1、Unit 21 Human Biology,【文章导语】 Some people think womens brain are smaller that mens.Does that mean that men are more intelligent than women?Is that true?,Did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens?The average womens brain weighs 10% less than mens.Since research has shown that the bigger th
2、e brain,the cleverer the animal,men must be more intelligent than women.Right?Wrong.Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests,despite the difference in brain size.Why?After years of study,researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters,not just the size of the brain.1T
3、he brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”.While men have more of the latter,the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.,It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster,perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women.Th
4、is means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier,and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time.2 There are other important differences between two sexes.As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks,men know better where things are in relation
5、 to other things.,These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills,while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors,among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt,acco
6、rding to one research.If all this disappoints you,it shouldnt.“The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it,” says a biologist.,译文 你知道女性的大脑比男性的小吗?女性大脑的平均重量比男性少10%。因为有研究已经表明大脑越大就越聪明,所以男性一定比女性聪明。对不对?错。尽管脑的容量不一样,男性和女性在智力测试上有相似的得分。为什么呢?经过多年的研究,研究人员得出结论,重要的不仅仅是脑的大小而是构成。大脑由灰质和白质组
7、成。虽然男性的灰质多一些,但是大脑中用来思考的部分在两种性别中几乎相同。 有人认为容量小的大脑运行更快,也许是因为在女性中大脑的两部分联系更紧密。这意味着小女孩往往学说话快,女性更容易同时理解来自不同渠道的各种信息。,在两种性别间还有一个重要的不同。因为白质是解决空间任务的关键,因此男性对于事物间的相对位置了解得更好。 这些大脑的不同也说明了这样一个事实:从事需要空间技巧的工作的男性多,而语言技巧的女性多。一项研究表明,这要追溯到我们的祖先,女性需要语言技巧来照顾婴儿而男性需要空间技巧去打猎。如果这样的研究结果让你失望,没必要。“大脑一生都在变化,这取决于我们对它做什么。”一位生物家说。,典句
8、欣赏 1.After years of study,researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters,not just the size of the brain. 经过多年的研究,研究人员得出结论,重要的不仅仅是脑的大小而是构成。 2.This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier,and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the sam
9、e time. 这意味着小女孩往往学说话快,女性更容易同时理解来自不同渠道的各种信息。,理解诱思 1.Which of the following do you agree with according to the passage? A.Men have weaker spatial abilities. B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skills. C.Women prefer doing many things at a time. D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills. 2.What
10、 is the writers attitude towards writing this passage? A.Defensive. B.Persuasive. C.Supportive. D.Objective. 3.Does the fact that womens brain are smaller than mens mean that men are more intelligent than women?,B,D,No,it doesnt.,Section Warm-up & Lesson 1 Super Athletes,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,Pre-reading
11、一、词义匹配A B 1.at all costs a.must be done because of a law or a rule 2.interval b.the most central and important of sth. 3.pump c.weak and difficult to believe;unable to walk well because of an injury to the leg or foot pulsory d.a period of time between two events 5.contradict e.to say what sb.else s
12、aid is wrong 6.fundamental f.whatever is needed to achieve sth. 7.lame g.causing a lot of discussion and disagreement 8.controversial h.to make water,air,gas,etc,flow in a particular direction 9.dash i.a race over a short distance 答案：1.f 2.d 3.h 4.a 5.e 6.b 7.c 8.g 9.i,一,二,三,四,五,六,八,二、猜词拼写 1. exchan
13、ge;to give sth.to sb.and receive sth.in exchange 2. to make bad use of sth. 3. to allow sb.to do sth.that you do not agree with or like 4. to look for;to try to obtain or achieve 5. without success 6. without thinking or deciding in advance 7. to go against or to disobey 8. the ability to hear 9. no
