1、1)主语从句It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is well-known that It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent thatIt goes without saying that It is universally acknowledged that It is / that 1.D)2.B)3.A)4.C)5.C)6.A )7.D)8.artificial intelligence9.weapons10.religion2) 宾( 表)语
2、从句We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3) 定语从句 (限定性和非限定性)As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ describedin the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table,There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.It is estimat
3、ed that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste. 4) 状语从句 (时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等 )When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use
4、of computers. 5) 分词短语做定语或状语Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6) 倒装句Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot s
5、pots. 7) 被动句Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.Many people believe that(It is believed that) 8) 设问句Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? 9) 比较 1.The advantages far outweigh th
6、e disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else
7、, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is
8、true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .10) 原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this p
9、roblem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .8. One of the most common
10、 factors (causes ) is that .9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .10. Perhaps the primary factor is that 11. But the fundamental cause is that .11)结果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequenc
11、e can be so great that.12) 批驳1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that.5) A close examination woul
12、d reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for .7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to .8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .13) 举例1) A good case in point is .2) As an illustration, we may ta
13、ke .3) Such examples might be given easily.4) .is often cited as an example.14) 证明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4) Recent studies indicate that .5) There is sufficient evidence to show that .6) According
14、 to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .15) 开篇1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing c
15、oncern over .6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8) According to a recent survey, .9) With the rapid development of ., .16) 结尾1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2) It is high time that strict
16、 measures were taken to stop .3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4) In conclusion, it is imperative that .5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more pr
17、oblems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to .10) Taking all these into account, we .11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/cle
18、ar.例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候 十六、Those who （.的人.） 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、There is no one but （没有人不. ） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。
19、 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不. ） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的） It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的） 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays
20、an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why （那就是. 的原因） 例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past51Test+ 时间，S + 现在完成式.（过去. 年来，.一直. ） 例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过
21、去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to + V （.是值得的。 ） 例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on （以.为基础） 例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no ef
22、fort to + V （不遗余力的） 例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让. 明白.事） 例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 二十七、be closely related to （与.息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health 做运动与健康息息
23、相关。 二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V （养成.的习惯） We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, （因为. ） 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V! = How +
24、Adj + a + N + V!（多么.！） 例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事！ 三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。 三十二、Have a great influence on （对. 有很大的影响） 例句：Smokin
25、g has a great influence on our health. 三十三、do good to （对.有益） ，do harm to （对.有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。 三十四、Pose a great threat to （对. 造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do
26、 ones best （尽全力去.） 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。1. 比较结构：Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.In 1998 we produced as many computers as we did in the previous years.People now enjoy a better life than before.The harder you work at English, the gr
27、eater progress you will make.I prefer to work rather than to sit idly.I prefer staying at home to going shopping on Sundays.The population is rising while the natural resources are declining.2. 关于利弊、优缺点的句型A has a lot of advantages over B.Compared with B, A has many advantages.be of benefit to sb./ s
28、th. benefit sb./ sth. benefit from sth.do a lot of good to be good for do damage to do harm tobe as good as; be not so good asnot so muchas3. 说明原因的句型There are two (some, many)good reasons for sth./ to do sth.Many factors may contribute to / account for this problems.We have two good reasons forThe r
29、eason for is thatThe reason for lies in many aspects.4. 表示不同看法的句型Different people have (hold ) different views/ opinions on this question/ problem/ matter/ issue. Some believe that Others argue that Still others maintain thatPeoples opinions onvary from person to person.They are quite different from
30、 each other in their opinions.They think quite differently on this question.5. 表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事Its important (necessary, urgent, desirable) for sb. to do sth.Its high time that we did sth. (注意 that 引导的从句要用虚拟语气，动词用过去式)have trouble / difficulty/ problem (in) doing sth. have trouble with sth.6. 表示因果关系The
31、 cause of / reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.Because / As / Now that / Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher.An increase in demand causes / results in / lead to / produces higher prices.The demand has increased. Therefore, / As a result, / For this reason, / Consequ
32、ently, the prices are higher.If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise / go up / boost / will be higher.7. 辩论中常用的句型There is no doubt thatIt is obvious apparent that/ It should be noted that/ it shouldnt be ignored thatIt is true that but it doesnt mean thatAs is known to all that/ it goes
33、without saying that / No wonder that.Whats more important, / Im convinced that8. 举例For example/ For instance / Lets have an exampleA case in point is thatAnother good example is that9. 谚语As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides.As a proverb says, everything has two sides. On the one hand,
34、On the other hand, So we should look at the matter from different aspects.As is known to all, no pains, no gains.10. 强调句型Only in this way, can we do it well.It was not until then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上What will the world be like in fift
35、y years?This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056,fron gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the worlds finest minds believe our futures will be.For those of us lucky enough to live that
36、 long,2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself.The prediction is that we will
37、 have found a source of inexbaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice.Will we really, as todays scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at lea
38、st cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150?Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that w
39、ere made 50 year ago.”Living longerAnthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow
40、the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells.Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce“unlimited supplies” of transplantable human organs without the needed a new organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commerc
41、ial organ producer, give him the patients immuno-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type.These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and alloweing them to deveoop into and organ in place of the animals own.
42、 But Prof. Lahn believes that farmed brains would be “off limits”.He says: “Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone elses and we probably dont want to put a human brain ing an animal body.”Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could d
43、evelop“an thentic anti-ageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger animals such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:“Its is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the fi
44、rst class of 100-year-olds who are as vigorous and productive as todays people in their 60s”AliensConlin Pillinger ,professor of planerary sciences at the Open University,says:”I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life didi start to evolve on Mars well as Earth.”Within 50years he hopes
45、 scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites(陨石).Chris McKay,a planetary scientist at NASAs Ames Research Center.believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forst of Mars or on other planers.He adds:”There is even a chance we will find
46、alien life forms here on Earth.It mightbe as different as English is to Chinese.Priceton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “likely” that life form outer space will be discovered defore 2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing,are improving.He ays
47、:”As soon as the first evidence is found,we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the unive
48、rse.Colonies in spaceRichard Gottprofessor of astrophysics at Princeton,hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars,which would be a “life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes,natural or otherwise,might occur on Earth.“The real space race is whether we will colonise off Earth on
49、 to other worlds before money for the space programme runs out.”Spinal injuriesEllen Heber-Katz,a professor at the Wistar Institude in Philadelphia,foresees cures for inijuries causing paralysis such as the one that afflicated Superman star Christopher Reeve.She says:”I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to profescribe drugs that cause severes(断裂的) spinal cords to heal,hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow.“People will come to expect that injured or di
