1、课程设计 电动葫芦 外文翻译2017.8钢丝绳电动葫芦作为一种轻小型起重设备，广泛用于国民经济各个领域，而国内钢丝绳电动葫芦近几年的发展却十分缓慢。上世纪 60 年代到 70 年代初，我国从前苏联引进了 Tv 型钢丝绳电动葫芦，70 年代初我国自行设计了 CD1 型钢丝绳电动 葫芦取代 Tv 型钢丝绳电动葫芦，至目前为止 CD1 型钢丝绳电动葫芦在国内生产制造、使用已达 30 多年的历史。其间，曾有一些厂家引进国外先进的生产制造技术，但均未获得广泛的推广应用。钢丝绳电动葫芦技术水平在国内发展迟缓，其原因是多方面的，国内钢丝绳电动葫芦企业生产、制造水平及配套的机械、电气及标准件技术基础较低，近
2、20 年来，国内经济体制由计划经济转向市场经济，许多国营企业在转制初期不可能将大量的资金投入到产品开发上， CD1 型钢丝绳电动葫芦目前仍有一定的市场占有率。近年来，国外的钢丝绳电动葫芦技术水平发展很快。随着我国加入 WTO，外资企业纷纷打进中国市场，国外钢丝绳电动葫芦对国内产品的冲击将越来越大。国内低价、低档次的产品，已不再有广泛的市场，用户对产品的性价比越来越重视。所以，国内钢丝绳电动葫芦如不很快地适应国内、国际市场的要求进行产品更新换代，将很快被淘汰。CD1 型钢丝绳电动葫芦能在国内市场使用近 30 多年，有其成功的方面，但是在其使用过程也暴露了一些亟待改进的不足。小车上机构的布置及同一
3、机构中各零件间的配合要求适当，起升机构和小车运行机构二者之间的距离不应太小，否则维修不便，或造成小车架难以设计；但也不应太大，否则小车就不紧凑。 小车车轮的轮压分布要求均匀。且要求获得最小的车轮、轴及轴承箱的尺寸，并且使起重机桥架主梁上受到均匀的载荷。一般最大轮压不应超过平均轮压的 20%。小车架上的机构与小车架配合要恰当。在设计原则上，要以机构为主，尽量用小车去配合机构；同时机构的布置也要尽量使钢结构的设计制造方便。因为小车架是为了安置与支承起升机构和小车运行机构的，所以小车架要按照起升和运行机构的要求设计，但在不影响机构工作的前提下，机构的布置也应配合小车架的设计，使其构造简单、合理和便于
4、制造。电动葫芦的工作原理是：先启动起升电动机，把重物起升到适当的高度，再启动运行电动机把重物运到指定的位置，运行小车在单工字钢梁的下缘行走。行走时采用一个电动机驱动运行小车两边的车轮。由于行走速度比较小，因此运行小车一般不设制动机构。运行小车在行走时，为防止重物下降，在起升机构上设置了一个电磁制动器。制动是依靠弹簧的压力把内、外盘压紧，原理与摩擦离合器相似，松开时利用电磁铁通电以后吸住外盘而使内、外盘松开。电磁制动器的电路与起升电机的电路并联，因此只要起升电机一启动，电磁制动器松开，使重物上、下升降自如；当电动机关闭时，则电磁制动器也断电，电磁吸引力消失，在弹簧的压力作用下，内外盘紧紧压住，起
5、到制动的作用。电动葫芦的跑车机构也称为运行机构，即行走小车的结构设计。在设计行走小车结构的同时我们应当考虑多个因素，必须力求满足以下几方面要求：a 小车与工字钢横梁的配合要恰当。小车与工字钢横梁的互相配合，主要在于：小车轨距（车轮中心平面间的水平距离）和工字钢上的小车轨距应相同；其次在于：小车上的缓冲器与桥架上的挡铁位置要配合好，小车上的撞尺和工字钢上的行程限位开关要配合恰当。小车的平面布置应紧凑，高度要小，相应地可使起重机的高度减小，从而降低了厂房建筑物的高度。b 小车上机构的布置及同一机构中各零件间的配合要求适当。起升机构和小车运行机构二者之间的距离不应太小，否则维修不便，或造成小车架难以
6、设计；但也不应太大，否则小车就不紧凑。 c 小车车轮的轮压分布要求均匀。且要求获得最小的车轮、轴及轴承箱的尺寸，并且使起重机桥架主梁上受到均匀的载荷。一般最大轮压不应超过平均轮压的 20%。d 小车架上的机构与小车架配合要恰当,在设计原则上，要以机构为主，尽量用小车去配合机构；同时机构的布置也要尽量使钢结构的设计制造方便。因为小车架是为了安置与支承起升机构和小车运行机构的，所以小车架要按照起升和的布置也应配合小车架的设计，使其构造简单、合理和便于制造,尽量选用标准零部件，以提高设计与制造的工作效率，降低生产成本,小车各部分的设计应考虑制造、安装和维护检修方便，尽可能保证各部件拆下修理时而不须移
7、动相邻的部件。The present paper first introduced the YXA3132 gear-hobbing machine beds electric control systems characteristic, then to the YXA3132 gear-hobbing machine beds engine bed control work situation, the electrical system, electrical operation showing has carried on the concrete study including so
8、me protective system and the part active channel. Has conducted systems analytical study in the paper to the traditional relay - contact device electric control system, proposed the good transformation plan.Through applies the programmable controller the control system to complete the relay and so o
9、n control function, realizes the control simplicity,operation convenient. This improvement program elaborates from control systems hardware design and the software design two aspects. In the hardware design aspect, to the original relays replace, the electrical choice and the electrical control syst
10、ems wiring design has given the detailed explanation; In the software design aspect, according to programmings request from the YXA3132 gear-hobbing machine beds work requirement, the sequence of operation, design proposals contrast, the trapezoidal chart, the directive statement table and so on dif
