1、,第十三讲代词,专题一语法知识,栏目索引,考点1none,nothing,no one的区别,考点2none,neither,all,both,either,any的区别,考点3one,it,that,those的区别,考点4it的用法,考点5another,(the) other,(the) others的区别,考点6复合不定代词,解题方法,方法1明确指代法方法2理清逻辑法,强化练(十三),解析句意为:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。nothing什么都没有,没有东西;no one指人,故选项B错误;neither两者都不,语意不符;none既可指人,也可指物,故此题
2、选D。,Niki is always full of ideas,but _ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川,10)A.nothing B.no oneC.neither D.none,考点1none,nothing,no one的区别,答案,解析,考点归纳,1.none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语,而nothing,no one不可。None of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。,2.none回答How many.或How much.的问题,而no one (nobody)和not
3、hing则分别用来回答Who.和What.的问题。How many students in your class went to the lecture?None.你们班有多少学生去听报告了?一个也没有。Who did you see enter the lonely house?Nobody.你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间?没看见一个人。,3.none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody)和nothing没有这种作用。He has a brother,but I have none.他有一个兄弟,而我一个也没有。,1.The research group produced tw
4、o reports based on the survey,but _contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建,21)A.all B.noneC.either D.neither,解析句意为:这个研究组发布了以这个调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示“两者都不”,所以用neither。,答案,解析,1,2,考点2none,neither,all,both,either,any的区别,2.When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?_.Ill b
5、e in all day.(2014江西,32)A.Any B.NoneC.Neither D.Either,解析句意为:我什么时候打电话过来,早晨还是下午?都可以,我一直都在。根据句意可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。A、B两项通常都表示三者或三者以上的情况;neither表示两者都不;either表两者中选择其一。故D项符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.none表示三者或三者以上都不;neither表示两者都不。2.all表示三者或三者以上都;both表示两者都。3.any表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个;either表示两者中的任何一个。,1.In many ways,t
6、he education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.(2016浙江,3)A.that B.thisC.one D.it,考点3one,it,that,those的区别,解析句意为:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。this这个;one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个;it指代上文提到过的同一事物。根据语境可知应选A项。,答案,解析,1,2,2.The quality of education in this small
7、 school is better than _ in some larger schools.(2015天津,2)A.that B.oneC.it D.this,解析句意为:这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时,指代前面的the quality of education要用that。one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于“a/an名词”;that为特指,相当于“the名词”。one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a/an/some/any;that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the/this/that。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1
8、.it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的“一个”,onea/an名词,它可以用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones。I cant find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗?I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车,可我没钱买。,2.thatthe名词,它既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,它所代替的也是同类事物。His behavior was not that of gentleman.他的行为不是正人君子的行为。3.those替代上文中提到的复数名
9、词,既可指人,也可指物,those指人时,后须跟定语。Those who break the law will be punished.那些违反法律的人会受到惩罚。,1.How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?(2015浙江,12)A.them B.one C.those D.it,考点4it的用法,解析句意为:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求
10、你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想?固定表达how would you like it if.,在此结构中it代替后面if从句的内容。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2.Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.(2014大纲全国,25)A.He B.It C.This D.That,解析句意为:谁在门口?是送奶员。由语境可知,此处指“不知道性别的某个人”,要用it表示,故B项正确。this与that均为指示代词,但是没有此用法。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,3.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a
11、 new life for herself.(2014山东,4)A.that B.this C.it D.her,解析根据句意和句子结构可知从句“她想为自己创造新生活”是make的真正宾语,故空格处应填入形式宾语it。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014浙江,3)A.each B.it C.this D.one,解析句意为:去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米,
12、使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知,空格处替代前面提到的last year,为同名同物的指代,用it。each每一;this这个;one一个,泛指“同类当中的一个”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,考点归纳,1.it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。Its no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。2.注意下列句型中的it(1)It is时间段since.自从以来多久了(2)It was时间段before过去时 多久以后才(3)It will be时间段before一般现在时 多久之后才能(4)It wont be long b
13、efore.不久就,(5)It is/was被强调部分that.(6)It is (high) time thatshould do/一般过去时 到了的时候了(7)It be (just) like sb.to do.像某人做某事的风格(8)It bethe序数词timethat.这是某人第几次做(9)I dislike it when.我讨厌,1.To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _.(2015陕西,13)A.another B.the otherC.other
