1、完形填空解题技巧及例题解析,Welcome to our class,一、中考完形填空试题说明,二、命题特点及选材特点,四、完形填空试题的一般解题思路,六、历届升中考试完形填空试题解析,三、考查范围,五、作答时应注意的几个问题,七、完形填空仿真训练,中考完形填空试题说明,完形填空：共10小题，每小题1分。在一篇150200词的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本部分所需时间约为5分钟左右。,完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力
2、为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题。所选题材多样，但都贴近学生的生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说明文、议论文等。所选短文其难度略低于阅读理解题的短文。,命题特点及选材特点,考查范围,（1）词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法; （2）固定搭配与习惯表达； （3）阅读理解能力和逻辑推理、判断能力。近年来，完形填空题单纯考语法的题目很少，越来越侧重对综合语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。其中，词汇运用能力的考查表现为要求考生在一定的语境下表达词汇的语义、词汇的搭配，特别关注上下文的行文逻辑和相互照应。,完形填空试题的一般解题思路,1跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空
3、格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果 ；通读全文时，尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章的大概意思即可。不要纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区。（时间：3分钟）,完形填空试题的一般解题思路,2结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。,完形填空
4、试题的一般解题思路,3瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。,完形填空试题的一般解题思路,4复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。,作答时
5、应注意的几个问题,1完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。 2第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。,作答时应注意的几个问题,3做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。,作答时应注意的几个问题,4每篇完形填空
6、所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。 5动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。,历届升中考试完形填空试题解析, 根据 生活常识 进行判断, 通过 逻辑推理 进行判断, 通过 词义辨异 进行判断, 通过 上下文暗示 进行判断, 根据句子结构或固定搭配 进行判断, 通过上下文暗示进行判断,充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到
7、对选择有提示作用的词或句,例 1. - She had got a(n) ( 36 ) and needed a blood transfusion(输血）from her five-year-old brother, who had had the same disease but (37) stayed alive.- (佛山2010) ( )36. A. accident B. problem C. disease 例 2. - No matter when my friends saw him pass by, they would (38), “Hey, deaf(聋子) and d
8、umb(哑巴)”, -There were no friends around to shout the usual words of “greeting”.- （佛山2009） ( )38. A. sing B. run C. shout,C,C, 通过 逻辑推理 进行判断,由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。 例 1. -For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below. (
9、佛山2008) ( ) 45. A. closed B. open C. clean 例 2. - “Hey, deaf(聋子) and dumb(哑巴), whats the time?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39).（佛山2009） ( ) 39. A. speak B. see C. answer 例3. - “Will I start to (45) right away?” Being young, the boy had misunderstood the doctor, he thought he was go
10、ing to have to give her all his blood.（佛山10） ( ) 45. A. relax B. sleep C. die,B,A,C, 通过词义辨异进行判断,例 1.- I was alone. There were no friends around to shout the ( 43 ) words of “greeting”.（佛山2009） ( ) 43. A. usual B. ordinary C. normal例2.- “Jessies dad took her to ride in a red, blue and yellow hot air
11、balloon. It rose from ground and moved slowly the sky. Jessie ( 37 ) forests and many beautiful lakes and rivers. (佛山2008) ( ) 37. A. saw B. noticed C. watched,此类试题的命题，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断,A,A, 根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语,例1：“Jessie,
12、you want so many things. You need to be ( 42 ) with what you have. Not many children can have a ride in a hot air balloon.”. (佛山2008) ( ) 42. A. careful B. excited C. pleased例2：- He thought for only a moment before taking a ( 41 ) breath and saying, “Yes, Ill do it if it will ( 42 ) Lisa.” (佛山2010)
13、( ) 41. A. deep B. loud C. final,C,A, 根据生活常识进行判断,例1: - The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his ( 45 ) and replied, “Its 5:30”. (佛山2009) ( ) 45. A. umbrella B. home C. watch例2: - “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬) ( 43 ) anything.”(佛山2006) ( ) 43. A. never B. hardly C. almost,在日常生活中，饿了就