14、t sure;uncertain 10. happening or done once every year,swap,abuse,tolerate,seek,in vain,at random,violate,hearing,doubtful,annual,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,三、根据提示写出下列单词 1. vi.循环 2. vi.用泵抽出(注入) 3. vt.消化 4. adj.根本的;基础的 5. adj.每年的,一年一次的,年度的 6. adj.站不住脚的,不易令人相信的 7. adj.强制性的,义务的 8. adj.有争议的 9. vt.违反,违背,circulate,p
15、ump,digest,fundamental,annual,lame,compulsory,controversial,violate,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,四、词汇拓展 1. vi.交换 (近义词) 2. vt.容忍 adj.容忍的;宽容的 n.容忍;宽容 3. adj.怀疑的,不肯定的 v.怀疑 n.怀疑 4. vt.寻找 (过去式,过去分词) 5. adj.每年的,一年一次的,年度的adv.每年,年度地 6. vt.反对 adj.相反的 7. vt.反驳;驳斥;与(其他事物)相矛盾adj.互相矛盾的;对立的n.矛盾 8. vt.滥用;虐待 vt.使用,swap,exchange
16、,tolerate,tolerant,tolerance,doubtful,doubt,seek,seek,annual,annually,oppose,opposed,contradict,contradictory,contradiction,abuse,use,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,While-reading 五、根据提示补全下列短语 1. vain 徒然,白费力气 2. random 随便地;随意地 3. all costs 不管多大代价,无论如何 4.due 由于 e 偶然遇见 6.contribute 促成;导致 7. silence 沉默地;默不作声地 8.more l
17、ess 或多或少,大约 9. of breath 气喘吁吁 10. use (机械、场所等)在使用中,in,at,at,to,across,to,in,or,out,in,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,六、用所给词汇的适当形式完成句子 1.Many contemporary amateur athletes (break) world records if they (take) part in the first Olympic Games. 2.Ben Johnson (be) the 100 metres world record holder if he (not catch) ta
18、king drugs in the 1988 Olympics. 3.If American athlete Marion Jones (take) drugs, she (make) it to the Olympics at all?,would have broken,had taken,would be,had not been caught,hadnt taken,would,have made,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,4.If gene-therapy (use) now,it (be) almost impossible to find out. 5.If a gener
19、ation of sports stars with enhanced genes(create),it (contradict) the whole spirit of sport.,were used,would be,were created,would contradict,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,七、阅读课文,选择最佳答案 1.Some predictions about a ceiling for many events have nearly always been proved . A.right B.wrong C.simple D.mature 2.Whats th
20、e drugs legal effect? A.To make the athletes run faster. B.To make the audience cheer more excitedly. C.To cure the patients. D.To make money for the chemists.,B,C,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,3.Ben Johnson . A.used to be the 200-metre world record holder B.was taken as a drug-taker C.will be the 100-metre world
21、 record holder D.will be taken as a drug-taker 4.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Some athletes want to achieve the championship with the help of doping. B.It is easy to clarify whether an athlete has taken drugs. C.Doping is the only problem in the track and field. D.Gene-therapy will benefit the
22、athletes.,B,A,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,5.In the future, . A.athletes must have their genes changed B.athletes will finish 100 metres in only 8 seconds C.athletes will do the marathon in less than two hours D.the Olympic spirit will go on,D,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,Post-reading 八、阅读课文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Years ag
23、o when we talked about“cheating”,an exam would occur to our mind.However,cheating is now used not only in exams but also in sports or games.When referring to “cheating” in the games,we come across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs.The drugs are 1. (origin) developed to help people with illness
24、es,but now they also create supreme athletes 2. (make) them faster and stronger than normal.3. (take) these drugs is known as “doping”,4. can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them,but some athletes seek to achieve beyond their 5. (nature) limits and are prepared to che
25、at to do so.,originally,making,taking,which,natural,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,The sports world doesnt tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise,some athletes,6. (include) some world record keepers or breakers violated the rule,such as Ben Johnson in 100 metres in the 1988 Olympic