14、D.either,考点5another,(the) other,(the) others的区别,解析句意为:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“两者中的一个另一个”用one.the other.。,答案,解析,1,2,2.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in_,knives and forks.(2014福建,21)A.another B.othersC.both D.all,解析句意为:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,然而在另一些国家,人们用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法,
15、意为“一些另一些”,故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。Ill come again some other day.我改日再来。2.another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,所修饰名词前不加冠词。I dont want this one.Please give me another.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。,3.the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。She has two children.One is a boy;the other is a girl.她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个
16、是女孩。4.others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。Some say yes,and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对。5.the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。There are fifty-five students in our class.Thirty of us are girls;the others are boys.我们班有五十五个学生,三十个是女生,其余的是男生。,1.The meeting will be held in September,but _ knows the date for sure.(2015重庆,2)A.ever
17、ybody B.nobodyC.anybody D.somebody,解析句意为:会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期。句中的 but表转折,根据句意可知应选nobody。,考点6复合不定代词,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,2.I think Mrs Stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.(2014大纲全国,28)A.anywhere B.anybodyC.anyhow D.anything,解析句意为:我认为斯塔克夫人可能在50到60岁之间。anywhere在任何地方;anybody任何人;anyhow不管怎样,无论如何;anyt
18、hing任何事情。实际上本题中含有固定搭配anywhere between.and.,意为“数目在之间,大约”,该固定搭配也可用anywhere from.to.表示。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,3.Good families are much to all their members,but _ to none.(2014江苏,34)A.something B.anythingC.everything D.nothing,解析句意为:优秀的家庭对她的成员来说意味着很多,但绝不是全部。everything to none为部分否定,相当于Good families are not eve
19、rything to any one of their members.。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,4.You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014安徽,24)A.One B.No oneC.Everyone D.Someone,解析句意为:你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。由前半句设置的情景可知,所填词应为everyone。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5.A smile costs _,but gives much.(2014重庆,1)A.anything B.so
20、methingC.nothing D.everything,解析句意为:微笑是无需付出任何成本的,但是却给予很多。cost nothing意为“无需付出”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,考点归纳,some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示希望得到肯定回答。any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何”之意。由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以互换使用。,方法1明确指代法在解答代词类题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体来说应从以下几方面考
21、虑:(1)代词指代的是人还是物;(2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念;(4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上;(5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。,解题方法,典例1The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.A.that B.thisC.it D.one,解析句意为:西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。首先将此句改为:The cost of renting a house in centra
22、l Xian is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.,然后考虑用that代替特指的不可数名词the cost。,答案,解析,典例2The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country.A.so B.muchC.that D.it,解析句意为:她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语,difficu
23、lt是宾语补足语,此处要用it作形式宾语,其他词没有这种用法。,答案,解析,方法2理清逻辑法理清逻辑法主要是通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系来做出正确判断。具体来说应从以下方面去考虑:(1)代词所表示的范围;(2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。,典例1If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on _.A.themselves B.themC.us D.ourselves,解析句意为:如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做了所有的一切,我们就学不会独立。由句意和句中的we可排除A、B两项;空格处用反身代词
24、作宾语与主语保持一致。,答案,解析,典例2You are a team star!Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A.both B.eitherC.others D.the other,解析句意为:你是一个有团队精神的人,与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人;both两者都;either(两者之中)任一的;the other两者中的另外一个。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。,答案,解析,强化练(十三),1.You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this
25、 kind left here.I wonder if you would buy _.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模,8)A.one B.itC.some D.any,解析句意为:你穿这件连衣裙很漂亮,这种裙子只剩下这一件了。我不知道你是否会买它。此处特指上句中提到的那件连衣裙,故用it。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.What do you think of the two designs?Frankly,I like _ of them.Please show me a third one.(201
26、7北京海淀区一模,21)A.any B.eitherC.neither D.both,解析句意为:你觉得这两种设计怎么样?说实话,两个我都不喜欢。请给我看看其他的吧。由答语中show me a third one可知,对两种设计都不满意,故选neither(两者都不)。any三者或三者以上中任何一个;either两者中的任何一个;both两者都。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.How could they reach an agreement?Some said one thing,but others _