14、要吃东西，渴了就要喝东西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，热了脱衣服等是约定俗成的事,C,C,正确答案呢,实 战 演 习,中考完型填空解答示例 例一：,There are many words in the English language.You will never 1 the meaning of every word in English.When you read,you will often find many 2 you do not know.You will not have enough time to 3 reading and try to find every new wo
15、rd in a dictionary. 1.A.know B.learn C.find D.look up 2.A.books B.letters C.stories D.words 3A.stop B.enjoy C.keep D.start,Sometimes you can 4 a new word because you know some of the parts of the new word.For example,if a word ends 5 the letters “er”,that word 6 be the name of a 7 or a thing that do
16、es a certain action(某个动作).A writer is a person who writes. 8 it is not 9 to know the parts of a new word to understand it, 10 it will help you many times. 4.A.find B.get C.study D.guess 5.A.in B.off C.up D.with 6.A.can B.might C.should D.must 7.A.friend B.boy C.person D.girl 8.A.Then B.Now C.Yet D.S
17、ometimes 9.A.helpful B.useful C.enough D.good 10.A.but B.and C.so D.for,Sometimes you can 4 a new word because you know some of the parts of the new word.For example,if a word ends 5 the letters “er”,that word 6 be the name of a 7 or a thing that does a certain action(某个动作).A writer is a person who
18、writes. 8 it is not 9 to know the parts of a new word to understand it, 10 it will help you many times. 4.A.find B.get C.study D.guess 5.A.in B.off C.up D.with 6.A.can B.might C.should D.must 7.A.friend B.boy C.person D.girl 8.A.Then B.Now C.Yet D.Sometimes 9.A.helpful B.useful C.enough D.good 10.A.
19、but B.and C.so D.for,Sometimes you can 4 a new word because you know some of the parts of the new word.For example,if a word ends 5 the letters “er”,that word 6 be the name of a 7 or a thing that does a certain action(某个动作).A writer is a person who writes. 8 it is not 9 to know the parts of a new wo
20、rd to understand it, 10 it will help you many times. 4.A.find B.get C.study D.guess 5.A.in B.off C.up D.with 6.A.can B.might C.should D.must 7.A.friend B.boy C.person D.girl 8.A.Then B.Now C.Yet D.Sometimes 9.A.helpful B.useful C.enough D.good 10.A.but B.and C.so D.for,在做题前先通读一遍全文，会发现本文是关于英语词汇的。再仔细的
21、阅读，会发现是关于如何去猜测你所不认识的英文单词。空1比较容易做出来，应该是“你不可能知道每个单词的意思”，应该选A。顺着这个思路，空2应该选D。空3考查的是stop doing sth.（停止做某事）结构，答案选A。通读文章，会发现第二段开始讲如何猜测你不认识的单词词义，故空4选D。空5应该填入介词with, 意思是“以结尾”。空6表示一种猜测的语气，因此选择B。根据我们平时所积累的英语知识，以“er”结尾的名词很多都是表示做这个动作的人或物，因此空7选C。把文章最后一句话反复读几遍，能寻找出最后三个空的内在关系，即作者想说的是：尽管有时候光靠一个词的部分意思还不足以完全理解这个词，但是这种
22、方法在很多时候还是很有用的。因此空8、9、10的答案分别是D，C，A。,典例剖析（2015安徽A）,Sitienei,a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother ,has become the worlds oldest primary school student.She is studying at the local primaty school to learn to read and write.She is from a small 1 in Kenyan.She has spent most of her life 2 as a midwife (接生婆),
23、helping women to give birth to babies.She wants to pass on her midwife skills to the young.She said she didnt have a chance to go to school when she was 3 .So she wants all the children in her village to 4. 1.A.school B.village C.town D.city 2.A.reading B. writing C.playing D.working 3.A.young B.old
24、 C.famous D.free 4.A.study B.work C.leave D.listen,The head teacher at the school said,”Im proud 5 her.She is loved by every pupil.They all want to learn and play with 6 .”He also said ,”She is doing well considering her 7 .I can say I have seen a big difference in this school 8 she came.”Sitienei o