26、s,Floyd Landis in the annual cycling race in 2006 7. American athlete Marion Jones in the Olympics. 8. (unfortunate),it is not easy to catch athlete using illegal drugs because it is compulsory for winners to 9.(test),but others only at random.However,doping is not the only thing we need to worry ab
27、out.“Gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.If gene-therapy 10. (use) now,it would be almost impossible to find out.,including,and,Unfortunately,be tested,were used,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1.It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood.(Page 136,听力材料) 它消化你的食物,将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。
28、 考点 digest v.消化 This food digests well. 这种食物容易消化。 We digest our food slowly. 我们慢慢地消化食物。 It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. 吸收新思想往往需要很长一段时间。 I have digested most of the important points in the book. 我领悟了书中大部分要点。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸 digestion n.消化 Drinking too much tea is bad for
29、 your digestion. 喝太多的茶对消化不好。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,2.Write down five telephone numbers and swap with your partner.(Page 33) 写下五个电话号码然后和你的搭档交换。 考点 swap vi.交换(物品、信息、工作等) 阅读下列句子,指出其中的词组及含义 I liked her coat and she liked mine,so we swapped with each othe
30、r. 词组 含义 I think I will swap this sweater for one in another colour. 词组 含义,swap(sth.)with sb,与某人交换某物,swap A for B,用A来交换B,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,(1)swap的词义和搭配都是考点。(过去式,过去分词swapped) (2)近义词:exchange(更常用),1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,3.Taking these drugs is kn
31、own as “doping” and although they enhance performance,they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.(Page 34,Lines 15-17) 服用这些药物的行为是所谓的“服用兴奋剂”。对滥用兴奋剂的人来说,兴奋剂虽然能提高他们的运动成绩,但是同时也会给他们以后的生活造成严重的健康问题。 本句是一个复合句。and之前的分句是简单句,其中动词-ing词组taking these drugs做主语,and之后的分句仍然是一个复合句,其
32、中although引导让步状语从句,who引导定语从句修饰those。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点 abuse vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 n.辱骂 Animals are our friends,so we shouldnt abuse them. 动物是我们的朋友,因此我们不应该虐待它们。 She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. 她滥用自己作为校长的职权,安排工作给朋友。 I dont understand why I should put up with this kin
33、d of abuse from her. 我不明白我为什么要忍受她的辱骂。 Anyone should never be allowed to abuse his authority and position. 绝不允许任何人滥用职权。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,(1)abuse主要考查词义。 (2)abuse ones authority/power/office/privileges 滥用权力/职权/特权 abuse sb.s confidence 辜负了某人的信任 abuse sb.s kindness 辜负了某人的一片好心 abuse animals 虐待动物,1
34、,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,4.The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.(Page 34,Lines 18-19) 体育界不能容忍服用兴奋剂,因为它是作弊的一种根本形式。 考点 tolerate vt.容忍;忍受 The employee could not tolerate what his boss said and left without a word
35、. 那位雇工忍受不了他老板说的话,没有说一句话就走了。 The body cannot tolerate such large amounts of radiation. 身体经不住那么大量的放射线。 The school cannot tolerate cheating in the exam. 学校不允许考试作弊。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义 He has a very tolerant attitude towards other religions. 词性 含义 At times,the heat was hardly
36、 tolerable. 词性 含义 She had no tolerance for jokes of any kind. 词性 含义,形容词,忍受的,容忍的,形容词,可容忍的,可忍受的,名词,容忍,忍受,宽容,耐力,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,(1)tolerate的词义、用法是重要考点。 (2)tolerate+n.容忍 tolerate doing 容忍/容许做 (3)近义词(组):bear,stand,put up with,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
37、,5.Doping is not only a problem in athletics,it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.(Page 34,Lines 24-26) 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题,它也是运动员想寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的任何一项体育项目的问题。 考点 seek vt.寻找;追求(过去式,过去分词sought,sought) A company whose prof
