1、一、一般现在时1 表示反复发生的动作She often gets up at 6:30. 她通常 6 点半起床。2 表示现在的状态和主语的特征She speaks Chinese. 她说中文。/She likes computer games. 她喜欢电脑游戏。/Does Molly live here? 莫莉住这里吗？3 表示客观真理，科学事实，自然现象The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. / Hydrogen is a light gas. 氢气是一种很轻的气体。/He who laughs last who laughs best
2、. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。/A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难识知己。4 表示按照时间表，计划，规定，将要发生的动作The final exams take place next week. 期末考试下周举行。/Our trip starts from Jinan tomorrow and finishes up in Mount Tai the day after tomorrow. 我们的旅行明天从济南开始，后天在泰山结束。5 在时间或条件状语从句代替一般将来时I will discuss with you when we meet next t
3、ime. 下次见面时咱们再讨论这个问题。/ We will leave for home as soon as the meeting is over tomorrow. 明天会议一结束，我们就回家。/A doctor must wash his hands before an operation begins. 医生在手术前必须洗手。/I will be happy if you all come. 如果你们都来，我将会很高兴。二、一般过去时 1 表示过去发生过的动作I got up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurri
4、ed to school. 我早早起了床，洗完脸，迅速地吃完早饭，匆忙上学去了。/The fire broke out during the night. 大火发生在夜间。/ I forgot to bring my calculator. 我忘了带计算机来。2 表示主语过去的状态或特征It was rainy last week. 上星期多雨。/Julia jumped higher than boys when she was a girl. 茱莉娅小时候跳得比男孩高。/She was a taxi driver years ago.几年前她是个出租司机。3 表示过去经常反复发生的动作Pe
5、ter often played basketball when he was in college. 彼得大学经常打篮球。She rode a bike for half an hour every morning when she was young. 她年轻时每天早晨骑半个小时自行车。4 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将来时Mary said that she would give me the book if she saw me. 玛丽说她如果看到我，就把书还给我。/She promised that she would not tell their mother about it
6、when their mother came back. 她答应当他们的妈妈回来，她不会把这件事情告诉她。三、一般将来时1、shall+动词原形 （第一人称）I shall leave for Canada next Friday. 我下周五去加拿大。/We shall tell you the truth. 我们将告诉你真相。will +动词原形 （各种人称）We will know the result tomorrow. 明天我们就会知道结果。 /Dick will be on duty next Monday. 迪克下周一值日。/Will you be free this evenin
7、g? 你明天晚上有空吗？事物的固然属性、必然趋势Fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死。表示将来、有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town? No, I will go and visit him right now. 你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了么？不知道，我现在就去看他。3 be going to 口语“计划、打算要做某事” ，表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上讲话。Look at the d
8、ark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云，要下雨了。was going to 过去本打算做某事，但没有做Tom, you didnt go to the party last night？ I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 汤姆，你昨天晚上没来参加聚会吗？我本打算要来的，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。4 be about to do/on the point of“立即的将来” ，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when 引出的分句连用The tr
9、ain is about to start at that time /when she arrives. 她到达的时候，火车正好要开。The plane is on the point of taking off. 飞机马上就要起飞了。5. 可用现在进行时 表示按预想、计划、近期安排将要发生的动作come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, fly, stop, meetIm leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要去北京。The car is stopping in a few seconds. 汽车在几秒钟内就会停下。Im
10、 meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon. 今天下午我去机场接彼得。Laura is flying to America this Wednesday. 罗拉这星期三飞往美国。6. 一般现在时表示将来（1）按照计划或时刻表要发生的事The new library opens next month. 新图书馆下月开放。The plane takes off at 3 oclock. 飞机于下午 3 点起飞。（2）在条件状语从句与时间状语从句中表示一般将来时If you leave tomorrow, I will see you off at th
11、e airport. 如果你明天走，我会到机场送你。7be to +动词原形（1）按计划或安排要做的事情She is to get married next month.她将于下月结婚。The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time. 女王将于一周后访问日本。was/were to do (1)表示曾经计划要做的事I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。(2)表示命运They said goodbye, little k
12、nowing that they were never to meet again. 他们告了别，一点也没想到以后再也不会见面了。was/were to have done 表示未曾实现的计划We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。（2）应该You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。What is to be done?（3） “想、打算 ”相当于 intend, wantIf we are to be there before ten, well have to
13、go now. 如果我们要在 10 点前到那儿， 我们现在就得走。四、过去将来时从过去的某个时间点看将来要发生的事一般用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后助动词形式同一般将来时类似would do，should dowas/were going towas/were about to do Mary said that she would give me the book if she saw me. 玛丽说她如果看到我，就把书还给我。The teacher said that we should/would have a test the next day.