25、ften said ,I want to tell children,9 girls in poor areas , that 10 will be your wealth.”She added,”With education,you can be whatever you want to be -a doctor,a teacher,a scientist,and so on.” 5.A.for B.with C.of D.in 6.A.her B.me C.him D.you 7.A.chance B.age C.skills D.ways 8.A.after B.when C.since
26、 D.before 9.A.naturally B.especially C.luckily D.certainly 10.A.friendship B.future C. competition D.education,1.B (解析)命题角度：词汇复现。考查名词词义辨析。根据下文in her village 可 推知，她来自Kenyan 的一个乡村。故选B 2.D(解析)命题角度：推理判断。根据句中as a midwife 推知，她花费了一生大部分时间当接生婆。故选D 3.A.(解析)命题角度：生活常识。考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段第一句推知，她年轻时没机会上学。故选A 4.A.(解析)
27、命题角度：推理判断。考查动词词义辨析。由上文“她小时候没机会上学”推知，她不想让村里的孩子重蹈覆辙，想要他们都能学习。故选A 5.C.(解析)命题角度：固定搭配。be proud of,故选C,6.A.(解析)命题角度：语境推断。考查人称代词词义辨析。根据前两句可知，这里指代的是Sitienei.故选A 7.B.(解析)命题角度：语境推断。考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示鉴于她的年龄，她做的很好。故选B 8.C.(解析)命题角度：语境推断。考查从属连词词义辨析。根据此句是现在完成时态，应填since.故选C 9.B.(解析)命题角度：推理判断。考查副词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处
28、表强调，只有 B 项符合。 10.D.(解析)命题角度：词汇复现。考查名词词义辨析。根据下句可知，Sitienei认为教育是财富。故选D,例二,The United States covers a large part of the North 1 continent(州),when this land first become a nation.After 2 its freedom(自由) from England,it has 13 states.Each of the states had a star on the American flag.As the nation 3 ,new
29、 states were formed and there 4 new stars on the flag.5 a long time,there were forty-eight states. 1.A.America B.Americas C.American D.Americans 2.A.win B.won C.winning D.have won 3.A.grew B.grows C.growing D.have 4.A.are B.were C.have D.had been 5.A.In B.From C.For D.Through,In 1959 two 6 stars wer
30、e adding to the flags,standing for the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.7 were the first people of the land and great number of people came from England.It is 8 that reason that the language of the U.S.is English and 9 its culture and customs are more 10 those of England than any other country in the
31、 world. 6.A.another B.many C.other D.more 7.A.India B.Indian C.Indias D.Indians 8A.on B.for C.because D.because of 9.A.that B.why C.many D.all 10.A.as B.like C.some D.as if,同样通读这篇文章，会发现是在讲述美国50个州的简短来历。空1处须添入一个形容词，故选择America的形容词形式American。空2跟在after之后，需要填入一个动名词，因此是C。从所提供的被选答案来看，空3和空4都是考察时态的，因此我们很有必要根据
32、上下文的时态来做决定。上下文在讲述美国50个州的来历，用的是过去时，因此空3和空4也选用 过去时，答案分别是A和B。在时间段的前面常常用for, 因此空5选C。“到了1959年，又增加了2个州”表示在原有的基础上再增加，因此用more最好，空6答案选D。空7比较简单，应该用印第安人的复数形式，故选D。“就是的原因”我们通常用“It is for that reason that”结构，注意此空不能用because，答案应该是B。反复阅读文章的最后一句话，意思是说“那就是为什么美国的通用语言是英语，并且她的文化和习俗更接近英国，而不是世界上的其它任何国家”。 空9是在承接前面表达，与前面的“It
33、 is for that reason that是一个平行的结构，因此还是用that，答案选A。空10比较简单，用介词like表示“象”的意思，答案选B。,阅读理解,Reading Skills 细节理解和判断 推测词语意义 推断深层含义 理解主旨大意 理解作者意图观点态度,一、细节理解和判断 细节题主要考查学生对文章重要细节、信息的综合理解能力以及推理判断能力等。细节题大多可以直接或间接地从文章中找到答案。 Which of the following statements is true (not true)? In the passage, which of the following
34、is mentioned? All the following statements are true except _. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 以及where, how, who, why, how long等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。,阅读理解,二、推测词语意义 推测词语意义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词或短语的词义。提高这种技巧可以使我们在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅
35、读速度和阅读能力。 1.What does the underlined word “.” mean? 2. By saying “.” ，the writer means _. 3. The meaning of the word is _. 4. The underlined word “.” probably means _. 5. The word “.” refers to _. 6. The underlined word “.” can be replaced by _. 7. Which is the following is the closet in meaning to
36、the word?,阅读理解,三、推断深层含义 推断深层含义主要考查学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信 息，推断出未知信息或深层含义的能力。要求考生把已有 的信息作为已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系变化的未 知结论。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深层含义甚至 包括作者意图等，分清哪些是事实，哪些是推理。 记住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。 We can infer from the passage that _. 2. The writer suggests that _. 3. From the passage (story), we can learn that _. 4. What
