1、1. Comparison and Contrast 1. while 2. whilst 3. whereas 4. by contrast/in contrast,Back,1.现代人类生活压力很大而, 我们的祖先却可以比较悠闲地从事他们的事物.,While/whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.,2.大城市的教育和医疗设施多数都很先进.相比之下,他们在农村的对应设施多半质量较差.,The educat
2、ional and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.,By facts or examples,2. Exemplification 1. take for example 2. for instance/for example 3. to illustrate: 后面跟完整的句子 4. as an apt illustration:后面跟完整的句子,Ba
3、ck,1.亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化.以中国为例,当青少年去看电影的时候,他们一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影.,The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.,2.动物是人类的朋友.例如，海豚经常从沉船里营救船员.,Animals ar
4、e humans companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.,Patterns for you to use as models,1. Typical patterns for starting a topic throughevidence or questions,2. Typical patterns for argumentation througha list of examples,原句: Research shows we make up our minds about
5、people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them.,Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions:,1) A large body of research (evidence / study / facts / experience / data) show(s) (proves / suggests / indicates)that(从句-Topic) 大量的研究（证据/ 研究/事实/经验/数据）显示（证
6、明/表明），,句型提炼,应用： a. 大量证据表明，破裂家庭的子女出现情感、行为障碍或触犯法律的可能性是完整家庭子女的23倍。,A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law.,应用： b. 表中所给数据显示， 在过去五年中学生使用计算机的情况
7、发生了很大的变化。,The data given in the table show that dramatic changes have taken place in student use of computers during the past five years.,It has been a controversial issue whether a persons personality development is decided by genetic characteristics or other experiences we have in our life. Resear
8、ch indicates that the characteristic we are born with impose stronger influence on our development. As far as I see, our life is more greatly influenced by experiences in family, education and social environment.,specifically,Our society teaches us what responsibility is. Specifically, we are not al
9、one in this world. We learn to consider the feelings of people around us by interacting with each other.,应用：母爱是伟大的，也是无私的。仅举一例：据报道,一位瘦弱的母亲是靠卖血资助自己孩子读完大学的。,Mother love is great and selfless. To cite just one example, a thin and weak mother, as it was reported, financed her child through college by sel
10、ling her blood.,2. An interesting / striking / typical example of is provided by the story of sb. who 有个故事是说明 的有趣突出典型的例子：某人 ,句型提炼,（划线部分可替换）,应用：追求知识与寻觅爱情不可兼容。有个故事是说明这一观点的突出例子：我从前的同桌曾被认为是班里最优秀的学生，却早在初中时就将其希望之舟驶入了一个女孩的爱情港湾。现在他正陷入深深的懊悔之中。,Knowledge seeking and romance hunting can not go hand in hand. A
11、striking example of the view is provided by the story of my former desk-mate who, once thought of as the most excellent student in my class, began to steer his boat of promise into the harbor of a girls love as early as when he was still in the junior middle school. Now he is drowning himself in dee
12、p-felt regret.,The development of international tourism greatly contributes to employment. This point is illustrated by the city of Sichuan where every year millions of international tourists spend their holidays, which increases the demand for employment.,It is evident from the information supplied
13、 that male are far more likely to commit crimes. This point can be illustrated/emphasized by the fact that male offenders accounted for 96% of prison inmates.,3. Cause and effect 1. as 2. since 3. due to 4. owing to 5. hence 6. thus 7. therefore 8. as a consequence/result/consequently 10. thereby:以此
14、达到目的(不能用在句首,而且后面是加动名词,Back,Examples,1. I think, therefore, that government need to raise this awareness in the general public.2. As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.,1. 生态问题正在被恶化,因此,我们必须采取措施解决环境问题.,The ecological problems are
15、being aggravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.,2. 政府应该提高公众的环保意识,以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生存的环境.,The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more l
16、ivable environment.,Due to, owing to Result in/from, create, lead to bring about, give rise to, contribute to, be responsible, attribute to,由于同事之间的竞争，人们很有压力。,Because there is fierce competition among colleagues, people have too much pressure.Due to the fierce competition among colleagues, there is t
17、oo much pressure on people.The fierce competition among colleagues creates/leads to too much pressure on people.The fierce competition among colleague gives rise to the increasing pressure on people nowadays.The reason why there is too much work pressure on people is the fierce competition among the
18、 colleagues.,Some information in the newspaper is not reliable simply because many journalists fabricate sensational incidents in order to make themselves conspicuous. Reporters like many people in other occupations, now feel the fierce competition in their circles. Consequently, some of them deliberately exaggerate or whitewash certain matters to gain the upper hand over their colleagues. As a result, their reports are certainly not dependable.,
