1、不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语：1.不定式作 主 语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 为形式主语 )有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加 for 引起的短语,即 for +名词/ 代词宾格+不定式。It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益某些表示人的
2、品行的形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right,unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite 等)作表语时不定式前常可用of 引起的短 语 ,既 be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格 +不定式.It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误2. 不定式作 宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结
3、构为动词+不定式。 afford aim agree arrange ask decidepromise care choose demand desire determineexpect hate hope fail help learnlong mean manage offer plan pretendrefuse intend bother tend 3.不定式作 宾语补 足 语 不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask, tell, invite,
4、force,advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,permit 等.但在 make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带 to. 在 help 后不定式可以 带 to,也可以不带 toThe boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活Will you help me (to
5、) plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？ 4. 不定式作 定 语 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词I use a pen to write with. 5. 不定式作 表 语 Disneys greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6.不定式作 状 语 不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原
6、因To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的)She went aboard never to return. (结果)I was surprised to see him there.(原因)不定式的否定形式否定式的否定形式是在不定式符号 to 前加 not 构成He decided not to go home.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词 who, which, what, when, where, how, whether 等后接不定式,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语.表语.宾语等。When to start has not bee
7、n decided.（主语）I dont know what to choose.（宾语）The question is how to put the plan into practice.（表语）动词不定式省略 to 的情况1. 在助动词或情态动词后面May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗 ?2. 在 make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to , look at 等动词后(作宾语补足语)Let me hear you play the piano. 让我听你演奏钢琴吧。3. 在 wh
8、y 引起的某些问句中Why turn off the gas? 为什么不再试一下？4. 在 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, do nothing but 等结构后面He cant but agree (他不得不同意 )He would rather /sooner die than surrender(他宁死不屈)My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive (我妈妈没办法,只
9、好等医生来)5. 在 “Will you please + 动词不定式” 一类表示邀 请或命令的句型中Will you please bring me some chicken? 请给我带 点鸡肉来好吗?6. 在 “Why” 或 “Why not” 一类表示建议的句型中Why not join us? (= Why wont you join us?) 为什么不加入到我们中来吗?7. 在介词 except, but 之后,如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式,不定式一般不带 to,反之则带 toThere is nothing to do except wait till it stops rai
10、ning (没办法,只好等雨停了)There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining (没办法,只好等雨停了)8. 当作宾语的不定式再次出现时,为了避免重复,不定式往往省略,只保留不定式符号 to.常出现在下列动词后:want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try ,hate 等You dont have to eat if you dont want to.如果你不想吃,就不必吃了-Have you listened to the music? 你听了那首曲子了 吗?-No, but I plan to 没
11、有,但我打算听I.句型转换1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.It is impossible _such a heavy box.2. It happened that you had known each other before.You happened _each other before.3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.The progress _ is of great importance.4. The b
12、oss made the workers work all night.The workers were _all night.5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When _ the meeting is still to be discussed.6. It seemed they were writing something for somebody.They seemed _something for somebody.7. I find that it is difficult to speak En
13、glish well.I find _to speak English well.8. Jane doesnt know how she can improve her Chinese.Jane doesnt know_ improve her Chinese.9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again.The girl got up earlier_ be late again.10. We found the lesson was difficult to understand.We found the le
14、sson _.II.单项选择1. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_?A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in making the earth a better place to live.A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to
15、be playing3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.A to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen4. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it
16、D. to do what with it5. - How do deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _the problem is to meet the demand_ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve ; made6. In order to gain a bigger share in the international mark
17、et , many state-run companies are striving _ their product more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting8. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to
18、have planted more tree B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more tree D. we must plant more trees9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 10. _ you the truth, I didnt want to tell you abo
