1、动词 verb.,动词v.,表示动作与状态的词 主要内容 动词分类 动词形式 时态,动词种类,实义动词(行为动词),及物动词vt.: 自己不能表达一个完整的意思，后面要跟上一个名词或代词来作宾语才意思完整 不及物动词vi. 自己可以表达一个完整的意思，不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟上一个介词，构成动词短语，再跟一个介词宾语。(如look, listen, wait ),1.及物动词vt.： Tom doesnt do his homework. The boy watches TV on Sundays. 2.不及物动词vi.：Class begins. He is looking at the p
2、icture. Sandy always listens to his brother.,系动词,也叫连系动词。系动词本身有含义，但它不能单独做谓语，后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。一起构成主系表结构。,你还记得什么是表语吗？,表语： 由形容词、名词、介词短语担任,系动词,be动词：最常用的系动词 She is beautiful. I am a student. They are in the classroom. 表示感受的“感官动词”： look, taste, smell, sound, feel感官动词+adj.：He feels cold. become, tur
3、n, get,Be动词用法口诀,I是am, you是are, is 前面三个他（她，它） 其它复数都用aream, is was过去式 are were过去式,情态动词,情态动词表示说话人情绪、态度和语气。 本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，其后接动词原形一起构成谓语。 常见的有can(could), may(might), will(would), shall( should), must, have to, had better,注意情态动词v.原,情态动词,情态动词没有人称和数的变化 He can speak English. He speaks English very wel
4、l.,助动词,协助主要动词构成谓语的动词叫助动词，它对谓语动词起辅助作用。被协助的词叫主要动词。助动词本身没有含义，不可单独使用。 常见助动词：be, do(does, did), shall, will, have(has) Tom doesnt like watermelons.,助动词的使用,助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示问句、否定句、时态等。 1、表示时态 We will sing and dance at the party. 2、构成疑问句 Do you like collecting stamps? Did you study Chinese before
5、you came to China? 3、与not合用，构成否定句 I dont want to visit that farm. They havent finished the work yet.,助动词do,根据时态、主语人称、数的变化，do/ does/ did, 一般现在时：do, does(用于第三人称单数)，do用于其他人称， 一般过去时:did I dont like English. He doesnt do his homework at night. We didnt clean the room yesterday.,注意do, does, did + v.原,Exer
6、cise,我们是同班同学。 他是我的同班同学。 我是他的同班同学。,We are classmates. He /She is my classmate. I am his/her classmate.,情态动词详解,can表示个人能力所及或可能性 may表示允许、请求及可能性。用may提问，肯定回答一般是Certainly.或Yes, you may. 否定回答一般用cant, mustnt must表示必须、一定是(must be),例释,I can make kites. That cant be Mr. Baker. - May I ask you a question? - Cert
7、ainly. Your glasses may be in your pocket. We must be careful when we cross the road. -Wheres Alex? - He must be at home.,must 问句的回答,must 表示“必须” 的问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt. Must we clean the classroom this afternoon? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. No, you dont have to.,had better 最好做,had better + v.原
8、 had better not + v.原 We had better go back to the station now. Youd better not speak because the baby is sleeping.,shall,shall 常用于第一人称，用在问句中表示：征求意见 Shall we go to the supermarket this weekend?,should,should 表示“应该” We should speak to the old people politely. (adv. 有礼貌地）,need,1.实义动词：放在肯定句、疑问句和否定句中 ne
9、ed + sth. need to do sth. We need more chairs. We need to plant more trees. 2.情态动词：放在疑问句和否定句中 You neednt do it in such a hurry.,动词的基本形式,动词的五种基本形式：原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。,动词的基本形式,原形,动词原形是指初始状态的动词，不受人称、数、时态的影响,第三人称单数的概念,除了I, we, you（我，我们，你，你们）之外的全部为第三人称。单数指的是一个人或物。 His brother, my parents, their sc
10、hool, our teacher, the baby, Tom, his dog, the tree,第三人称单数动词形式(三单式）,第三人称单数动词形式在动词后面加-s或-es,变化规则 如单数变复数。 一般情况, -s 以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾，-es 辅音字母加y, y改i，-es,注意have的三单式为has.,她每天都打扫房间。 我妈妈每天都做家务。 我父亲每周末都看电视。 我哥哥和我从周一至周五去学校。,She cleans the room every day. My mother does the housework every day. My father wa
11、tches TV every weekend. My brother and I go to school from Monday to Friday.,注意-es的读音规则 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音，元音后读/z/ s, x, sh, ch后读/iz/,动词的现在分词的构成,一般加-ing; work-working 以不发音的e结尾的词去e,加-ing；live-living 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，再加-ing；stop-stopping lie lying 躺, die死 dying, tie系tying begin beginning,我正在做蛋
12、糕。 他们正在跑。 他正在吃晚餐。,I am making a cake. They are running. He is eating dinner. He is having dinner.,动词的过去式和过去分词的构成1：,1、规则变化 一般加-ed：work-worked 以e结尾的词加-d：live-lived 辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed：cry-cried 以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop-stopped,注意-ed的读音规则 清辅音后读/t/ 浊辅音，元音后读/d/ t, d后读/id/,动词的过去式和过去分词