14、老师说我们次日将有一次测验。The girl said that her aunt was coming to our city soon. 女孩告诉我她阿姨就要来我们城市。I was about to turn on the computer when the electricity cut off. 我正要打开电脑的时候，停电了。五、现在进行时1、说话时正在进行的动作They are getting on the bus now. 他们正在上公共汽车。/He is walking towards the plane. 他正朝飞机走去。/Look, they are playing vide
15、o games. 看，他们在玩电子游戏。I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了（我就走） 。I am reading the book; I will finish it in a week. 我正读那本书，一周后我就会读完了。2、目前一阶段正在进行（说话时不在进行）Bob is learning Chinese painting these days. 鲍勃这几天在学中国画。 /We are making model plan
16、es this week. 我们这个星期在做飞机模型。They are staying at a hotel in Shanghai. 他们住在上海的一家酒店。3、表示特定的情感，赞扬，同情，不满等句子经常含有 constantly, always, continually, forever 等关键词He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。She is constantly disturbing me.系表结构用于进行时一时的表现 foolish, nice, careful, patient, lazy, impolite, unple
17、asant, energetic, lovely 表示性质、品质的词系表结构进行时Tom is being a little impoliteWhy are you being so foolish?不用于进行时态（1）感官动词： look, see, listen to, hear, sound, smell, taste, feelThe soup tastes good. 这汤尝起来味道不错。两个注意点feel 可以用现在进行时和一般现在时表示说话时此刻的感觉。How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样？ Im not feeling well today.
18、我今天不舒服。 I feel dizzy. I must go and see the doctor today. 我感到头晕。我必须去看医生。see 与 look at， hear 与 listen tosee 与 hear 表结果， look at 与 listen to 表过程Do you see a nail on the wall? 你看见墙上有个钉子吗？I am looking at the nail on the wall. 我正在看墙上的钉子。I hear a strange noise from the car engine. 我听见汽车发动机发出奇怪的声音 The car
19、repairer is listening to the noise from the car engine. 汽车修理员在听汽车发动机发出的声音。（2）感情类：表示长期稳定的情感或心理状态的动词like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, want, need, wish, hope, know, understand, remember, believe, guess, mean, thinkI love my father and my mother. 我爱我的父母。I hope you will enjoy your meal. 我希望你这顿饭吃得高兴
20、。感情类动词转化为动作动词，可用于现在进行时He is seeing his friend off at the station. 他正在车站给朋友送行。This problem is hard. We are all thinking hard.这个问题很难，我们都在苦苦思索。We are hearing a talk on the history of America.我们正在听关于美国历史的报告。We are showing them around our school. 我们带领他们参观学校。He is fitting a door. 他在安装门。（3）特别强调： belong toT
21、hose books belong to Mr. Li. 这些书是李先生的。七、过去进行时1过去某一具体时刻发生的动作He was doing shopping this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在购物。What were you doing this time last night? 你昨天晚上这个时候在做什么？At that moment, we were having dinner together.那个时候，我们正在一起吃晚饭。2过去某一阶段正在进行的动作Peter and Sam were playing chess the whole afternoon y
22、esterday.彼得和萨姆昨天一下午在下棋。We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday.我们昨天从九点到十一点在开会。3、时间状语从句：从句过去进行时表示背景，主句一般过去时表示动作While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. 我在看电视时，电话铃响了。As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. 我们正要离开，我们的几个朋友到了。I was just leaving for work when he came to see me.
