1、Stress and Health,The Real Reason Peter Pan Never Grew Up,What makes you stressed?,The last bagel is gone!,Im going to be late for work!,What makes a Zebra Stressed?,Is there enough to eat?,Am I going to be eaten?,Three Types of Stress:,Acute Physical Stressors: Require immediate physiological respo
2、nse in order to survive. e.g. attack or natural disaster (Catastrophe) Body does well! Chronic Physical Stressors: e.g. starvation, drought, dangerous living conditions. Body does OK. Psychological and Social Stressors: pressures in our social, cultural and economic environment. e.g. marital stress,
3、 hassles or work burnout Can be based on thoughts alone! Body does not do so well.,Reminder . . .,The body is divided into the CENTRAL (brain and spinal chord) and PERIPHERAL (all the neurons that connect the body to the CNS) Nervous Systems. Peripheral nervous system is divided into the SOMATIC (vo
4、luntary) and the AUTONOMIC (involuntary) Nervous Systems The Autonomic nervous system is divided into the SYMPATHETIC and the PARASYMPATHETIC Nervous Systems.,The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS),Parasympathetic Division “Vegetative Functions”Increased digestion Increased saliva Decreased heart rate D
5、ecreased breathing Increased blood flow to gutRestful state,Sympathetic Division “Fight or Flight” ResponseDecreased digestion Decreased saliva Increased heart rate Increased breathing Shunting of blood from gut to other tissues (skeletal muscle, heart, brain) Heightened arousal and vigilance,Result
6、s of Chronic Stress:,Increased fatigue Increased risk of heart disease Increased risk of diabetesDecreased reproductive function Decreased digestion Decreased growth!,The Accidental “Discovery” of Stress,Endocrinologist Hans Seyles poor rats.General Adaptation Syndrome (Three stages) 1. ALARM REACTI
7、ON - the bodys stress response 2. RESISTANCE - balance is temporarily re-attained by adapting to the presence of the stressor 3. EXHAUSTION - if stressor remains, resources are depleted,leading to illness or death,Seyles (Now Revised) General Adaption Syndrome,Alarm Reaction Resistance / Adaption Il
8、lness - if stressor remains, stress response itself begins to cause long term damage,Is Stress Always Bad?,Some level of arousal is stimulating and motivating People vary in how they respond to stress, based on things such as: Physiological differences Personality variables Cognitive and emotional r
9、esponses to stress,Changing How We Respond To Stress,Attributional Style Internal, Stable, Global vs. External, Unstable, Specific (Seligman) Perceived Control Survival rates for breast cancer patients (Taylor) The plant study (Langer & Rodin) Optimism,Coping with Stress (With a little help from you
10、r friends),Social Support: psychological and physical resources from others Tangible: money, shelter, food Intangible: comfort, support, advice Social support contributes to health and longevity,More Coping Strategies,Relaxation / Meditation,More Coping Strategies,Exercise Emotion-focused coping Problem-focused coping Cognitive reappraisal Social comparison,More Coping Strategies,Exercise Emotion-focused coping Problem-focused coping Cognitive reappraisal Social comparison Humor,
