1、英语阅读理解解题策略,现象与问题,细节判断不准确 推理猜测入陷阱 主旨概括不到位 两种态度辨不清,生词多义是障碍 个别句子弄不明 文章整体抓不住 质量速度把不平,解题方法和技巧,阅读习惯和策略,阅读能力,应试能力,教学思路,分析题干能力训练,长难句理解的能力训练,体裁分析能力训练,猜词能力训练,猜答案能力训练,教学安排,高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体，即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。,体裁分析能力,论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种： 1)Which of the foll
2、owing is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? 4) The author mentions all of the following except . . . 5) The reason for . . .is . . . 6) The author states that . . .
3、7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) . 8)From the passage we know that _. 9)In the passage, the author states that _. 10)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _. 11)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? 12)Which of the fo
4、llowing statement is NOT true? 13)When did the author begin to _? 14)Who was the first one to tell the story? 15)From the text, we learn that_?,分析题干能力,如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有： 1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2）The word “it（them）“in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underli
5、ned sentence in the last paragraph means _ 4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5）What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？,分析题干能力,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：1) It can be inferred from the text that _. 2) From the text we know that _. 3) The stor
6、y implies that _. 4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5) The writers attitude toward.is _. 6)The author implied（suggested）that 7)We can infer from the passage that 8)It may be concluded from the passage that 9)Which of the following statements does the passage support？ 10
7、)According to the passage, which of the following is true(false)？ 11)With which of the following does the author agree？ 12)What does the passage say about？,分析题干能力,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）The general idea of the passage is about _ 2）The main idea of the article is _ 3）The main purpose of this selection is
8、_ 4）The passage suggests that _ 5）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？ 6）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 7）The passage is mostly about _ 8）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 9）Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage？ 10）What is th
9、e main point made in the passage？ 11）What is the main topic of the passage？ 12）What is the best title for the passage？ 13）Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？ 14）From the passage we may conclude that _ 15）This article mainly tells about the story of _ 16）The subject discussed in
10、this text is _,分析题干能力,考作者观点态度的提问方式有： 1) What is the authors attitude towards _. 2) In the passage the authors attitude towards “ is _. 3)The author seems to think that _. 4)The writer is trying to present a point of view in _. 5)The author wants to appeal to _ . 6)The authors style is _ . 7)The auth
11、ors tone would be best described as _ . 8)What is the authors opinion of _? 9)The writer believe that_? 10) What is the authors main purpose in the passage? 11) The main purpose of writing this text is_? 12）In the authors opinion_?,分析题干能力,理解难句、复杂句的技巧 1. 单词、形式肯定、意义否定 fail, miss, refuse, few, little,
12、hardly, seldom, except, unless 2. 词组、形式肯定、意义否定 tooto, too.for, far from, free from, short of, keep from, protect.from, keep off, instead of, out of, rather than, other than, but for, anything but 3. 词组、形式否定、意义肯定 nothing but, no. but, no. other than 4、 too.to，前加only，all，but，表肯定to前加not如：He was too exc
13、ited not to speak.能讲话。 5、You can never be too careful，越小心越好。,长难句理解的能力,6. I have never seen a better film. 7、部分否定与全部否定(all, both, every, each，always，completely) +not 8、否定转移I dont think (believe，suppose，expect) 9、两种否定意义He didnt come because he was ill. 10、否定名词代替否定动词I have no money. No one came here 11
14、、词序的改变影响词义 hard work，work hard 12、一句多义I found him out我找出他来了(或我发现他不在)。 13、后置定语-分词，不定式，介词短语，从句，副词 14、连接词的重要性 15、段落主题句，第一句或最后一句 for example前,长难句理解的能力,短句理解困难的主要原因有以下几点： A句子倒装： B虚拟语气： C比较级与最高级： D双重否定： E语义隐晦： F习惯用语：,长难句理解的能力,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began to read 根据常识，我们可以猜出
15、“spectacles“的意思是“眼镜“。,猜词能力,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有： 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 。例如： The harbor（港口）is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 根据定义，港口是由延伸到海水里的大墙保护的，所以，“jetty“的大概意思是“防波堤“。 2利用事例或解释猜生词 。例如： The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 从other diseases of the eye可以判断出“glauc
16、oma“指的是“一种眼睛疾病“。 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词 。例如： Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late 根据neither early nor late这一解释,可以推断出“punctually“ 的意思是“准时地，守时地,猜词能力,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice 从破折号后的解释可猜出vocalizin
17、g指“低声对他们自己说“。,（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择 文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。,猜词能力,（五）根据转折或对比关系进行判断 根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。,(六) 根据因果关系进行判断俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结
18、果也可以找出原因。,（七）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 如“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Mary said，“and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject 文中interactive是由前缀inter-（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）而
19、构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的“,反问法；绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible
20、, whether or, not necessarily 等。关键词对应法 选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。,猜答案能力,较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。 A. to be more successful in his career B. to solve technical problems C. to be more specialized in his field D. to develop his professional skill B“解决技术问题”；C“深化专业”；D“发展职业技能”。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。,猜答案能力,