13、的构成2：,不规则变化 1.AAA (原形过去式过去分词相同） 2.ABB（过去式过去分词相同） 3.ABC（三者不同） 4.ABA（原形和过去分词相同） 5.AAB （原形和过去式相同）,1. AAA,2.ABB,3.ABC,4. ABA,5.AAB,beat beat beaten,Exercise,我父母昨天工作了。yesterday 我们昨天去上学了。 我上周做了家务。（last week),My parents worked yesterday. We went to school yesterday. I did housework last week.,We are play b
14、asketball. The desk next to the window. I cant swimming. She is siting under the tree. Dont opening the window. Its very cold. Does he likes ping pong? He always help me. Im going to playing computer games. 下列每个句子都有一处错误，请改正,动词归类复习,一、连系动词类,变化类:典例： gofall1. One of his children _.(病了） 2. He _(睡着了)while
15、 studying his grammar book.,become, get, turn, grow, go, fall,bad / hungry / mad / wrong,(fell-fallen),fell ill,fell asleep,1.He felt the piece of cloth gentle.I t felt softly.3.The flowers smell sweet attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.,gentle,gently,softly,soft,smell,smelling,感官类: 1. Del
16、la stood there , looking _(sad sadly) at herself in the mirror. 2. Della looked very_, for her pet dog died last night. 3.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 4. _(taste) so delicious, the food in this
17、market was sold out soon.,sadly,sad,look, sound, feel, taste, smell,Tasting,Conclusion:,连系动词后面跟形容词作表语。,2. 连系动词无被动语态, 用在分词时加ing,“显得”类:状态类: 1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks.A. last B. remain C. get D. turn 2.The hot weather will _another two days.,seem, appear, look,keep, stay, remain, lie
18、, sit, stand,It looks as ifIt seems as if / thatIt appears that,last, prove, turn out 1.We had thought the examination would be difficult , but it _ easy.A. turned B. came C. appeared D. proved 2.The actress who had been thought highly of _ (to be ) a great disappointment.A. turned out B. seemed C.
19、looked D. became,注be, become, turn, remain, make可带名词He remains a teacher.=He is still a teacher. 1. He became _ teacher.A. a B. the C .an D. / 2. He turned _ teacher.A. a B. the C. an D. / 3. I think John will _ a good monitor, soId like to vote for him.A. turn B. change C. elect D. make,1.I noticed
20、 him to come into the building. 2.I saw him play on the playground. 3.I heard the song sing by him. 4.I heard him sing the song. 5.He had his radio repair. 6.He had his sister wash the clothes. 7.I saw the boy take to the hospital. 8.He was made to give in. 9.The boss often gets me work for him.,to,
21、sing,sung,repair,take,taken,to,repaired,二、使役、感官动词类,see, look at, watch, notice, observe let, make, have；hear, listen to, feel 1.The boss made them _12 hours a day.A. work B. to work C. worked D. working 2.They were made_12 hours a day.A.work B.to work C.worked D.working,(吾看三室两厅一感觉),这类动词在主动语态中用不带to的不
22、定式作补语，但在被动语态中保留to,My daughter often makes a schedule to get herself _ of what she is to do in the day.A. remind B. to remind C. reminded D. reminding 2. I cant see my old grandma _alone in the country, so Ill have her _ with me in the city.A. leave, stay B. left, stay C. leaving , to stay D. left, t
23、o stay3. When we saw the sun _ above the surface of the sea, the students let out a cry of joy.A. to raise B. to rise C. raising D. rising,see , look at , watch , notice , observe have get ; hear , listen to ; feel + 宾语 + V-ing V-ed, make 不带V-ing 作宾语补足语 ; let sb do sth. 此外： find, leave, keep +宾语 + V
24、-ing V-ed; catch + 宾语 + V-ing,The boy was caught _ in an examination and had to face the musicA. to cheat B. cheating C. cheat D. cheated Mrs Smith found her husband _ by letters and papers and _ very worried.A. surrounded, look B. surrounded, looking C. surrounding, looking D. surrounding, look 3.
25、All the teachers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ in the next school year.A. carry out B. carried out C. to carry out D. be carrying out,1.The cat is the only one of her pets she will have _ on her bed. A. it sleep B. it sleeping C. slept D. sleeping 2.The TV set he _ works well now.
