1、1.7 NVH Categorization and Customer Viewpoint,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,1,车辆振动噪声舒适度分类与顾客观点,Historical Problems 历史问题,Many NVH problems recur from program to program 许多历史问题 Problem avoidance saves time,cost,and weigh 问题的避免节约时间，资金，和重量 Test and CAE programs have d
2、eveloped to meet recurring problems 测试与CAE项目的发展碰到了重复问题,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,2,Component Sound Quality 对结构声音质量改进所推荐的方法,Eliminate metal-to-metal impacts 消除金属碰撞 Use seals to mask noise 用密封控制噪声 Eliminate bounce multiple impacts 消除反复振动的冲击 Dampen springs 减震弹簧 U
3、se ribs on sheet metal 在钣金件上使用加强肋,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.6 Component Noise /SQ,Recommended Practices for,Improving,43,Lower closing efforts 较低的密封作用力,The End,Remember, its always important to listen carefully,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.6 Component Noise /SQ,44,记住，仔细聆听总是很重要的,Historical Problems 历史问题,Tar
4、get setting process aims to avoid recurring problems 目标设定程序帮助避免重复出现的问题 If you dont learn the lessons of history you will repeat them 如果你没有学习历史就会重犯这样的问题,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,3,Alphabetized List of NVH Concerns 有关NVH按字母顺序排列的目录,This is based on historical ex
5、perience and is useful for checking that most,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,4,possible problems are being considered. 这是根据以往经验用于检验那些绝大多数正被考虑到的可能出现的问题,Description 描述 Low frequency noise from an engine accessory Such as the alternator 来自于发动机附件如交流发电机的低频噪音 Mid-frequen
6、cy sound (tonal) due to an engine accessory 来自于发动机附件的中等频率的音调,Wind noise Noise due to the passage of air past a vehicle 风产生的噪音 噪音是由于通过汽车的空气通道产生 Wind throb Low frequency sound in a vehicle driven with an open 风悸动的声音 wind or sun-roof,caused by Helmholtz resonator在敞棚和带天窗的汽车驾驶室的低频音是由于Helmholtz共鸣器,Accesso
7、ry rumble附件噪声,Accessory whine附件呜呜声,Concern 有关目录,Historical Component NVH Concerns 有关NVH的历史结构,In some cases NVH phenomena are customarilyassociated with components许多时候NVH现象通常与结构联系起来- Axle noise 轴的噪音 - Exhaust (tailpipe) noise 排气装置（排气管）噪音- Fan noise 风扇的噪音- Feed noise(alternator,etc.) 动力装置噪音（交流发电机等）- F
8、uel pump noise 燃油噪音- Gear noise / rattle 齿轮噪音/咔嗒声- Induction noise 进气噪声,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,5,NVH Categorization NVH 分类,Alphabetical list/component list has duplications,overlap etc. 字母顺序排列目录/结构目录已经复制，交叉等 Sometimes more diagnostic than evaluative 诊断比评估更多
9、 Would be useful to develop systematic categories 将用于发展系统分类,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,6,Customer View 顾客意见,The customer knows the operating condition (WOT,braking,etc.) and the NVH phenomenon through what he or she hears,sees,and feels 顾客知道NVH现象通过他或她所听到，看到和感觉到
10、的，并以此了解运转状态（仪表盘，刹车系统等） The customer usually assumes they are connected (noise during braking is due to brakes) 顾客通常假定他们他们被连接（刹车中的噪音归咎于刹车系统）,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,7,Operating Conditions 运转状态,Need standard operating conditions for target setting (no overlaps
11、) 对选定目标需要标准的运转状态（没有重叠）- Powertrain NVH Idle, WOT,tip-in传动系的NVH 空转， ，倾斜- Tire/wheel Smooth road cruise 轮胎/车轮 平滑路面（低速）- Driveline imbalance/ Smooth road cruiserunout (medium to high speed)动力传动系统不均衡/脱离 平滑路面（中高速） - Wind noise Smooth road cruise (coast)-high speed风产生的噪音 平滑路面（滑坡）- 高速- Road noise Rough roa
12、d - low to medium speed 路面噪音 粗糙路面-中低速度,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,8,Subjective NVH Phenomena 主观NVH现象,The subjective phenomenon (aspects) have been given“suggestive”names such as:主观现象（外在的）被给定了特定含义的名称列如：- “Boom”for low frequency (500 Hz) with narrowfrequency rang
13、e but not pure tone “低啸”指在小范围频率内单并不是纯音调的高音(500 Hz),Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,9,Sources (Components) 原始资料（结构的）,Can only be determined by objective diagnostic tests 仅能由目标的诊断实验决定 May be inferred from operating condition 可从运行状态推断得出,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Ca
14、tegorization & Customer Viewpoint,10,Examples of Systematic Categories 系统分类举列,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.7 NVH Categorization & Customer Viewpoint,11,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation 1.8车辆振动噪声舒适度主观评价,Vehicle NVH Awareness,L.Dillmann,1,Why Collect Subjective Data ? 为什么要收集主观数据？,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH
15、 subjective Evaluation,2,Programs Use Subjective Data to:项目规划采用主观数据为了：Validate design modifications,such as those in an attribute prototype对设计更改进行验证，如那些原型的属性Track subjective targets throughout vehicle development主观目标贯穿了汽车发展的历程,Programs Use Subjective Data to: 项目规划采用主观数据为了：Identify Image Vehicles 确定与
