1、1专题六 非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补 )；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系 (主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语 功能 形式主动式 doing被动式 being done动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 完成式 having done/having been done一般式 doing现在分词表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语
2、，宾补 完成式 having done 一般式 done进行式 being done过去分词 表被动和已完成，常在句 中作定语，状语，补语完成式 having been done一般式 to do/to be done进行式 to be doing动词不定式表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等 完成式 to have done/to have been done动名词和不定式作主语 1如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.动名词作主语的句型。如：It is no
3、 use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用 It is a waste of time to do)动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/.for sb. to do sth.和 It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/.of sb. to do。动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人
4、称代词宾格。如：His coming made me happy.I cant imagine his/him living there alone.动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语 )。如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子：Its foolish _(你相信他说的话)Its impossible _( 他做这样的事)Do you mind _(我抽烟)?2Its no use _( 你和他争辩)_(go) abroad is an honour to me._(take
5、) abroad is an honour to me._(devote) to his work made him succeed.【答案】of you to believe what he said for him to do such a thing my/me smoking your/you arguing with him Going Being taken Being devoted动名词和不定式作宾语 2下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：attempt(企图)，afford( 负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望) ，desire( 渴望)，expect， hope，w
6、ish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer( 自愿) ，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan ，care(关心，喜欢) ， happen(碰巧) ，prepare(准备) ，learn( 学习) ，choose(选择) ，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求) ，promise，undertake(承接)，appear( 似乎) ，seek( 寻觅) ，refuse( 拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定) ，manage(设法) ，pretend(假装) ，agree(同意) ，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)下面的
7、动词只能用动名词作宾语：acknowledge(承认)，admit( 承认)，deny(否认) ，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢 )，advocate(提倡，主张) ，appreciate( 感激，欣赏) ，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受) ，envy(嫉妒)，delay( 延迟 )，postpone( 延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好) ，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱) ，mind(介意 )，miss(错过)，fi
8、nish(完成)，resist(抵抗) ，risk(冒险 )，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend( 建议) ，prevent( 阻止) ，keep( 保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解) ，include( 包括 )后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：have(no/much/some/.) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)， be worth，be
9、 busy，feel like ，be committed toto 作为介词的短语有：look forward to，pay attention to，object tobe opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点 )，get down to(开始认真做 )，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead tocontribute to(sb. doing/being done)allow，permit，forbid，advise ，recommend 的用法：allow/permit/forbid
10、/advise/recommenddoingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do 如：I dont allow smoking in my room.I dont allow him to smoke in my room.用所给词的适当形式填空：We agreed _(meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch)Janey pretended _(write) when her
11、 mother came in.I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.The doctor advised him _(stop) smoking.【答案】to meet being caught to be writing sailing to stop3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 3forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事( 此事未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事( 此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做
12、)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)stop to do 停止(某件事 )，目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do 努力、企图做try doing 试验、试一试某种办法mean to do (人)打算，有意要mean doing (物)意味着cant help (to
13、) do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空：Dont you remember _(see) the man before?I regret _(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.Lets try _(do) the work some other way.I didnt mean _(hurt) your feeling.Im so busy that I cant help _(clean) the house with you.After we finish
14、ed our homework，we went on _(review) the new lesson.【答案】seeing to inform doing to hurt (to) clean to review不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 4不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。如果主语是以 aim，duty，hope，idea ，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing ，wish等为中心的名词，或以 what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。过去分词作表语，表示“感到
15、，觉得” ，现在分词作表语，表示“令人” 。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest ，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince 等。用所给词的适当形式填空：His wish is _(go) abroad.His hobby is_(collect) stamps.The most important thing is _(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.What he shoul
