1、专题一 名词、介词和代词,高考英语 (江苏省专用),欢迎加入高考志愿群散步: 理科一QQ群：492306131; 理科二QQ群654234510; 理科三QQ群：183150065；文科QQ群：492199588,A组自主命题江苏卷题组1.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we areour surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A.in contrast toB.in defense ofC.in face ofD.in relation to,五年高考,答案D句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确
2、定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知,应选择in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to“和相比”,in defense of“为辩护”,in face of“面临”。,2.(2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.A.recipe B.recordC.rangeD.receipt,答案A句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?确切地说,就是充实地度过每一天。考查名
3、词辨析。recipe秘诀,诀窍;record记录;range范围;receipt收据。,3.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to makein agreement with the national soccer re-form.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.achievements,答案B句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。本题考查名词词义辨析。adjustment调整;judgment评判;comment评论;achievement成就。根据句意可知选B项。足球改革是一个热门话题,本题语境
4、富有时代气息。备选项都为考生所熟悉的词汇,意义区分也非常明显,考生根据语境不难选出正确答案。,4.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my.A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets,答案C句意:Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我倒是想去的,但是恐怕她对我的道歉并不会感到开心的。本题考查名词词义辨析。request要求;excuse借口;apology道歉;regret后悔,遗憾。根据句意可知选C项。本题语境富有生活
5、气息,为考生熟悉的场景,侧重考查考生对语境的理解,上句中的say sorry是解答本题的关键。,5.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be aroundThomas Edi-son.A.thanks toB.regardless ofC.aside fromD.but for,答案D句意:要不是Thomas Edison,许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。本题结合虚拟语气考查介词短语辨析。would not be around为虚拟语气。thanks to多亏;regardless of不管,不顾;asid
6、e from除以外;but for要不是,常用于虚拟语气。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知选D项。本题四个备选项意义区别较大,考生在解题时既可以根据句意来进行判断,注意否定词not,也可以根据虚拟进行判断,注意would,由于四个备选项中只有but for与虚拟语气有关,相当于if it had not been for Thomas Edison,表示与过去事实相反。,6.(2014江苏,27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerfulin last years election.A.symbolB.
7、portraitC.identityD.statue,答案A句意:两年前她被软禁,但是在去年的选举中她仍然是一位影响力强大的代表人物。本题考查名词词义辨析。symbol(某一特性或思想的)代表,代表性的人物;portrait肖像;identity身份;statue雕像。根据句意symbol符合题意,故选A项。symbol常表示符号、象征、标志,此处引申为代表性的人物。解题时需要考生有较强的语言迁移能力和活用语言的能力。词汇的深层次含义或引申含义往往是从该词最基本的含义中引申出来的,因此考生应牢固掌握词汇的基本词义,并结合语境进行甄别。,7.(2014江苏,24)Tom always goes
8、jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay.A.in placeB.in orderC.in shapeD.in fashion,答案C句意:汤姆总是在清晨慢跑,也常常做些俯卧撑来保持健康。本题考查介词短语辨析。in place在正确的位置;in order妥当,适宜;in shape健康状况良好;in fashion流行。stay in shape保持健康,符合题意,故选C项。学生判断介词短语含义的时候,一般可以以短语中名词的含义为依据。由于shape经常表示形状、体型,与健康有一定关系,stay in sh
9、ape表示保持健康。,8.(2014江苏,34)Good families are much to all their members,butto none.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing,答案C句意:好的家庭对每个家庭成员意味着很多,但不是全部。本题考查不定代词。something某事,某物;anything任何东西,任何事物;everything所有事物,一切,每件事;nothing没有什么,没有一件东西。everything to none意为:对任何人都不意味着一切,符合题意,故选C项。本题充分体现了中英文表达习惯的不同。事实上本题
10、存在否定转移的问题,everything to none在意义上相当于not everything to anyone。,9.(2013江苏,33)With inspiration from other food cultures,American food culture can take afor the better.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead,答案C句意:受其他饮食文化的启发,美国的饮食文化有可能向更好的方向转变。本题考查名词词义辨析。share份额,股份;chance机会,可能;turn 变化,转变;lead榜样,领先地位。take a turn转变,符合
11、题意,故选C项。四个备选项均为常见词汇,基本含义明晰。此处turn作为名词,表示转变。对考生词汇活用的能力有较高的要求。,10.(2013江苏,26)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend.A.On account ofB.In response toC.In view of D.With regard to,答案D句意:我总是很高兴收到你的邮件,关于7月1日的聚会,我将乐意参加。本题考查介词短语辨析。on account
12、 of因为,由于;in response to对作出回应;in view of 由于,考虑到;with regard to关于。根据句意with regard to 符合题意,故选D项。介词短语一直是江苏高考的热点。英语中这类短语尽管用法简单,但是数量庞大,考生平时注意积累,掌握最基本的含义。解题时则需要充分理解语境,作出判断。,B组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组考点一名词1.(2016天津,10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slightof rain later tonight.A.effectB.senseC.chan