27、.(2017南开区二模,12)A.other B.anotherC.the other D.others,解析句意为:他们怎么能达成一致意见呢?一些人说的是一件事,但其他人说的是另一件事。one thing与another对应。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.My close friends,after they heard about my experiences in South America,_ said it was totally out of their imagination.(2017河西
28、区一模,11)A.which B.themC.all D.who,解析句意为:在听说了我在南美洲的经历后,我的好朋友们都说这完全超出了他们的想象。此题易误认为设空处引导非限制性定语从句而错选D项。分析句子结构可知,after引导时间状语从句,若选who的话,主句不完整,只有主语。故只能用代词all作主语My close friends的同位语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A variety of solutions have been provided for us to solve the probl
29、em.We can choose _ to start with.(2017南开区三模,5)A.it B.thatC.each D.one,解析句意为:这个问题的各种解决方案已经提供给我们了。我们可以选择其中一种开始。此处onea solution,表示泛指。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.Do you have _ ready for the spring outing?No,I still have to buy some fruit.(2017北京海淀区二模,23)A.everything B.any
30、thingC.something D.nothing,解析句意为:你为春游准备好一切了吗?没有,我还得买些水果。由答句“没有,我还得买些水果”可知,问的是“有没有做好一切准备”,故选everything。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Of all the books on the desk,_ is of any use for our study.(2017红桥区一模,2)A.no one B.nothingC.none D.neither,解析no onenobody没有人,只能指人;nothing什
31、么都没有,只能指物;none 既可指人,也可指物,指特定范围内一个也没有,范围为三者及三者以上;neither指两者都不,范围为两者。根据题干中的“of all the books on the desk”可知范围不止两个,故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.My sports magazine is nowhere to be seen.I saw Tom going away with _ ,but Im not sure whether it is yours.(2017天津一中4月考,1)A.t
32、he one B.oneC.that D.it,解析the one这一个(特指);one一个(表泛指);that那个(表特指);it它(代指上文出现的事或物)。根据答句后面的“但是我不确定是否是你的”可知回答者只知道Tom带着“一本”走了,此处表示泛指(而不是指说话者找不到的那本),故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.Basketball is my favorite sport.There is _ like basketball as a means of keeping fit.(2017河北区一
33、模,10)A.something B.anythingC.nothing D.everything,解析something某事/物;anything任何事/物;nothing没有事/物;everything每件事/物。句意为:篮球是我最喜爱的运动,没什么能像篮球一样作为一种保健的方式了。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.Oh,my English novel is missing.I saw Tom leaving with _,but I am not sure whether yours was
34、 included.(2016天津一中月考,25)A.one B.itC.some D.that,解析句意为:哦,我的英语小说不见了。我看见Tom带着一些英语小说离开了,但是我不确定你的是不是在里面。因为后面有whether yours was included,可知空处应该是指some English novels,可用some代替 。故C正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.Mum,have you seen my mobile phone?_ you bought last week?Im afra
35、id I havent seen it.(2016红桥区重点中学八校联考,2)A.That B.ItC.The one D.One,解析句意为:妈妈,你看见我的手机了吗?是你上星期买的那个手机吗?恐怕我没有看见它。one指代可数名词单数形式a mobile phone,且表示泛指某一个手机。the one特指可数名词单数,相当于the mobile phone。故C项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ di
36、fficult to tell one from the other.(2016河东区二模,2)A.it B.themC.her D.that,解析it用作形式宾语,指代后面的不定式to tell one from the other。句意为:这两个女孩如此相像以至于陌生人发现把她们区分开很难。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13._ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.(20
37、16江苏泰州二模,22)A.Nobody B.AnybodyC.Somebody D.Everybody,解析句意为:没有人能够忍住不被科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷。cant help but do sth.cant help doing sth.,意为“忍不住做某事,情不自禁做某事”。Nobody can help but do sth.相当于everybody cant help but do sth.。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.Mary donated half of her money t
38、o charity,and spent _ half on her education.(2016天津十二区县二模,4)A.another B.otherC.any other D.the other,解析句意为:玛丽把一半钱捐给了慈善机构,另外一半用于自己的学费。the other指两者中的另一者,符合句意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Cars do cause us some health problemsin fact far more serious _than mobile phones d
39、o.(2016南开区三模,2)A.one B.onesC.it D.those,解析由句意可知,选ones,指代前面的problems。one指代前面提到的同类单数名词;it指代前面提到的单数名词本身;thosethe ones,表特指。故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years,_ resulting in their great loss.(2016武清区三模,5
40、)A.each B.everyC.any D.either,解析each每个,各自;every每一个的;any任何,任何一个;either两者中的一个或另一个。故A符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.Charles was alone at home,with _ looking after him.(2016河北区一模,2)A.someone B.anyoneC.not one D.no one,解析句意为:查尔斯独自一人在家,没人照顾他。no one指没有人,符合语境。someone某人;any
41、one任何人。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr.and Mrs.Brown without hurting the feeling of _,but failed.A.none B.either C.both D.neither,解析none (三者及以上的)任何都不;either表示“两者当中的任何一个”;both两者都;neither两者都不。根据句意“不想伤害两人当中的任何一个人的感情”,可知答案选
42、B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.Could you tell me how to get to Heping Street?Heping Street?_ is where the shopping centre is.A.Such B.ThereC.That D.This,解析句意为:你能告诉我怎么到达和平街吗?和平街?那是购物中心所在的地方。that指示代词,指代离说话者或听话者比较远的事物。故选C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20._ comes as no surprise that San Francisco wins the honor as the fittest city in the US for its steep hills and fresh food.A.It B.ThatC.This D.What,解析句意为:圣弗朗西斯科因它陡峭的小山和新鲜的食物赢得美国最佳城市的荣誉,这一点都不意外。it作形式主语,真正主语为that后的从句。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,