t/like/wish;declare; order. Do you considered her examined ?,5.-ed分词结构作状语,-ed分词结构作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种-ed的分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句,有时候也可以改成省略结构。,如表示原因：,Greatly surprised, he couldnt say a word.,Scolded by the teacher, the girl felt unfair.,(As he was),(Because she was),表示时间：,completed, the canal will
9、connect the river with the lake.,Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.,(When it is),(When it is),表示条件：,Coated with sugar, bananas will taste better.,Given more time, I would have done much better.,(If they are),(If I had been),表示让步：,Even if invited, I wouldnt go.,Though defeated again and again, they went on fighting.,(I were),(they were),表示伴随状况：,He stared at me, astonished.,Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.,(and he was),(and he was),