13、geD.chance,答案D句意:天气预报说今夜晚些时候天气将转阴,降雨的可能性不大。本题考查名词词义辨析。chance机会,可能性;effect效果;sense意识;change变化。此处chance与possibility意思相近,表示可能性,故选D项。,2.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your.A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status,答案C句意: 按时交电费很重要, 因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题
14、考查名词词义辨析。credit信用,信誉;condition条件,状况;income收入;status地位,身份。根据常识可知,晚交电费会影响信誉,而不会影响你的状况、收入或地位,故选C项。,3.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduceis to talk about feelings with some-one you trust.A.productionB.stressC.energyD.power,答案B句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。本题考查名词词义辨析。production产量,生产;stress压
15、力;energy能源,精力;power力量,权力。根据句意,压力才需要减少,故选B项。,4.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some and then let me know.A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority,答案A句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,认真考虑一下然后再让我知道。本题考查名词词义辨析。thought思考;support支持;protection保护;authority权威。give sth. thought 认真考虑某事,符合题意,故选A
16、项。,5.(2015福建,24)The failure was a bigto him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as en-thusiastic as ever.A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor,答案A句意:这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击,但他并未气馁,很快他就又像以前一样充满了热情。本题考查名词词义辨析。blow打击;issue问题;excuse借口;factor因素。失败给人打击,blow符合题意,故选A项。,6.(2015湖北,21)When he was running after his brother,t
17、he boy lost hisand had a bad fall.A.balanceB.chanceC.memoryD.place,答案A句意:这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡,重重地跌了一跤。本题考查名词词义辨析。balance平衡;chance机会,机遇;memory记忆;place地点,位置。lose balance失去平衡,符合语境。故选A项。,7.(2014浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to theof someone we know and like.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises,答案B句意:我们大
18、多数情况下更愿意答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。本题考查名词词义辨析。attempt尝试;request要求;doubt怀疑;promise承诺。根据句意可知选B项。,8.(2014福建,26)Could you tell me theof making such tasty cakes?Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick,答案D句意:你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗?哦,我只不过是按照烹饪书里的说明做的。本题考查名词词义辨析。feature特征;plan 计划;cost
19、费用;trick诀窍。根据句意选D项。,9.(2013湖北,22)Carbon dioxide,which makes abetween us and the sun,prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily,so the earth is becoming warmer.A.difference B.comparison C.connection D.barrier,答案D句意:二氧化碳,在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障,阻止热量轻易地从大气层散发出去,因此地球正变得更暖和。本题考查名词词义辨析。difference区别;co
20、mparison比较;connec-tion联系,连接;barrier障碍,符合句意。故选D项。,10.(2013天津,7)While she was in Paris,she developed afor fine art.A.wayB.relationC.tasteD.habit,答案C句意:在巴黎期间,她开始喜欢美术。本题考查名词词义辨析。way方式,方法;relation关系;habit习惯;taste爱好,嗜好,develop a taste for=start to like,符合题意,故选C项。,11.(2013辽宁,23)The accident caused someto m
21、y car,but its nothing serious.A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.damage,答案D句意:那场事故给我的车造成了一些损坏,但问题不严重。本题考查名词词义辨析。harm伤害,损害,常用于do harm to短语;injury伤害,常用于对人身体的伤害;ruin毁灭,废墟;damage损坏,cause some damage to对造成一些损坏,符合题意,故选D项。,考点二介词1.(2017天津,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will betrees that
22、 are over 1,000 years old.A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below,答案A句意:当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身于树龄超过1,000年的树木当中。本题考查介词辨析。根据句意可知,你置身于大量的树木当中,应用among“在之中”表示。against“反对”, behind“在后面”,below“在下面”。,2.(2017北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a livingfishing industry.A.atB.inC.onD.by,答案B句意:很多居住在沿海的人都从事捕鱼
23、业谋生。本题考查介词。根据句意,in在此处表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语义,故选择B项。,3.(2016浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow upinfluence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.A.onB.inC.atD.about,答案B句意: 这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本过程。本题考查介词。句中that引导的是宾语从句,we grow up为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,根据其先行词the cultur
