1、人教版七年级英语上册重点短语总汇,语法总结2009-03-10 23:32二、句型 (1)-What+be+主语+doing? .正在做什么? -主语be+doing。 正在做某事。 例: what are you doing? -Im doing my homework. (2)-Thanks for 为。而感谢 例:Thanks for your letter. (3)-Here are/is 例:Here are some of my photos. Here is a photo of my family. (4)-That sounds good. (5)-This TV show
2、is boring. 三、日常交际用语 (1)-Do you want to go to the movices? Sure. (2)-When do you want to go? Lets go at seven. (3)-Where do people play basketball? At school. (4)-Whats he waiting for?-Hes waiting for a bus. (5)-Whats he reading? Hes reading a newspaper. 1)现在在进行时的形式是: 助动词 be(am,is,are)+动词-ing 形式(也叫现在
3、分词),表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 2)现在进行时的肯定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 Im watching TV. 3)现在进行时的否定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 They are not playing soccer. 4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答: Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他? Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isnt/arent/am not. Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not. 5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句
4、形式: 特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例:What is your brother doing? 6) 动词+ing 形式(现在分词)的构成. 1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing. 如: eat-eating, dodoing,cleancleaning, playplaying, 2以不发音的元音字母 e结尾的动词,先去掉 e再加-ing. 如:take-taking,writewriting,have-having comecoming.dance-dancing 3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing. 如:runru
5、ning,sitsitting ,swimswimming. Shopshopping.putputting,sitsitting Unit 6 Its raning! 一、词组 Around The World 世界各地 On vacation 度假 Take photos 拍照 On the beach 在海边 a group of people 一群人 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 be surprised 惊讶的 be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 in this heat 在酷暑中 be relaxed 放松 have a
6、good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里 Thank sb for(doing)sth由于(做)某事而感谢某人 Hows it going? 近况如何 Someothers一些另一些 Look like看起来像。 二、句型日常交际用语 (1)-Hows the weather(+地点)? Its raining? (2)-Whats the weather like?Its sunny./Its cold and snowing. (3)-Hows it going? Great./Not bad. (4)Thanks you f
7、or joining CCTVs Around The World show? (5)-Is Aunt Wang there? Yes,she is/No,she isnt Unit 7 What dose he look like? 一、词组 look like 看起来像 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷短直发 medium height/build 中等高度身体 a little bit 一点儿 a pop singer 一位流行歌手 play的用法。 wear glasses 戴眼镜 have a new look 呈现新面貌 go shopping 去
8、购物 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长 Nobody knows me 没有人认识我 二、句型 1) -What does he look like? -Hes really short.He has short hair. 2) -She has beautiful,long black hair. 3) -I dont think hes so great . 4) -What do you look like? Im tall.Im thin. 5) -What do they look like?- -They are medium he
9、ight. 6) -She never stops talking. -Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事. 如:He stop listening -stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事 如:He stops to listen. 7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me. Unit 8 Id like some noodles. 1.词组 would like 想要 a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 p
10、hone number 电话号码 as well as 而且 what kind of 表示.的种类 a kind of 一种 some kind of 许多种 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁 three oranges 三个桔子(可数) a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数) some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数) three chickens 三只小鸡(可数) 二句型 1)What kind of would you like? 你想要? EG:-What kind of noodles w
11、ould you like? -Beef and tomato noodles. please. 2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls. 3)I like dumplings,I dont lkee noodles. 三日常交际用语 (1)Can I help you? -Id like some noodles.please. (2)-what kind of noodles would you like? -Id like mutton and potato noodles. Please. ( 3)Would you like a cup fo g
12、reen tea? -Yes,please./No,thanks would like后面还可以跟不定式.即: A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事. He would like to see you today. B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do. Unit 9 How was your weekend? 一、词组 do ones homework 做某人的家庭作业 如:do my homework 做我的家庭作业 play +运动或棋类 如:play soccer 踢足球 pla
13、y chess 下棋 play +乐器 如:play the guitar 弹吉他 go to the movies 去看电影 do some reading 阅读 study for the (math) test 准备(数学)考试 stay at home 呆家里 go to summer camp 去夏令营 go to the mountains 去爬山 visit sb 拜访某人 go shopping 去购物 last month 上个月 three days ago 三天前 yesterday 昨天 look for 寻找 go for a walk 散步 in the morni
14、ng/afternoon/evening 在早上在下午在晚上 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 It was time to do sth 该。的时候了 二、句型 (1)I visited my aunt last weekend. (2)- How was your weekend? -It was great./OK (3)It was time to go home. 三、日常交际用语 (1)What did you do last weekend? -On Saturday morning,I played teenis. (2)How was your weeken
15、d? -It was great.I went to the brach. 一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词 be的过去式 was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化. 过去式的构成 (1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如: staystayed helphelped visit-visited (2) 词尾是 e的动词加-d. 如:likeliked livelived (3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如: stopstopped planplanned (4) 以辅音字母+y 结
16、尾的动词,要将 y改为 i再加-ed.如: studystudied worryworried (5) 不规则动词的过去 am/iswas arewere have-had gowent findfound dodid see-saw Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation? 一、词组 ptetty good 相当好;不错 in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有点无聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高兴 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假 Central Park 中央公园 the Great
