1、 对于线性图表的描述上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growto jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词 tothe peak of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching the peak of +具体数据。（达到最大值）d. 1. a. 中的动词
2、reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的
3、动词 tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词 reaching + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。 (见对于平稳的趋势的描述：可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydr
4、amaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 时间s + 具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后) ：1. 先上升后下降的句型： increased slowly duringan
5、d but fell sharply in .A steady fall in during and followed thesharp increase in .2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated s
6、harply all through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Li
7、ke X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型(实例)：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to 数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词
8、或词组：up tobelowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大约的词：about补充一点点：一. 主章开头图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; piegraph描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear;apparent; reveal; represent内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion二. 表示数据一般：have
9、10%; at 10%;over 10%最高(低) 点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out; reached the bottom变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose;climbdecrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /nochange变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid
10、/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromto betweenand for to多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多
11、nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4三。常用词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长
12、distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的represent vt. 阐述，表现overall 总体上讲except 除外in the case of adv. 在的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in conclusion adv. 最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言rang fromexcessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外lowe
13、r v.降低，跌落elapse vi.( 时间)过去，消逝category n. 种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测1.有用的词上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mountlevel up下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen leveldown平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/b
14、e the sameas/similar to波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down占:occupy take up account for gain而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/infact相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most最低点:bottom less least rock bott
15、om平均:mean average趋势:tendancy trend inclination预见:prediction达到顶峰: mount to在*中占*:*gain the percentage of有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结以下是引用 zxc0470 在 2004-6-3 23:05:00 的发言：1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。( 概述图表)正如曲线所示，最近 54 年来该国人口飞速增长。As is sh
16、own by the graph,there has been a rapid increase inthe population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that (得出结论)shown graphconcluded figuresestimated statisticsA.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从 1985 年到 1990 年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that
17、the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近 5 年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been agreat decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. amount to (数量总计)add up tocome tosum up to全部费用合计
18、 200 美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase from to (数量增减)decreaserisefalldropA.这个工厂生产的彩电已由 1986 年的 5000 台增加到 1990 年的21000 台。The number of colour TV sets produced by the factoryincreased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in1990.B.参加者的人数增加到 30 万。The num
19、ber of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons =increased , reaching 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到 700 人。The number of teaching staff members in this school hasdecreased to 700 persons.5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of上升 17% rise by 17per cent steel日产量 the
20、 daily output 导致产量下降 result in adiminished output现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于 1970 年的 3 倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is threetimes as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with , 与去年相比，今年 13 项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Thefactory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.Compared with that of last year,the o
21、utput of 13 mainproducts (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increase on the increasesudden decrease on the declinesteady declinegradual fallslow dropslight最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased
22、rapidly in thepast few years.“结尾”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= Inbrief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. Toconclude , it seems clear that 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned ,Im in favour of the formerview.Therefore,
23、my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed aslong as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.=我再补充几点：同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled upward / climbed drastically / soar / surge / experience an explos
24、ive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a modest (marginal ) 微小的 gain / on the rise / on the ascendance / wane / shrink /slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend(tide ) / sth. continued its upward / downward trend. / reach theplateau / the bottleneck / sth. level off
25、 / sth. remains steady /stable / unchanged / constant / stay the same / There was a slightdrop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply /dramatically / drastically / substantially / steeply / incredibly /massively / surprisingly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly /steadily / gradually
26、 / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a (the ) peak / the highest point / A record number of students /reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience amoderate fluctuation / swing /另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型，在考试的时候考到图表要会灵活使用。This bar chart describes significant changes in the
27、ownership of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed tothe huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 1990, three outof four houses were state-owned. Howeve
28、r, by 2000, the percentageof the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%.The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade.(1990-2000)As is suggested ( unfolded / de
29、monstrated / illustrated /mirrored ) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the privateownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade.(1990-2000)According to the above chart, there has been a drasticgrowth in the
30、 private ownership of houses, while the stateownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. (1990-2000)From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the privateownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from (as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drasticdecrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade.(1990-2000)大家如果在用词和句型上能够把握好，就在图表上成功了一大半。