37、 does the writer mean by saying ? 5. We may conclude from the passage that _.,阅读理解,四、理解主旨大意 理解主旨大意题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的 深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般 针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题或目的设题。 The passage / article is mainly about _. 2. The main idea of the passage is _. 3. What topic is discussed in the passage ? 4. From the
38、passage we know / learn that _. 5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 6. The title of this passage could be _.,阅读理解,解答这类题目时，最直接、最有效的方法是通过快速浏 览，找出每个段落的主题句。一般来说，主题句通常是一 段中的第一句或最后一句，有时也会出现在段落中间。有 时文中没有直接出现主题句，而需要我们总结。此时应该 注意每一段的中心句，把这些中心句的意思总结起来就是 文章大意。,阅读理解,五、理解作者意图观点态度 一篇文章不可避免地
39、反映作者的观点和情绪，作者期望读者能够通过文章字面意思，真正领悟其言外之意，如作者的态度或写作意图以及隐喻等 The writers purpose in writing this story is _. 2. In the writers opinion, should _. 3. When the writer says , he means _. 4. The writers attitude toward. is _. 5. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about _? 6. The author
40、 would agree that _. 7. The writer mainly wants to tell us _. （中考题57题） 推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分 析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。,阅读理解,五、理解作者意图观点态度 The writer uses blood type A and B as an example to explain _. 推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分 析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。,阅读理解,1.如何捕捉大意？命题思路，题目中会有the main point/main idea/ be
41、st title 等等。 读首句/段抓大意 Eg. Today Newtown is a very clean place. But many years ago, there were millions of rats in Newtown. They attacked the cats and dogs. Sometimes a lot of them knocked down a man or woman walking home at night. The rats were very big in size and they hurt many people. Question: W
42、hich of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to Kill Rats B. Newtown-City of Rats C. How Newtown People Became Rich D. How Newtown Became a Very Clean City.,D,(2) 读尾句/段抓大意 Eg. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see
43、 him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time. Question: What is the main point the wr
44、iter is trying to make in this paragraph? A. The roller skates needed further improvement B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble.,C,(3) 从段落中抓大意 Eg. Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space, a
45、nd they can reach any part of the world Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can receive satellite picturesSo the weather satellites are of a great help to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours earlier. Now they
46、can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days. Question：The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in_. A. taking pictures of the atmosphere B. many ways C. receiving pictures of the atmosphere D. weather forecasting,D,2. 如何搜索文章细节 (1) 直接对号入座 Eg. At the same time after the age of ten, at
47、 eleven or twelve, boys and girls bodies start changing. This time of change is called pubertyQuestion: According to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _. A. 8 or 9 B. 11 or 12 C. 15 or 16 D. 17 or 18 (2) 同义/反义词转换 Eg. From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark. Question: How many years did Norway and Denmark ruled Iceland? A. 700 B. 682 C. 388 D. 1070 Eg. Kuming has a population of more than 5,000,000. Question: Whats the population of Kuming? A. Over five million B. Over five thousand C. Over five billion D. Over five hundred,