17、Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tianan Men Square 天安门广场 二、句型 (1)Where did you go on vacation? -I went to the breach. (2)How was the weather? -It was hot and humid. (3)-It was kind of boring (4)That made me feel very happy. (5)-We had great fun playing in the water. -have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”,“
18、做某事很有趣” (6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy. help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事(to 可省) make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事 let sb.do.sth. Let me help you carry(搬动) it. (7)I found a small boy crying in the conner. find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。 find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事(整个过程) Unit 11 What do you think
19、 of game shows? 一、词组 talk show 谈话节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 sports show 体育节目 game show 比赛节目 think of 认为 how about 怎么样?what about in fact 事实上 a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩 The boy is thirteen years old talk to(with) 跟 谈话 thanks for 为感谢 each student 每个学生 key ring 钥匙链 baseball cap 棒球帽 the school magazine 校刊
20、cant stand 不能忍受 dont mind 不介意无所谓不在乎 二、句型 (1)What do you think of situation comedy? - I love them (2)I asked students about fashion. (3)This is what I think. (4)-I dont mind what young people think of me! (5)Can you please put my letter in next months magazine? 三、日常交际用语 (1)What do you think of suop o
21、peras? - I love them/I dont mind them/I cant stand them/I dont like. (2)How about you? -I do.too. (3)-What do you think of ? -=How do you like? 如:What do you think of the picture? =How do you like the picture? Unit 12 Dont eat in class. 一、词组 school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 in the hallways
22、 在过道 listen to music 听音乐 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课 after school 放学后 have to do 不得不做 too many 太多 get up 起床 by ten oclock 十点之前 make dinner 做饭 the childrens palace 少年宫 二、句型 (1)Dont arrive late for class. (2)We cant listen to music in the hallways,but
23、 we can listen to it outside. (3)What else do you have to do? - We have to clean the classroom. (4)-Can we wear hats in school? -Yes,we can/ No,we cant. (5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school? -Yes,we do /No,we dont. 重难点精析 祈使句 通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语 you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。 1)Be型(即系动词原型
24、 be+表语其他)。 如:Be quiet,please. 否定句 Dont + be+表语+其他。 如:Dont be angry. 2)Do型(即系动词原形宾语其他)。如: Open you books,please. 否定句 Dont +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。 如:Dont eat in the classroom. 3)Let型(即 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)如: Let me help you. Lets go at six oclock. 否定句一般在宾语后加 not。如: Let not watch TV. 4)No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为
25、“禁止做某事“)如: No smoking! 严禁吸烟! No talking! 不许交谈! No passing! 禁止通行! No parking! 不许停车三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为“的“。一般有以下几种形式: (1). 一般情况下在词尾加“s“。例如: Kates father Kate的爸爸 my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友 (2). 如果复数名词以 s结尾,只加“。例如: Teachers Day 教师节 The boys game 男孩们的游戏 (3). 如果复数名词不以 s结尾,仍加“s“。例如:
26、 Childrens Day 儿童节 Womens Day 妇女节 (4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lilys room Lucy 和 Lily的房间 Kate and Jims father Kate 和 Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加“s“,而常常用介词 of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使
27、句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加 please 。在句尾时,please 前多用逗号。 (1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用 dont于句首。 Dont look at your books. 不要看书。 Dont play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个“存在“句型,表示“有“的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There
28、be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定,看 be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be 动词形式为 is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be 动词为 are;当 be动词后接两个以上主语时,be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物“。如: There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)there be 的否定句,即在 be的后面加上
29、not。 否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There arent any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be 句型的疑问句就是将 be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isnt / arent. -Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗? -Yes, there is. 有。 -A
30、re there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗? -No, there arent. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?“某地有多少人或物?“回答用 There be . . . Theres one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生? -Theres only one. / There are n
31、ine. 只有一个。/有九个。 (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物? 七年级英语语法易错知识点分类例析2008-11-06 07:10英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。 第一类 名词类1. 这些女老师们在干什么?误 What are the w
32、oman teachers doing?正 What are the women teachers doing?析 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当 man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式 men, women. 2. 房间里有多少人?误 How many peoples are there in the room?正 How many people are there in the room?析 people 作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。误 I want t