23、 他来看我时，我正要离开去上班。When we were playing in the playground, it began to rain. 我们正在操场上玩的时候，天下起了雨。4 表示礼貌I was wondering if we could have dinner together. 不知道我们能否一起吃个饭。I was hoping that you could help me. 真希望你能帮我。I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi. 我在想他或许可以坐出租车去。八、将来进行时1、现在将来进行时：从现在看将来某时间正在进行的动作。This
24、 time tomorrow well be flying to Paris. 明天这个时候我们将飞往巴黎。The President will be visiting us next week. 总统下周来看我们。2、过去将来进行时：从过去看将来某时间正在进行的动作。I never thought that I would be working in New York. 我从未想过将来有一天会在纽约工作。He told us that he would be having a meeting the next day. 他告诉我们他第二天将在开会。九、现在完成时1I have already
25、 sent him a Christmas card. 我已经给他寄出去了圣诞卡。I have not yet sent you the letter. 我还没给你寄信。They have just bought a new house. 他们刚买了新房子。Has he come to see you yet? 他来看你了吗？Jane has tied up her study. 简已经收拾好了她的书房。2We have learned English for about three years. 我们学英语差不多三年了。They have stayed in this hotel since
26、 last Tuesday. 他们从上个星期二一直住在这家旅馆。He has been in the army for four years. 他在部队四年了。Peter has been ill for almost a month. 彼得病了近一个月了。Weve been good friends since we were very young. 我们从小就是好朋友。3I have visited Shanghai at least four times. 我已经去上海至少四次了。Have you ever seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？I have never be
27、en abroad. 我从没到过国外。4.I have read about twenty pages this morning. 今天上午我已经读了近 20 页。They have done a lot of work since they came here. 自从他们到这儿来，他们做了大量的工作。5. Mother wont let her watch TV until she has done her homework. 母亲要她做完作业才让她看电视。The dinner party will begin after all guests have arrived. 所有的客人到后，宴
28、会才开始。You shouldnt leave school before youve finished your assignments. 做不完作业不能离开学校。Once you have promised, you should keep it. 一旦许下诺言，务必遵守。As long as you have cleaned all windows, you are allowed to play. 只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。6 It/This is + the first/second time (that)This is the first time (that) I h
29、ave come here.This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk.7. 瞬间动词与持续性动词买 buyhave, 借 borrowkeep, 结婚 get marriedbe married, 认识 get to knowknow, 离开 leavebe away, 回来 come backbe back, 生病 fall illbe ill, 死亡 diebe dead, 关闭 turn offbe off, 打开 turn onbe on, 动身 leave forbe off to, 变成 becomebe, 返回 returnbe
30、back, 开始 beginbe on, 睡觉 go to bedsleep, 穿 put onhave on/wear, 来/去 come/gobe in/away, 参加 joinbe a member of, 感冒 take/get/catch a coldhave a cold, 入睡 go to sleepbe asleep, 到达 get to/arrive in (at)/reachbe inShe has become a well-known writer. （）I have bought a calculator. （）I have bought a calculator
31、for a week.（）I have had the calculator for a week.瞬时性动词的否定结构可以与“for+时间段”连用I havent met my English teacher/teacher of English for a year. 我有一年没见到我的英语老师了。He hasnt returned to his hometown for about ten years. 他约有十年没回家乡了。We havent heard from him for a long time. 我们好长时间没收到他的信了。+ since He has worked in t
32、his restaurant since July. 自七月以来他在这家饭店工作。I have made great progress since he came to teach us English.I havent seen a film since school began.We havent written to each other since we left school.8. It is six weeks since they came here. It is two weeks since he left for America. 9. Ill stay till he c
33、omes.I wont leave until he comes.They went on working till supper time.They didnt stop working till supper time. Well wait until day breaks.We wont set out until day break. 十、过去完成时1She found that she had left her luggage on the bus. 她发现自己的行李落在公共汽车上。She had learned some English before she came to the
34、 institute. 她来这个机构前持续性动词的现在完成时瞬时性动词的现在完成时（否定式）已经学过一些英语了。2He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here.在他搬来这里之前，他在那家工厂已经工作五年。I had been the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 公共汽车来之前，我在车站已经等了 20 分钟。By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了 3 年英语了。Until then
35、 he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。3 By the end of the year, we had planted many trees in our neighbourhood.She said that she had been to Shanghai.4 hope, wish, plan, want, mean, intend, attempt, thought, expect, supposeI had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train.我本
36、希望昨晚回来的，但没有赶上火车。I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy. 我本打算去参加聚会的，可太忙了。The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him. 男孩本想进来的，但老师拒绝了。We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was rained. 我们昨天本打算野餐的，但天一直下雨。5I had hardly answer the question when he interrupted me. 我正要
37、回答老师的问题，他就打断我。Scarcely had Rosa heard the news when she burst into tears. 罗莎一听到这个消息就哭了。We had no sooner arrived than we started singing and dancing. 我们一到就开始唱歌跳舞。No sooner had I seen him than I ask him about the matter. 我一看到他就问他那件事。6It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有十年没那么高兴过了
38、。It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。That was the first time I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格。十一、将来完成时by + 将来某个时间By this time of next year, you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。十二、过去完成进行时强调到现在还在进行、带有感情色彩Live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, sta
39、nd, rest, study, Recently, since, forAll night, all the morning, all this time, all this week, this monthI have been living here since 2000. 2000 年以来我一直住在这。Ive been working all morning. 我已经工作一上午了。How long have been working in this company? 你在这家公司工作多久了？Youve been saying for a year that you will study
40、 abroad. 你一整年都在说要去留学。Youve been losing your things all the time. 你一直在丢东西。I have been seeing Professor Brown recently. 我最近频频见到布郎教授。I have been looking forwards for your letter for a whole week. 我一个星期来一直期待你的来信。I have been waiting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。注意事项：1、动词时态呼应主将从现2、时态比较一般过去时&现在完成时一般过去时&过去完成时一般过去时&过去进行时过去完成时&现在完成时