24、es可知此处应用in。 in the cultures为一个抽象的地点状语,还可把介词in提前,构成in which=where引导定语从句。故选B项。,4.(2016天津,2)The dictionary is:many words have been added to the language since it was published.A.out of controlB.out of dateC.out of sightD.out of reach,答案B句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。考查介词短语辨析。out of control失控;out of
25、sight看不见;out of reach够不着;out of date过时,根据后文内容可知又增加了新的单词,因此原来的版本过时了,故选B项。,5.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because its unavoidable.,there are some people who ac-tually enjoy work.A.As a resultB.In additionC.By contrastD.In conclusion,答案C句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的,相比之下,还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。本题考查介词短语辨析。as a result结果;in a
26、ddition另外,而且;by contrast相比之下,对比而言;in conclusion总之。根据句意选C项。,6.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments that will bring a lot of changes for the better.A.out of dateB.out of orderC.around the clockD.around the corner,答案D句意:他们相信交通的发展就要到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。本题考查介词短语辨析。out of date过时;out o
27、f order杂乱无章;around the clock夜以继日;around the corner就要到来,符合题意,故选D项。,7.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to livenature.A.in view ofB.in need ofC.in touch withD.in harmony with,答案D句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和谐相处。本题考查介词短语辨析。in vie
28、w of鉴于,考虑到;in need of需要;in touch with和取得联系;in harmony with与协调,符合题意,故选D项。,8.(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn youthat if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in advanceB.in detailC.in totalD.in general,答案A句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。本题考查介词短语辨析。in advance提
29、前,事先;in detail详细地;in total总共;in general总体上。根据语境选A项。,9.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all havetheir schooldays is the school uniform.A.of B.on C.toD.with,答案A句意:他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本题考查介词。句中they all have为定语从句,修饰先行词memory,而of短语也是作定语修饰memory;on在上,关于;to到,向;with用,和。根据句意选A项。,10.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the
30、 warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68the average.A.belowB.onC.atD.above,答案D句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。本题考查介词。根据语境可知,此处应表示“在之上,高于”,故选D项。,11.(2014浙江,17)People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own cryingexpression.A.fromB.overC.withD.for,答案
31、D句意:当人们仍有很多自己的观点急于想要表达的时候,他们是不会注意你的。本题考查介词。cry for急于想要。根据句意选D。,12.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost wentthe road.A.onB.alongC.fromD.off,答案D句意:她在转弯处开得如此之快,以至于车差点偏离车道。本题考查介词。on 在上;along 沿着;from 从;off 离开,偏离。根据句意选D项。,13.(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple
32、 lifehis great wealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to,答案B句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生依然过着简朴的生活。本题考查介词。without 没有;despite 尽管;in 在里面;to 向,到,往。根据句意可知,此处表示转折,故选B项。,14.(2014浙江,18)Theres no reason to be disappointed.,this could be rather amusing.A.Above allB.As a resultC.In additionD.As a matter of fact,答案D句意:没有理
33、由失望。事实上,这件事非常有趣。本题考查介词短语辨析。above all最重要的是;as a result结果;in addition另外,均不符合句意。as a matter of fact=in fact事实上,符合题意,故选D项。,15.(2014福建,22)Our club is open to everyoneage,sex or educational background.A.due toB.except forC.along withD.regardless of,答案D句意:我们的俱乐部对所有人开放,不分年龄、性别和教育背景。本题考查介词短语辨析。due to由于;excep
34、t for除了以外;along with和一起;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意选D项。,16.(2014江西,25)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.,it could just put you in debt.A.In other wordsB.All in allC.As a resultD.On the other hand,答案D句意:创建自己的公司可能是你获得经济独立的一个途径。另一方面,它也可能会让你负债累累。本题考查介词短语辨析。in othe
