1、Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第二课时Learning about Language名词性从句：主语从句,Unit 4,说出that/what/whether所引导的从句在主句中充当的成分，及引导词的功能。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (what引导_从句，并在从句中充当_)The earth became so violent
2、 that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (whether引导_从句，在从句中不充当成分),What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (what引导_从句，并在从句中充当_)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to disso
3、lve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what引导_从句，并在从句中充当_)It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (that引导_从句，在从句中不充当成分),So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can
4、 be solved. (第一个whether引导_从句；第二个whether引导_从句)答案：主语；表语主语主语；主语主语；宾语主语主语；宾语,一、基础点拨(一)定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。(二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能1连接词that和whether/ifthat引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。whether/if引导主语从句，在主从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。,That she could come to help us made us very happy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
5、That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否会来仍是个谜。It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。,归纳拓展(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语
6、从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。2连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语)最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。Who will go to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在
7、从句中作主语)不知道谁会去听音乐会。Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语)不知道他们会选哪本书。,Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)不论谁违反了交通规则都要受到惩罚。3连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等。连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。When we shall hold our sports meeting is
8、 not decided.(when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语)我们还没决定何时举行运动会。,How they will reach the top of the high mountain is still under discussion.(how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)他们仍在讨论如何到达那座高山的山顶。Why we havent met each other for a long time is that she has gone to work abroad.(why引导主语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)我们有很长时间没有见面的原因是她已去国外工作。,二、难点突破(
9、一)主语从句与形式主语it1It is名词词组主语从句Its a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2It is形容词主语从句。It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.很明显咖啡店的经理在等李方离开。,名师点拨在Itbeadj.从句这一结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange/essential等时，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。如：It is very importa
10、nt that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。3It is过去分词主语从句。It is reported that President Xi will visit some African countries soon.(it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)据报道习主席将很快访问非洲的几个国家。,名师点拨在“It is过去分词主语从句”中，过去分词若为advised/ordered/asked等时，从句谓语用“(should)do”。It is ordered that they should hand in their
11、 designs at once.(it为形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，且从句中谓语用shoulddo，且should可以省略)命令他们马上交上他们的设计方案。,4It seems/appears/occurs to sb/doesnt matter/makes no difference.主语从句。It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。5It及物动词宾语that从句。It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。,(二)主语从句中应注意的问题1从
12、句的语序要用陈述语序。When we will set off is still under discussion.我们什么时候动身还在讨论中。Whoever leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights.无论谁最后离开都要把灯关掉。2从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。,名师点拨what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。What the
13、school needs much are books.这所学校需要的是书。What the school needs much is money.这所学校需要的是钱。3从句的时态一般要取决于主句。They lost their way in the forest and what made things worse was that night began to fall.他们在森林里迷路了，更糟糕的是夜幕开始降临。,.语法填空1Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there f
14、or a short or a long time.答案：whether考查名词性从句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里时间长还是短都没关系。it是形式主语，真正主语是whether引导的名词性从句。2It is immediately clear_the financial crisis will soon be over.答案：whether考查主语从句的用法。句意：经济危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事情。“是否”用whether表示，不能选when是因为从句中由soon这一时间状语。,3It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhoo
15、d helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.答案：that句意：已经证实童年时期食用蔬菜有助于晚年保护自己避免患严重的疾病。It has been proved that.为主语从句，表示“已经证明” 。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能证明他确实犯了这些罪吗？,4_ is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their speci
16、al gift.答案：what考查主语从句的连接词。所缺处引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作句子的主语，所以用what。句意为：明显正确的(做法)就是，给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。,5_was most important to her, she told me, was her family.答案：what本题主要考查主语从句的用法。句意：她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是家庭。she told me为插入语，what was most important to her为主语从句，其中what又是主语从句的主语。其他选项无此双重语法功能。,6_wants to stay in a hote
17、l has to pay their own way.答案：Whoever考查主语从句。whoever意为“任何人，无论谁”，引导主语从句，作从句_wants to stay in a hotel 的主语。anyone意为“任何一个人”。the one意为“那人，某人”。都不能引导主语从句。who意为“谁”， 引导主语从句含有疑问的意味。7It is none of your business_other people think about you.Believe yourself.答案：whatwhat引导主语从句，并在从句中作think的宾语。it作形式主语。为了使句子保持平衡，常用it
18、代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。,8It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.答案：that考查名词性从句。it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句。It occured to sb. that.“某人突然想到”。9_he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.答案：whatwhat引导主语从句，并在从句中作referred to的宾语。,10_makes this shop differen
19、t is that it offers more personal services.答案：Whatwhat引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。表示这个商店经常提供个性化服务使得它与众不同。11It has been proved _ taking exercise regularly does good to ones health.答案：that句意：经证明，有规律地锻炼身体对一个人的健康有好处。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，that在从句中不作成分，也没有具体意义。,12_ burns the forest should be punished.答案：whoever句意：任何
20、放火焚烧森林的人都应该受到惩罚。这里用whoever引导的名词性从句，作句子的主语。13_ the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is _ Im especially worried about.答案：whether; what考查名词性从句。句意：飞往上海的航班是否耽搁是我特别担心的事情。whether是否，引导主语从句；what引导表语从句并在从句中充当介词about的宾语。,14.(2014九江高一检测)Mrs. White looks old for her age.Yes. It worries her most _ her hair is t
21、urning gray.答案：that句意：怀特太太看上去比实际年龄大。是的，她的头发逐渐变白这件事让她最担心。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that无词义，在从句中不作成分，符合题意。15It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.答案：whether句意：新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。,.根据语境，填入恰当的引导词1_ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite clear.2T
22、he foreign minister said, “It is our hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.”3_ team will win the match is still unknown.4_ comes to the party will receive a present.5_ Mary has been away is still a question.6Its reported _ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.,7_
23、he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.8We usually think _ we cant get seems better than what we have.9It is a fact _ English is a must in modern society.10_ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasnt been decided.答案：1.Why2.that3.Which4.Whoever5.Whether6.that7.How8.what9.that10.Who,
