1、(十三)主谓一致和倒装句主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一， 经常出现在近几年的中考 试卷中。考 查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原 则，其中 语法一致原则和就近一致原 则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。预计 2016 年主要考查主谓一致的基本用法，there be 句型是考查的重点；倒装句主要考查 so 与 neither 引导的倒装句。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即 语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保
2、持一致，即主语是单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单 复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主 语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词 的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。语法一致原则使用情况 例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语) 、动 名词( 短语)、从句 ”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our
3、duty.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语 ，谓语动词用复数形式。The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.and 连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词 用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即 and 后面的名词前面没有冠词) ，则谓语动词要用单数形式。Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.T
4、he writer and teacher is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.bothand连 接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves 等) 作主 语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Jacks glasses are broken.Lindas shoes are black and blue.“a number of 复数名词”作主语， 谓语动词用
5、复数形式；“the number of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.不定代词 another，each one，either，neither，the other，somebody，someone，something，nobody，everybody，everyone，everything，nothing，anybody，anything，anyone，no one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形
6、式。Is everyone here?Something is wrong with my computer.I called you last night，but nobody was in.主语后面跟 with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as 等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher，t
7、ogether with some students，is standing at the gate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量 ”的短语如“a kind (sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名 词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.“分数或百分数 名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，pl
8、enty of，most of 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.1what 从句作主 语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义， 则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：What we need is time.我们需要的是 时间。What she needs are good books.她需
9、要的是一些好书。2and 连接并列主 语，若前面有 each，every，many a，no 等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。( )1.(2015哈尔滨)Doing eye exercises _ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.Ais Bare Cwere( )2.(2015安顺)Mary with her parents often _ for a walk in the park after supper.Ago
10、Bis going Care going Dgoes( )3.(2015泰安)Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere( )4.(2015重庆 B 卷)How many people are there in your group?Four. Three boys _ in our group.Ais Bare Cwere Dwas( )5.(2015益阳)How many women doctors are there in your hospital?_ them _
11、 over twenty.AA number of；are B The number of；are CThe number of；is意义一致原则使用情况 例句有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，government，class，staff，public 等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集His family isnt large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。有些集合名词如people，police，cat
12、tle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，physics，politics，maths 等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示 单数，因此 谓语动词用单数形式。The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really difficult for me.“the 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic.某些代词或短语如 half(of)，plenty (of)，the rest(of)，(a)pa
13、rt(of)等作主语时， 谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常 视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.1某些以s 结尾的地理名称，如果是
14、国名，如 the United States，the Netherlands 等， 谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。2none 如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名 词连 用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none 如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单
15、 数。如：None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3“all/most/half/the rest of名词”作主语， 谓语动词与 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次 电视。( )6.(2015宜宾)T
16、hree million _ a large number.You can make it _.Aare ；small Bis；smaller Cis ；small Dare；smaller( )7.(2015绵阳)For kids of this age，two hours of sitting in a classroom _ too long.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere( )8.(2014广东)Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes. Another ten days _ enough.Ais Bwas Care Dwer
