1、2018届高考英语复习语法讲解,时 态 语 态,益阳市一中高三英语组 彭海军, 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。命题思路有三种： 一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择； 二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断； 三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。,时态和语态的主要考点 1、常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。 3、
2、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。 4、系动词的用法特点。 5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。 6、在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了八种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。,一般现在,4. every , sometimes, at , on Sundays,现在完成,现在进行,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来,一般将来,一般过去,1. for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, recently in the past years,5. yester
3、day, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now,2. 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作,6. before, by, until, when, after,8. next, tomorrow, in,3. now,7. this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while,4,8,7,1,3,6,2,5, 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时
4、态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。,解动词填空题“三步曲”,1I (have) this book for 2 weeks.,have had,are planted,一看时间状语,2.Every year, many trees (plant) along the river.,3.Keep quiet, please! They (have) a le
5、sson.,are having,4.-Hi,Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party.-Oh, I (get) ready for the exam.,was getting,5.Tom (go) to bed early, but his brother doesnt.,6. Listen! Jims radio (make) a loud noise. Would you please tell him to turn it down?,goes,is making,二观上下文联系,三找隐含条件,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作结果对现在
6、的影响，属于现在的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间是在过去，属于过去时的范畴。因此，一般过去时需跟表示过去的时间状语连用或有表过去时间的上下文，而现在完成时通常有以下比较固定的标志性时间状语：so far, recently, lately, ever, since, by now, in the last few days, yet, already, just等。,【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说） 【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year. 【正】I have visited t
7、he Palace Museum.,我参观过故宫博物院。,2. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示以过去某个时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即强调动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态。,3. 将来完成时和将来进行时的区别：将来完成时由“shall / will + have done”构成，表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时刻，常用延续性动词（但如果表示某动作或状态在将来某时间以前已完成，但其影响却延续到那一时间，就用短暂性动词），并带有一个表将来某一时间的状语或状语从句，如by the end of this month, b
8、y then, 等。将来进行时由“shall / will + be doing”构成，表示某个动作在将来的某时间一直持续进行着。,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。 He locked the door. 他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。） He has locked the door. 他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。） Who turned on the light? 谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。） Who has turned on the light? 谁把灯
9、打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）,两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。 He has lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿） He lived in Beijing for four years. 他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）,现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you m
10、et him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）,现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。 Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）,20
11、18届高考英语复习语法讲解,时 态 语 态,益阳市一中高三英语组 彭海军,1. 表示感觉、变化或保持、事物属性等意义的系动词feel, look, smell, taste, sound, turn, prove, stay， get, write,wash等用主动形式表被动意义。The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.,2. 由“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态被动语态除由“be+过去分词”构成以外，也可由“get+过去分词”构成，表示： （1）给自己做事（get dressed）； （2）设法
12、做到自己称心的事(get elected)； （3）由于客观原因遇到不称心的事(get burned)； （4）表示命令（Get washed!去洗洗吧！）。,1. 进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay 等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。 Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days. Where are you staying in Guangzhou?,2.现在进行时与consta
13、ntly, always, forever等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。 表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩 Shes constantly complaining. 她不停地抱怨。My brother is always leaving things about. 我弟弟总是乱丢东西。,3.过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want，hope，wonder 等动词），用以提出请求。 I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.,4.一般过去时在虚拟语气中表示现在或将
14、来时间的动作或状态 Its time we went. I wish I were twenty years younger. I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.,K19,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly
15、等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),1. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 2. -Will you finish your work soon? -Yes, I _ it by next Tuesday. A. will have finished B. finishes C. is to finish
16、D. has finished,思维拓展,一：根据标志性时间状语来确定,题二：根据句型来确定：,思维拓展,1.What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （05全国） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 2. He _in school for five months before his mother took him out of school.A. has studied B. has learn
17、ed C. had been D. would be,1.- Im sorry, but theres no smoking on this flight.- Oh, I _ that. Sorry, I wont again.A. dont know B. didnt know C. wont know D. havent known 2.- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have p
18、ainted,思维拓展,题三：根据上下文来确定,3. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken,4. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,1.This kind of cloth _.A. is sold well B.
19、 sells well C. doesnt sells good D. isnt sold good 2.The bestseller _ out so far. A. has been sold B. has sold C. is sold D. sells,题四：主动语态还是被动语态,思维拓展,语法填空练习,For good mental health, dont judge too quickly.A young couple 1 （lose）all their investment before they moved into a new neighbourhood. The next
20、 moring, while they 2 （eat）breakfast, the young wife saw her neighbour hang the wash outside.“That laundry is not very clean,” she said to her husband. “The neighbour doesnt know how to wash correctly. Perhaps she 3 (need) better laundry soap.”Her husband looked on, and 4 (remain) silent.Her neighbo
21、ur would hang her wash to dry almost every day. The young woman 5 (make),语法填空练习,the same comments all the time.About one month later, the young woman was about 6 (criticise) her neighbour when she was surprised to see a nice wash on her neighbours line and said to her husband, “look! I 7 (think) she
22、 would hand dirty laundry again. She 8 (learn) how to wash correctly. I wonder who taught her this?”The husband said, “ I got up early this morning and cleaned our windows!”Can you see how it might be a good idea to check first, to see if your windows are clean? What we see when watching others 9 (l
23、ie) on the,语法填空练习,purity of the windows through which we look.Before we 10 (give) any criticism next time, it will be a good idea to check our state of mind and ask ourselves if we are ready to see the good rather than just look for something wrong in the people we encounter.,语法填空练习,For good mental
24、health, dont judge too quickly.A young couple 1 （lose）all their investment before they moved into a new neighbourhood. The next moring, while they 2 （eat）breakfast, the young wife saw her neighbour hang the wash outside.“That laundry is not very clean,” she said to her husband. “The neighbour doesnt
25、 know how to wash correctly. Perhaps she 3 (need) better laundry soap.”Her husband looked on, and 4 (remain) silent.Her neighbour would hang her wash to dry almost every day. The young woman 5 (make),had lost/lost,were eating,needs,remained,was making,语法填空练习,the same comments all the time.About one
26、month later, the young woman was about 6 (criticise) her neighbour when she was surprised to see a nice wash on her neighbours line and said to her husband, “look! I 7 (think) she would hand dirty laundry again. She 8 (learn) how to wash correctly. I wonder who taught her this?”The husband said, “ I
27、 got up early this morning and cleaned our windows!”Can you see how it might be a good idea to check first, to see if your windows are clean? What we see when watching others 9 (lie) on the,to criticise,thought,has learnt,lies,语法填空练习,purity of the windows through which we look.Before we 10 (give) any criticism next time, it will be a good idea to check our state of mind and ask ourselves if we are ready to see the good rather than just look for something wrong in the people we encounter.,give,Goodbye !,