26、 A. has repairing B. having repaired C. has been repaired D. has had repaired 3.Who would you rather _ charge of this job, George or Jack? A. have to take B. to have take C. have take D. have taken,Conclusion:,1. 感官动词see, look at, watch, notice , observe , hear, listen to, feel等，常考查:例如：see sb sth do
27、see sb sth doingsee sb sth done,be seen to do,be seen doing,be seen done,2. 使役动词make, let , have , get等常考查:make sbsth do sthmake oneself donelet sb do sthhave sb sth do have sb sth doinghave sb sth done 3. 绿色通道：这类动词经常在定语从句中设疑,be made to do,be made done,get sb sth to do,get sb sth doing,get sb sth do
28、ne,考查,1.This phrase does not translate well into Chinese. 2.Dont get that ink on your white shirt, for it isnt washed away. 3.The car isnt started easily in winter.4.The man always dresses well.,isnt washed,doesnt wash,isnt started,doesnt start,三、主动表被动类,sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, pla
29、y, last, open, write, start, run, read, act, draw, clean, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink , burn +adv. (well, poorly, easily, smoothly, badly) Dry wood _(容易燃烧） The cloth _(好洗）. 3. Your composition _(读起来很好）except for a few spelling mistakes.,（主语的特点、性质、状态）,burns easily,washes well,reads well,1.-Have
30、 you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets_well and they _out last week. A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold C. sell; have been sold D. are sell; sold 2.It is said that the pen _ , so I bought one yesterday. A. writes well B. writes good C. is well written D. is good written,四、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组,av
31、oid miss put off/pospone/delay suggest finish practise enjoy/appreciate imagine cant help admit deny envy escape risk excuse stand/bear/tolerate keep mind,避免 错过少延期, 建议完成多练习;喜欢想像禁不住,承认否定与嫉妒;逃避冒险莫原谅,忍住保持不介意.,get down to devoteto lead to beget become used to Be accustomed to pay attention to go back to
32、 be addicted to look forward to Stick to object to,“to” 用作介词,give up, dislike, feel like , insist on , cant stand , succeed in, spend/waste time (in) , be busy (in), have a good/hard time (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in) It is no use good , it is of little use good , it is useless be worth=deser
33、ve, be worthy of being done , be worthy to be done,1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 2.I would appreciate _back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling 3.The day he has looked forward to
34、_at last.A. coming B. came C. come D. comes,五、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组,decidedetermine, learn, want, expect hope wish, refuse, manage, willing, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask beg, helpseem, attempt, fail, happen, afford, strive make up ones mind to, be determined to would like/love to=should
35、like/love to,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,I would love_to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 2. She pretended _me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen,六、接动名词、不定式意义不同,1)
36、 forget to do / forget doing 2) regret to do / regret doing 3) remember to do / remember doing 4) go on to do / go on doing 5) mean to do / mean doing 6) stop to do / stop doing 7) try to do / try doing 8) cant help (to) do / cant help doing,1.-I usually go there by train.-Why not_by boat for a chan
37、ge?A.to try going B.trying to goC.to try and go D.try going 2.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off,3.He didnt remember_him before.A. having met B. have metC. to meet D. to having met 4.Go on_the other exercise after
38、you have finished this one.A. to do B. doing C. to be doing D. to be done 5.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well, now I regret_that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,八、宾语不同、语态不同、但意义相同,need, require, want The room requires _.(打扫一下）=The room requires_. 1
39、.This sentence needs_. A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved 2.The baby needs_. A. looked after B. looking after C. look after D. to look after,to be cleaned,cleaning,九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同,allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider 我们禁止在此吸烟。我们禁止任何人在此吸烟。,We forbid smoking here.,We forbid anybody
40、 to smoke here. Anybody is forbidden to smoke here.,1.We are considering _ to the south. A. go B. to go C. going D. gone2.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented,十、接虚拟语气的词,1)insist 2)order, command 4)advise, sugges
41、t, propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request,desire,urge一坚持、二命令、四建议、六要求He ordered that we_ (leave) at once.His order that we _at once was right. The order was that we_ at once.That we _ at once was his order.,(should) leave,(should) leave,(should) leave,1.He insisted that his brother_ ther
42、e. A.go B.went C.going D.to go 2.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free.A.do;be B.had done;wasC.had done;be D.did; was 3.His voice suggested that he_angry.A.is B.be C.was D.were 4.He suggested that the boy _ to hospital at once.A. was sent B. send C. sent D. be sent,十一、表计划 、愿望未能实现的动词,inte
43、nd, mean ,hope, plan, expect, think, want, suppose, promise I _(本希望) come here,but I had an unexpected visitor. =I hoped to have come here,.,had hoped to,He wants to meet you at the airport. He wanted to have met you at the airport,but he didnt get there in time. 我本想把这份礼物给他的。,I should (would) like (
44、love) to give her the gift. I should(would) like (love) to have given her the gift. I was to have given her the gift. I would have given her the gift. I was going to give her the gift. I had planned to give her the gift. I had intended to give her the gift. I had meant to give her the gift.,十二、瞬间非延续
45、性动词,go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate, buymarry-be married seat-be seatedhide-be hidden die-be deadbegin-be on join-be inborrow-keep come-be/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got,1.He died ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years.A. been died B. been deadC. died D. been dying 2.When Jack arrived, he learned Mary_for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set offC. had left D. had been away,