17、e( )9.(2014宜宾)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.Aam carrying Bis carrying Care carrying Dare carried( )10.(2013广安)Maths _ my favorite subject. What about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.Ais；is Bare ；are Care；is就近一致原则使用情况 例句由or，eitheror，nor，neithernor，whetheror，notbut，
18、not onlybut also等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词 必须和与它相邻的主语保持一致。Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.here/there be 句型中句子的主语在 be 之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Here are some books and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.( )11.(2015安顺)What would you like to
19、have for supper?Either noodles or rice _OK.I dont mind.Aare Bwere Cis Dwas( )12.(2015呼和浩特)Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _ take a vacation next week.Awere going to Bis going to Cwas going to Dare going to( )13.(2015新疆)There _ some milk and apples in the fridge.Ahas Bhave Cis Dare( )14.(2015
20、广东)_ there any living things on other planets?I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.AIs BAre CHas DHave( )15.(2014广安)Neither Tony nor I _ interested in playing Weibo.You are out.Aam Bis Care倒装句结构 例句so助动词/情 态动词/be 动词 主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”)Tom has ever been to China.汤姆曾经到过中国。S
21、o has Mike.迈克也去过。neither助动词/情态动词/be 动词主语( 主语不是同一个人，表否定)Li Ping wasnt late for school this morning.李平今天早上上学没有迟到。Neither was Tom.汤姆也没有。so主语助动词/情态动词 /be 动词(主语是同一个人，意 为“的确如此”)He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。So he did.的确如此。Here/There谓语动词名词主语Here/There代词主语谓语动词Here
22、comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Here it is.它在这里。( )16.(2015恩施)I dont understand the story in the new unit.What about you，Bob?_.ANeither I do BNeither do I CSo do I( )17.(2015安顺)They go to school early in the morning._.ASo do Tom BSo Tom do CSo does Tom DSo Tom does( )18.(2015无锡)What language is that guy speaki
23、ng？ I can hardly catch a single word!_.Hes from India，so I guess it is Hindi.ANeither I can BNeither can I CSo I can DSo can I( )19.(2015泰安)Taian is really a comfortable city to live in._，and its worldfamous for Mount Tai.ASo it is BSo is it CSo it does DSo does it( )20.(2015邵阳)Mr.Black goes to work
24、 by car every day._.ASo does Mr.Green BSo Mr.Green does CSo is Mr.Green( )1.One of my friends _ moved to America. I miss her so much.Ahas Bhave Cis Dare( )2.This is my twin sister，Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good at drawing.Ais Bam Care Dbe( )3.Ten minutes ago，there _ an eraser，a pen and some bo
25、oks on the desk.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere( )4.Linda，with her parents，_ the Wolf Hill，and they will be back this afternoon.Ahave gone to Bhas been to Chave been to Dhas gone to( )5.Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes. Another ten days _ enough.Ais Bwas Care Dhas( )6.The population of the world _
26、 still _ now.Ahas；grown Bwill；grow Cis ；grown Dis；growing( )7.As the saying goes，no news _ good news.Ais Bare Chas Dhave( )8.Most of the boys who are good at playing basketball _ in good health.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere( )9.Have you got any water to drink?Here you are. There_ still some in the bottle.Aare
27、 Bhas Cis Dhave( )10.Cindy together with her parents often _ to the movies on weekends.Ago Bgoes Chas gone Dhave gone( )11.Which would you like ，tea or coffee?Either_ OK，but I prefer coffee _ tea.Ais；to Bare；with Cis ；with Dare；to( )12.The whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.Ais all Ball
28、 is Call are Dare all( )13.How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars_ enough.Abe Bis Care Dam( )14.Physics _ more difficult than math，do you think so?Yes， I think so.Ais Bare Chas Dhave( )15.Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually，I come from Shanxi.Athinks Bdont think Cth
29、ink Ddoesnt think( )16.I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike?_.ASo has he BSo he has CNeither he does DNeither has he( )17.Climbing hills _ of great help to our health.Awas Bwere Cis Dare( )18. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice.Ahave gone Bhave been Chas gone Dhas been( )19. Nei
30、ther my father nor my mother _ rock music. They think its too _.Alikes；noisy Blikes；noise Clike；noisy Dlike；noise( )20._ of the land in this district _ covered with trees and grass.ATwo fifths ；are BTwo fifth；are CTwo fifth；is DTwo fifths；is( )21.Something _ gone wrong with my TV set.Ahas Bhave Cis
31、Dare( )22.Talking aloud on a mobile phone _ impolite.Aare Bseem Cis Dlook( )23.Everyone except Bill and Jim _ there when the meeting began.Awas Bis Care Dwere( )24.Half of the students _ made the suggestions.Ahas Bhave Cis Dare( )25.There _ a card on the teachers desk five minutes ago，but now it is gone.Ahave Bis Cwas Dhas参考答案(十三) 主谓一致和倒装句题组训练15 ADCBC 610 BAACA 1115 CDCBA 1620 BCBAA整合集训15 ABCDA 610 DABCB 1115 ADBAA 1620 DCDAD 2125 ACABC