33、o buy two bottle of milk for my son. 正 I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.析 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an 或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于 1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式第二类 动词类4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?误 What time does your sister usually goes to school?正 What time does your sister usually go to school?析 借助助动词 do(或
34、does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。误 Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.正 Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV. 析 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和 often, usually, sometimes 等时
35、间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由 be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。6. 这双鞋是红色的。误 This pair of shoes are red. 正 This pair of shoes is red. 析 在 shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用 pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由 pair的单复数形式来决定。第三类 代词类7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。误 This is hers tick
36、et. Its not my.正 This is her ticket. Its not mine. 析 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。8. 吴老师教我们英语。误 Miss Wu teaches our English. 正 Miss Wu teaches us English. 析 teach sb. sth中的 sb.作 teach的宾语,因此当 sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。第四类 介词类9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?误 Can you find the answer of this questi
37、on?正 Can you find the answer to this question?析 英语中用“the answer to ”表示“的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。误 Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening. 正 Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening. 析 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用 in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用 on. 11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女
38、儿。误 That little girl on a red skirt is our teachers daughter.正 That little girl in a red skirt is our teachers daughter. 析 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用 in,其他介词没有此用法。第五类 副词类12. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?误 Lily, why dont you go to home?正 Lily, why dont you go home?析 co me, go 等后接 here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加 to。第六类 连词类13. 我
39、喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。误 I like Chinese and English, but I dont like P.E. and history.正 I like Chinese and English, but I dont like P.E. or history. 析 在肯定句中并列成分之间用 and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用 or。第七类 冠词类14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。误 It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.正 It takes the Smiths an hou
40、r to go to Beijing by plane. 析 1.表示“一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour;3.用介词 by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。第八类 句法类15. 你不是学生吗? 不,我是学生。误 Arent you a student? No, I am. 正 Arent you a student? Yes, I am. 析 对否定疑问句的回答是用 Yes还是用 No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用 Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用 No表
41、“是的”。2. 房间里有多少人?误 How many peoples are there in the room?正 How many people are there in the room?析 people 作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形一. 词汇 单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in 表示“在中“, “在 内“。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示“在 上“ 。例如:
42、on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under 表示“在下“。例如: under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind 表示 “在后面“。例如: behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near 表示“ 在附近“。例如: near the teachers desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at 表示 “在处“。例如: at school 在学校
43、 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示 “的“。例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即 a 和 an。a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如 a book; an 用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如 an apple. a 或 an 与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 Its an E
44、nglish book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the 既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Whos the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? - What can you see in the classroom? - I can see a bag. - Wheres the bag? - Its on the desk. - 你能在教室里看到什么呀? - 我能看见一个书包。 - 书包在哪呀? - 在桌子上。 3.some 和 any
45、在肯定句中用 some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好书。 在疑问句和否定句中用 any。例如: Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isnt any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 记住它们的特殊用法。 some 亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。
46、例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? any 也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何的“ 。例如: Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和 any 的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family family 看作为一个整体时,意思是“ 家庭“,后面的谓语动词 be 用单数形式 is ;如把family 看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词 be 应用 are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family
47、 are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family 强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。 home 指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house 指“家“ 、“房屋“,侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isnt at home now. 他现在不在家。 Its a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little 的用法 a little dog 一只小狗, a little b
48、oy 一个小男孩。little 常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但 little 还可表示否定意义,意为“少的“,加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teachers desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think its Li Lei.