38、its from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可以寻求国外机会。 We are earnestly seeking after the truth. 我们在认真地寻求真理。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,He sought out a shady spot where he might sit down and rest. 他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的阴凉地方。 He sought to make peace.他企图讲和。 They are seeking(f
39、or) a solution to the problem. 他们正在寻求解决问题的办法。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,(1)seek主要考查词义,其过去式和过去分词形式sought也是重要考点。 (2)seek(for) sth.寻找某物 seek after 追求 seek out 找到 seek to do sth.设法/企图做某事 seek after dreams追求梦想 seek ones fortune 寻找发财机会,谋求出路 seek(for) advice/help 寻求帮助 (3)近义词组:look for sth.;search for sth.;hu
40、nt for sth.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,6.Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.(Page 34,Lines 28-29) 弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解,责怪他因伤服用的药物,但是这些都是徒劳的。 考点 in vain
41、徒然,白费力气 I tried to persuade him to stop smoking but my efforts were in vain. 我试图劝说他戒烟,但是我的努力是徒劳的。 Day after day she waited in vain for him to call her. 日复一日,她徒劳地等待他的电话。 He tried to catch the butterfly on the flower,but in vain. 他试图想抓住在花上的蝴蝶,但白费力气。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸 vain adj.徒劳的;自负的 She cl
42、osed her eyes tightly in vain to hold back the tears. 她紧闭双眼,却无法忍住眼泪。 She is too vain to admit her mistakes. 她太自负,不肯承认自己错了。,in vain和vain主要考查词义。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,7.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other partici
43、pants are only tested at random.(Page 34,Lines 31-33) 获胜者要强制性地进行检查,而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 考点一 compulsory adj.强制性的,义务的 Which subjects are compulsory in your school? 在你们学校里,哪些课程是必修的? It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. 所有骑摩托车的人都必须戴头盔,这是强制性的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点二 at random 随便地;随意地 Th
44、e magician picked several people from the audience at random and asked them to help him with the performance. 魔术师从观众中随便找了几个人来协助他的表演。 Dont throw waste paper at random,or it will make the classroom dirty. 不要随便扔废纸,否则会把教室弄得很脏。 考点延伸 random adj.胡乱的;随便的;任意的 randomly=at random胡乱地;随便地;任意地,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1
45、0,11,compulsory和at random主要考查含义。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,8.Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.(Page 34,Lines 38-39) 基因疗法争议很大,许多人反对对它作进一步的研究。 考点一 controversial adj.有争议的 It is a cont
46、roversial issue whether a new building will be built in our city. 在我们的城市是否要建造一座新大楼是一个有争议的话题。 He was a controversial figure. 他是一个有争议的人物。 They made a controversial decision. 他们做了一个有争议的决策。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点二 oppose vt.反对 I would oppose changing the law. 我将反对更改这项法规。 He opposed the proposal to b
47、uild a new hall. 他反对建一个新礼堂的建议。 考点延伸 opposed adj.反对的 be opposed to(doing) sth.反对(做)某事 He is opposed to changing the law. 他反对改变这个法规。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,(1)oppose的词义、用法及相关派生词都是重要考点。 (2)oppose(doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 be opposed to(doing) sth.反对(做)某事,不赞成(做)某事,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
48、,11,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,9.In the future,athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(Page 34,Lines 40-42) 将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅8秒钟内跑完100米,或在不到两个小时的时间里跑完马拉松。 考点 have sth.done 句中who have their genes changed为定语从句
49、,修饰athletes。其中have their genes changed为have sth.done结构,表示“使某事被做;请/让/使某人做某事”,其中done为have 的宾语补足语,表示被动。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,We had the machine mended just now. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 I had my right leg broken when I played football yesterday. 我昨天踢球的时候不小心把右腿弄骨折了。 I must have the work finished before Sunday. 我一定要在周日前完成这项工作。 考点延伸 (1)have sb.do sth.使/让/叫某人做某事 get sb.to do sth.使/让/叫某人做某事 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 母亲叫我去商店买些盐。 I cant get him to stop smoking. 我无法让他戒烟。,