11、ferent aspect carries on the explanation. Finally has carried on the simple elaboration to the PLC control system designs disturbance question and the main antijamming question. Through to the entire YXA3132 gear-hobbing machine beds electric control systems improvement, in the existing enterprise i
12、s the very realistic technological transformations plan, has invests few, the effective quick characteristic, achieves the enhancement working efficiency, to reduce the gear-hobbing machine bed to present the breakdown the possibility, achieves the efficiency, the reliable goal.And ask for the small
13、est wheels, axle and bearing box size, and so the main beam bridge crane by uniform load. Generally the largest round of pressure should not exceed an average of 20% of round pressure. Car rack and small institutions in keeping with the proper frame. Principle in the design, mainly to institutions,
14、as far as possible to meet with car bodies; At the same time, the arrangement of bodies and we should try to make to facilitate the design and manufacture of steel structures.Electric hoist is a kind of lifting appliances, or electric hoist. Light is a small lifting equipment. Import electric hoist
15、with a small size, light weight, simple operation, easy-to-use features such as for industrial and mining enterprises, storage terminals and other places. Electric hoist is a motor, drive mechanism and composition of drum or sprocket. Wire rope electric hoist electric hoist points CD1 type, BCD-type
16、 electric hoist, MD-type electric hoist, BMD-type electric hoist, mini electric hoist, etc 1. Enhance Height: electric hoist as a tool to upgrade will enhance the height of a strict requirement. Therefore choose, it should include a detailed parameters. a. Enhance the speed: the speed of the decisio
17、n to enhance your work efficiency, the more high-speed electric hoist, the more you can improve efficiency. b. Electric power: the use of different electric hoist motor is different, the same 10T of the electric hoist motor is also possible that the 13KW or 7.5KW, according to their own customers ca
18、n be required to choose a different c. Voltage: electric hoist used in all walks of life because inside, so the use of electric hoist is not the same voltage, 380V industrial power consumption has also has 220V electricity. For example, commonly used on the building renovation of the outdoor lifting
19、 machines have two types of 220V and 380V models. d. Hook spacing: electric hoist to buy should be noted that the spacing between the upper and lower hook, because in certain plants will be electric hoist hook has a specific spacing requirements, types of electric hoist wire rope electric hoist have generally, as well as chain electric hoist, hook their spacing will vary greatly.John Banks，Reaching out or overreaching?Cargo Systems International，1993,20(7)：51，53
