1、L.2008, 9(4): 411- 416JournalofPlantGeneticResources中国农作物及其野生近缘植物多样性研究进展刘 旭1,郑殿升1,董玉琛1,朱德蔚2,方嘉禾1,费砚良3,贾敬贤4,蒋尤泉5,杨庆文1,王述民1,黎 裕1,曹永生1( 1S j, g ,p V,p V 3 =1 :a a aI:a Saa Pa i bDiversityAssessmentofCropsandTheirWildRelatives inChinaLIU Xu1, ZHENG Dian-sheng1, DONG Yu-chen1, ZHU De-wei2, FANG Jia-he1,
2、FEIYan-liang3,JIA Jing-xian4, JIANG You-quan5, YANG Qian-wen1, WANG Shu-min1, LIYu1, CAO Yong-sheng1( 1Institute of Crop Sciences, ChineseAcademy of AgriculturalSciences, Beijing 100081; 2Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,ChineseAcademy ofAgriculturalSciences, Beijing 100081; 3Institute of Botany,
3、 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093;4Institute of Pomology, ChineseAcademy of AgriculturalSciences,X ingcheng 125100; 5Grassland Research Institute,ChineseAcademy of AgriculturalSciences, H ohhot010010)Abstract: Species diversity and genetic diversity of crop plants including food crops, ca
4、sh crops, fruit cropsand vegetables etc. and theirw ild relatives in Chinawere assessed. Concept and category of germplasm resourceswere defined scientifically and systematically. Theory ofhierarchical structure ofgermplasm resourceswas also pro-posed. Itwas raveled that there exist9631 species of f
5、ood and agricultural plants in Chinaw ith clear distribution,characteristics and/or uses. Profiles of crop germplasm resources in Chinawere basically understood. Totally 528kinds of crops in Chinawere identified for the first time, including 1339 cultivated species and 1930 speciesof theirw ild rela
6、tives. Further, the criteria for intra-specific classification based on agronomic characters were optimized.Botanic and biological characteristics and genetic diversity of987 varieties, 978 bio-types and 1223 agronomically-specific types existing in landraces of the crops in Chinawere investigated.
7、Itwas suggested thatChina is the centerof origin or one of the centers of origin of some specialgenes including the genes conferring nakedness, glutinous-ness, dwarfism and sterility etc. in cereals. Six volumes of amonograph titled “Crops and TheirW ildRelatives inChina“ were published and amonogra
8、ph titled “List of Species ofFood and AgriculturalPlants in China“ was in L . 9 press, leading to the establishmentofthe theoretical system of the discipline of crop germplasm resources. The thor-ough diversity assessmentwould provide the base to effectively use crop germplasm resources and ensure f
9、ood secur-ity and sustainable agricultural development in China.Keywords:Crop; W ild relative; DiversityT Ni “# l B MbVil ,T 1b.l jT( jTavBT) JT6T, :S jT# 7 3“ZV1s,T FBQ,K1s;“b$“ F=Q,s;7BW“ F Q, V jsbV s, jT Vs J a6 aT a v a sg a 6 b jT1“a “ay()“3 b3 T3. 1 b S J j :S jT# 7 3“ZM800kg/hm2,?Z90 M3500kg
10、/hm2bv70 M -1Z , ,1957 M788kg/hm2, 70 M v9Z , 4, 1976 M994kg, 1981- 1985 M (1238kg, 1995 M 61660kg,N H, c g 4b 1 80 M , 9 , ,v w.S 3 SM .: S,20033 .1 W M .7,r.: j.ST# 7 3( 1- 6 ) M .:S j +.S7 3T M .:S j, 198610 .S sgM .: j, 198611 , B .S x# M .: j, 199312 S.S j M .: S, 199213 .S j 3“ 9M .:S j, 199314 0 ;, .SM .: S, 198715 z.7 3M .: j, 199316 z S.S M . Z: Z,1987416