16、d do is _(work) hard.4He felt _(embarrass)【答案】to go collecting to negotiate work embarrassed分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 5下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词宾语动词不定式) ：ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer( 喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫) ，press( 迫使)，require(要求) ，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray( 请求)，remind(提醒)，beg( 请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)
17、，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive( 驱赶) ，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导 )，warn(告诫 )，enable(使能够)，need(需要 )，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励 )，want(想要) ，lead(引起，使得) ，teach( 教) ，wish(希望) 。感官动词，如：see，watch，observe ，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel 等。感官动词后可接不带 to 的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词 h
18、ave，make 的用法 (注意 have 作为“有”的用法) ：使役动词 have 可接不带 to 的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make 后接不带 to 的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。catch ，find ，get，leave，keep ，set，send 后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：I often hear him _(sing) the song.I often hear the song_(sing)I heard him _(sing) the song when I passed by.I heard the song _(s
19、ing) when I passed by.Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything _(take) to your son?I wont have you _(talk) to him like that!I had him _(repair) my bike.I had my bike _(repair)You shouldnt have the light _(burn) all the night.His letter left me _(feel) pretty bad.He left the work_(unfini
20、sh)You can leave him _(finish) the work.What she said set me _(think)The push sent him _(fall) down.【答案】sing；sung；singing；being sung to be taken；talking；repair ；repaired；burning feeling；unfinished ；to finish ；thinking；falling分词和动词不定式作状语的区别 6分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤
21、其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy 等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital.5_(give) more time，I will finish the work._(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.He was excited _(hear) the news.He did all he could _(help) people in need.The place he referred
22、to is hard _(find)【答案】Turning Given Waiting to hear to help to find不定式和分词作定语的区别 7不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。此外，在 warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision 等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或 no，all，any 等限定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：The meeting_(hold) tomorrow is important.The meeting_(h
23、old) now is important.The meeting _(hold) yesterday was important.【答案】to be held being held held现在分词与过去分词的区别 8现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants._(see) the scene，the people on th
24、e street let out a cry of joy.The room_(face) south is our classroom.The room _(paint) white is mine.When I returned ，I found the door _(lock)When I returned，I found him _(watch) TV.【答案】Seen；Seeing facing；painted locked ；watching“疑问词不定式 ”结构 9疑问词 who，what，which，when，where 和 how 后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句
25、中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：When_(start) has not been decided.【答案】to startonly to do，never to do，only doing 10only to do 意为“结果却” ；never to do 意为“结果却再没有 ”；only doing 意为“只是做” 。6用所给词的适当形式填空：He was busy writing a story，only_(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.He hurried there ，only _(tell) th
26、e train had left.He left home，never_(hear) from.【答案】stopping to be told to be heard一致性 11不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。完成下列句子：_ the film( 看电影的时候) ，he cried._ the film( 看电影的时候) ，tears came down his face.【答案】When he saw/Seeing When he saw/He seeingwith 复合结构 12with 后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动
27、)、过去分词( 表被动)、不定式(表将来 )。with 复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语，还可以作定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：With a lot of homework _(finish)，I cant go with you.With a lot of homework _(finish)，I went home and had a rest.With a boy _(help) us，we found the place easily.【答案】to finish finished helping独立主格结构 13独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词) 现在分词( 与前面构成主动关系) ；名词(
28、代词) 过去分词( 与前面构成被动关系) ；名词(代词) 不定式( 表将来) ；名词(代词) 副词；名词(代词) 形容词；名词(代词) 介词短语；名词(代词) 名词。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.The test finished, we began our holiday.There being no bus, we had to walk home.He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large
29、 book under his arm.The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.完成下列句子：Many people were missing ， most of _ women.7Many people were missing ， most of _were women.Time _(permit)( If time permits)，we will go there.Time _(give)(If time is given)，I will finish it alone.【答案】the
