1、英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2 分，共 20 分)1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are _.( )A.gradable opposites B.relational oppositesC.co-hyponyms D.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )A.Jacob Grimm B.R
2、asmus RaskC.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( )A.unusual B.something to be fearedC.abnormal D.natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropri
3、ate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( )A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference beca
4、use there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.( )A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt i
5、t?”is _.( )A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.( )A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )A.Lingui
6、stic geography B.LexicologyC.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( )A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult 二、填空题( 每空 1 分，共 10 分)11.A sentence is a str
7、ucturally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_.13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communicat
8、ion,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写 “T”，错的写“F” ，并说明理由。每小题 2 分，共 20 分)16.All words may be said to contain a root morp
9、heme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )20.Historical linguistics equals to the stu
10、dy of synchronic study.( )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。 ( )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )24.The smallest meaningful unit of langu
11、age is allomorph.( )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )四、名词解释(每小题 3 分，共 30 分)26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contras
12、tive analysis五、论述题(每小题 10 分，共 20 分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the presidents ap
13、pointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un- anti- super-wise -itis -ize -age一、单项选择题(每小题 2 分，共 20 分)1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B二、填空题(每空 1 分，共 10 分)11.words question12.social groups13.sentence meaning14.polyglot15.voiceless voiced voiced
14、三、判断说明题(每小题 2 分，共 20 分)16.T17.F(Sense and reference)18.F(scientific study of language)19.F(finite verb)20.F(diachronic)21.F(no value judgement)22.T23.T24.F(morpheme)25.F(one of the parts)四、名词解释(每小题 3 分，共 30 分)26.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.27.The phonemic fea
15、tures that occur above the level of the segments.28.The base form of a word; the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.29.The sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic categories of each structural constituent, such as NP and VP.30.T
16、he words of a language are labels of the objects they stand for; a linguistic form is linked through concepts to what it refers to.31.Do not say what you believe to be false or without adequate evident; Avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity, be brief and orderly.32.A process of forming a new w
17、ord by combining parts of other words.33.A variety of languages used by a social class.34.Thought when it is close to language.35.A comparative procedure to establish linguistic differences between languages for teaching purposes.五、论述题(每小题 10 分，共 20 分)36.(1)the hunters are shooting; the hunters are
18、shot;(2)young men and young women; young men and (not young) women(3)the president appoints others; the president is appointed.37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganizeun-: not, reverse, e.g. unhappy, unlockanti-: against, anti- drug, anti-imperialismsuper- greater than usual, e.g. superpower, superman-wise: in the manner of, e.g. clockwise, moneywise-itis: infection. e.g. bronchitis, arthritis-ize: make into, e.g. realize, modernize-age: process. e.g. mileage, linkage