35、r words 换句话说;all in all 总之;as a result 结果;on the other hand另一方面。根据句意选D项。,17.(2013福建,29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are alwayswhenever she tries to.A.in the wayB.on watchC.in sightD.on the line,答案A句意:史密斯太太觉得很难把搞乱的东西收拾好,因为无论她什么时候试图整理,她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。本题考查介词短语辨析。in the way挡道
36、,阻碍;on watch值班,守夜;in sight看得见;on the line冒风险。根据句意选A项。,18.(2013课标,34)It was a real racetime to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.A.overB.byC.forD.against,答案D句意:完成这项工程真的是在与时间赛跑。幸运的是,我们成功了。本题考查介词。over在上面;by被,由,经由;for支持,赞成;against反对,违背,符合题意,故选D项。,考点三代词1.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system
37、 in the US is not very different fromin the UK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it,答案A句意: 在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。本题考查代词。that可替代特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词,此处指代the education system;this指代下文中要提到的内容;one替代泛指的可数名词单数;it替代同类同物。故选A项。,2.(2015福建,21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,butcontained any usefu
38、l suggestions.A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither,答案D 句意:这个研究小组根据那项调查作出了两个报告,但没有一个包含任何有用的建议。本题考查代词。all三者或三者以上都;none三者或三者以上都不;either两者中的任何一个;neither两者都不,根据题干中的two reports及but可知neither符合题意,故选D项。,3.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,butis useful to my knowledge.A.nothingB.no oneC.neitherD.none,答案D句意:Niki
39、总是会有很多想法,但是据我所知没有一个是有用的。本题考查代词。nothing没有什么,表示泛指;no one没有一个人;neither两者都不;none没有一个,此处none相当于no idea,故选D项。,4.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against.A.anotherB.the otherC.otherD.either,答案B句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在火前面光着(两只)脚互相摩擦。本题考查代词。another三者以上的另一个;other不能
40、单独使用,可与定冠词连用或后接名词;either两者中的一个;the other两者中的另一个,故选B项。,5.(2015浙江,12)How would you likeif you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it,答案D句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关上,你觉得怎样?本题考查代词。it在句中作形式宾语,指代后面句子的内容。故
41、选D项。,6.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,makingthe driest year since California became a state in 1850.A.eachB.itC.thisD.one,答案B句意:去年加利福尼亚的平均降水量只有18.75厘米,使得这一年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。本题考查代词。此处it指last year。故选B项。,7.(2014大纲全国,25)Whos that at the door?is the milkman.A.HeB.ItC.
42、ThisD.That,答案B句意:门口的那个人是谁?是送牛奶的人。本题考查代词。用于指某人时常用it。故选B项。,8.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all,答案B句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。本题考查不定代词。此处others=other countries。others常和some连用,表示“一些,另一些”,故选B项。,9.(2014安徽,24)You can ask an
43、yone for help.here is willing to lend you a hand.A.OneB.No oneC.EveryoneD.Someone,答案C句意:你可以找任何人帮忙。这儿的每一个人都愿意帮助你。本题考查不定代词。one泛指一个人;no one没有人;everyone每一个人;someone某一个人。根据句意可知选C。,10.(2013课标,14)Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holi-day but we cant do.A.othersB.eith
44、erC.anotherD.both,答案D句意:这是二者择其一的局面我们要么今年买辆新车,要么去度假,但是不能二者兼顾。本题考查不定代词。both用于否定句表示部分否定,意为“不是两者都”;others另一些;either(两者中的)任何一个;another又一,再一。根据句意选D项。,11.(2013天津,12)At our factory there are a few machines similar todescribed in this maga-zine.A.themB.theseC.thoseD.ones,答案C句意:在我们工厂有几台机器和这本杂志里描述的那些机器相似。本题考查代
45、词。首先可将题干改为:At our factory there are a few machines similar to the machines described in this magazine.然后考虑用those替代特指的复数名词(the machines),以避免重复。故选C项。,12.(2013重庆,31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is.A.anotherB.the otherC.one anotherD.one,答案A句意:(废品)回收是保护环境的一种方式,而循环利用是保护环境的另外一种方式
46、。本题考查不定代词。another再一,又一;the other两者中的另外一个;one another彼此,相互。保护环境的方法不止两个,故选A项。,C组教师专用题组考点一名词1.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide hiswhen he went to carry out the secret task.A.emotionB.talentC.identityD.treasure,答案C句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名字。本题考查名词词义辨析。emotion情感;talent天赋;identity身份;treasure珍宝,宝物。根据语境可知答案为C项。,