30、m；whom permitting given评注性分词 14评注性分词有：judging from/by(按照判断)，considering( 就而言) ，generally speaking(总的来说) ，talking/speaking of(说起) 。但是注意区别 judge 和 consider 作为及物动词时的用法。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(judge) from his accent，he is from Hunan._(judge) to be the best，he was honoured._(consider) his age，he has done well._(co
31、nsider) as one of the biggest cities in the world，Shanghai is very popular now.【答案】Judging；Judged Considering；Considered被动形式表主动意义的几个动词 15be seatedsit，be located lie，be dressed inwear，be leftremain ，be devoted todevote oneself to。用所给词的适当形式填空：Do you know the girl_(seat) under the tree?There are many p
32、roblems_(remain) to be solved.There are many problems _(leave) unsolved._(devote) to science，he will be remembered forever._(devote) all his life to science，he will be remembered forever.【答案】seated remaining；left Devoted；Devoting非谓语动词的完成式和否定式 16当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。非谓语动词的否定式放在不定式、动名词或分词前。用括号里所
33、给词的适当形式填空：_(see) his mother，the child smiled._(see) the film many times，I know it well._(show) around the lab，the visitors were taken to the library.His mother told him _(not leave) his work unfinished.He looked forward _(not cancel) the concert._(not receive) his answer，I decided to write to him ag
34、ain.【答案】Seeing Having seen Having been shown/Shown not to leave to not cancelling Not having received判断用并列谓语还是非谓语 17有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。现在分词作状语，表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行。并列8谓语之间有 and, 用在最后一个谓语前，构成 A and B, 或 A、B and C; 否则，要把其中一个变为非谓语。At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _
35、down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. satAs the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _， and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved【答案】D B判断表示原因、伴随、结果还是表目的 18Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplie
36、s to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sentI explained the theory as clearly as possible, _ to make it easy _.A. to hope; to understand B. hoped; understoodC. hoping; to understand D. to hope; to be understood【答案】A Cthere be 结构 19therebe名词 d
37、oing/done/to do；deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit介词there being ；want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/would like/prefer/mean/intendthere to be。there being 是独立主格结构。There is no doing 意为“不可能，无法” 。用所给词的适当形式填空：There is a great deal of evidence _(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the br
38、ain.The students expected there _(be) more reviewing classes before the final exams.Ann never dreams of there _(be)for her to be sent abroad very soon.There _(be) no money left, I cant buy the book.【答案】indicating to be being being不定式 to 后的省略 20一般保留动词不定式符号 to，若 to 后有助动词 have, be, have been, 则也要保留。The
39、 boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not toIn my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than _A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to beYou should have worked harder. I know I _9
40、A. ought to B. ought to have C. should D. willHe wasnt helped yesterday. He ought to _A. have B. be C. have been D. have done【答案】A D B C不定式 to 的省略 21不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词 do 的形式时，to 要省略；不定式作感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略 to；由并列连词 and，except, but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带 to；注如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略
41、to。如：Its easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 动词 help 后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带 to；“why not省略 to 的不定式 (动词原形)”表示建议，意为“为什么不” ；“why 省略 to 的不定式(动词原形 )”表示不赞成；动词不定式作 but, except 的宾语时，如果前面有实义动词 do 的形式时，要省略 to；不定式构成的特殊句式：too 与 ready, easy, willing, eager, anxious 等形容词连用，此时不定式没有否定意义，too 相当于 very。如：I am too
42、 willing to help you.too 在 not, never, only, all, but 后，不定式表示肯定含义。If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meetIts a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend?A. Why not visit B. Why not to visitC. Why not visiting D
43、. Why dont visitThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make【答案】D A B连接词不定式 22连接词和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的从句。如：She must have time in which to grow calm.She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.She had n
44、o money _ a birthday present for her children.A. to buy with B. buying C. bought D. with which to buyIve worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects【答案】D B101. (2014江苏卷)The lecture _， a lively questionandanswer session followed.
45、A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given2. (2014福建卷)_ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend3. (2014湖南卷)_ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each nee
46、d deep thought and inner quietness.A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing4. (2014浙江卷 )Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed5. (2014天津卷)Clearly and thoughtfully _， the book inspires confidence in students who wish