19、ut it.A. To tell B. Telling C. To be told D. Told11. Let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told12._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having13. In order to improve Englis
20、h, _.A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father14. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B to study C. to be studying D. to
21、 have been studying15. Her mother told her not to _, _ would be bad for her health.A. keep up; what B. keep up; which C. stay up; which D. stay up; what1. The poor girl was so frightened that she could do nothing but_there_.A stand; weep B stand;weeping C to stand;to weep D stood;wept2. The task the
22、y gave me is quite difficult to_.A do B be done C be finished D deal3. Paul doesnt have to be made_.He always works hard.A learn B to learn C learned D learning4. I hope _sucessful this time.A him to be B to be C that he be D it to be5. When the village was flooded,the last man_his house was my uncl
23、e.A left B to leave C leaving D being left6. Tom kept silent about the accident_lose the job.A so not as to B so as not to C so as to not D not so as to7. Will you be able to attend the lecture_next week.A giving B given C to be given D being given8. Helen had to shout_above the sound of the music.A
24、 making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 9. The fat boy was made_more exercise to lose weight.A taking B take C to take D to takng10. Little Jim should love_to the theatre this evening.A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking11. There are so ma
25、ny kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind_to buy.A what B which C how D where12. It is foolish _such a mistake.A for him to make B for him making C of him making D of him to make13. It is easy_one to pick up English in Britain.A of B for C to D in14. I find these problems are ea
26、sy _.A to be worked out B to work them out C to work out D to be worked them out15. Robert is said _abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying16. The patient was warned_oily food after the operation.A to eat not B eating no
27、t C not to eat D not eating17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.A not to B not to do C not do it D do not to18. _more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789A To find out B Finding out C Find out D Having found out19. People cant help_the foolish and th
28、e lazy succeed.A to make B making C get D getting20. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_it more difficult.A not make B not to make C not making D do not make21. I usually go there by train. Why not_by boat for a change?A to try going B to try and go C trying to go D try going22.
29、 _,I can speak very little English.A Tell you the truth B The truth to tell C To tell the truth D Truth telling23. With some books badly needed_,she hurried to the bookstore.A buying B bought C to buy D buy24. Have you checked all the CDs_to the mountainous area next week?A sent B to be sent C sendi
30、ng D being sent25. Pleasant as they made it_,we felt tired after the long journey.A to travel B travel C traveled D traveling26. The director had the assistant_some hot dogs for the meeting.A picked up B picks up C pick up D picking up27. Shall we go outing this weekend?Oh,with all this work_,I dont
31、 know if Ill have time to go out.A to do B doing C done D do28._a better education, one must work harder.A Get B Getting C Got D To get29. Rather than_everything to the last minute,he always prefers_early.A leave,start B leaving,start C leave,to start D to leave,starting30. Last summer holiday,I wen
32、t back to my hometown,_the neighbours and the house_I used to be familiar with were gone.A only finding,which B only to find,that C to find,whom D found,that动词不定式作宾语：1). Im very busy this week and cant afford _ (see) two films.2). I aim _ (be) a lawyer. 3). They agreed _ (give) it to me the next day
33、.4). I will arrange _ (do) as you wish.5). They ask _ (meet) you alone.6). She decided _ (live) in London.7). He chose not _ (reply).8). She demanded _ (see) the headmaster.9). The boss demanded that Mary _ (finish) it within a week.10). She desired _ (marry) a rich man.11). She determined _ (go) th
34、at very afternoon.12). He was determined _ (win) the game.13). I hope _ (see) you and your family soon.14).The driver failed _ (see) the other car in time. 15).Write out this word ten times so that you learn how _ (spell) it.16). Do you mean _ (go) without money?17). How did you manage _ (get) their
35、 approval（同意，批准，支持）?18). He offered _ (help) me. 19). Were planning _ (visit) London this summer.20). He doesnt pretend _ (be) a genius.21). The engine refused _ (start).22). He expected _ (finish) the work by March.23). She hates _ (be) late for work.24). I intended _(catch) the early train, but I didnt get up in time.25). She tends _ (get) angry when others disagree with her.26). You neednt bother _ (come) to my office.27). She longed _ (return) home.28). I dont care _ (go) out.29). It promises _(be) fine tomorrow.30). He promised _ (help) us.