16、想象中的汽车一致Link customer perceptions to engineering terms that pre-program can use to set targets 在规划前期阶段可根据顾客意见确定目标,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,3,传动系的NVH,空转的NVH,加速时的NVH,减速时的NVH,慢速行驶时的NVH,瞬时状态的NVH,路面的NVH,平滑路面的NVH,粗糙路面的NVH,不平路面的NVH,冲击路面的NVH,风的噪音,What is R202? 什么是R202？,Corporate p
17、rocedure defining a consistent method of subjectively evaluating vehicles in all functional attributes公司程序定义了一种关于汽车所有功能品质固定的主观评价的方法 The R201 scale of 1 to 10 is used to rate a group of vehicles defined as having a similar customer base R201从1到10分十个等级用于定义作为有相似顾客群的汽车的等级,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH S
18、ubjective Evaluation,4,Who Leads R202 Drives? 谁引导R202的驾驶？,Pre-program vehicle integration 项目规划前汽车的综合 Vehicle attribute engineering (attribute-specific drives) 汽车品质工程（品质-特殊推动器）,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,5,Who use R202 Data? 谁用R202的数据？,Pre-program attribute groups 项目规划前品质分组 P
19、rogram management teams 项目管理小组 Program attribute teams 项目品质小组,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,6,Where Do R202 Evaluations Take Place ? R202评估发生在什么地方？,Drives can be conducted at any location that allows operation of the vehicles under appropriate customer conditions. 汽车可以在任何消费者提出的
20、适当的条件下运行Examples: 例如,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,7,Any Ford proving ground 任何福特的实验场 Atlanta 亚特兰大 Cincinnati 辛辛那提 Others 其它,What is R201? 什么是R201？,Vehicle and attribute customer rating system车辆品质客户申述系统Engineering Rating Index工程申述指标Evaluation ofAttribute Performance 品质性能的评估Cust
21、omer Satisfactionor the Attribute 客户品质满意度ImprovementDesired by期望得到的改进,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,8,R201 Rating Tips R201的申诉处理,Ratings should reflect critical customer expectations 申诉应该反映危机客户的期望 Customer expectations may vary due to specific market class,segment or model 顾客的期
22、望由于特定的市场层次，类型而改变 Ratings are restricted to observations you made during the evaluation 在评估期间你所做的申诉观察报告是受到限制的 Do not guess or lower your ratings due to insufficient evaluation time 不要因为评估时间不足而猜测或降低你的申诉,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,9,Why Evaluate NVH ? 为什么评估汽车的噪声振动舒适度？,Customer
23、Importance On average,increase in customer desirability of Quietnesschanges the amount in 5 years as would be realized by Moving Up one vehicle segment. 顾客的重要性 平均起来， Cost For Taurus/Sable,NVH related issues accounted for over 25% of all TGWs. 消费 对于 ，NVH有关的期刊估计超过了 总量的25% Time On average, it takes 1 m
24、anweek to test and analyze 1 vehicle for vehicle-level road,wind,& powertrain NVH benchmarking. The Drive Team minimizes the amount of testing required. 时间 水平路面，风，以及传动系的噪声振动舒适度的基准。车队把测试需求的数量减到了最小,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,10,Three Levels of Evaluations 评估的三个等级,Each level pr
25、ovides a more detaild evaluation,which cascades from the customers perception of the vehicle to a diagnostic assessment of the vehicle. 每一个等级要求更多详细的评估，这些评估来自于顾客对汽车诊断估价的感受Level 1 Customers 等级 1 顾客Level 2 Drive Teams等级 2 车队Level 3 NVH Experts等级 3 NVH 专家,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluat
26、ion,11,NVH Evaluation Levels NVH 的评估等级,Level Operating conditions for customer correlation 等级 - 与顾客相关的运行条件Level Sub-Attributes for benchmarking,target setting and DVP等级 - 对于基准，设定目标和 的附属品质Level Detailed aspects for diagnostics and development,signoff evaluation and detailed benchmarking等级 详细的外部诊断后， 停
27、止评估并详述基准,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,12,Idle NVH 空转的噪声振动舒适度,Performed with the engine cold and warm,in neutral and drive,with clutch engaged and disengaged,with electrical consumers and the A/C compressor on and off, and with the steering wheel stationary and while turning.发动
28、机冷和热，空档和行驶，踩离合或松开离合，电瓶和空气压缩机开启和关闭以及方向盘固定和旋转,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,13,Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘的振动 Level 水平方向的 Shake 振动 Boom 隆隆声 Buzz 嗡嗡声 Roughness 粗糙的 Seat Vibration 座位的振动 Other 其它 Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声,Example 例子 B Segment Idle Sounds A: VW Polo Diesel B:Fiat P
29、unto Gas B部分空转声音 大众Polo的柴油机 菲亚特Punto的汽油机,Note the difference in sounds between a diesel and a gas engine idle.Both vehicles in drive,with all consumers off.两车行驶过程中关掉其它设备，把柴油机与汽油机发动机空转时不同的声音记录下来,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,4,Acceleration NVH 加速度的振动噪声舒适度,Performed on a smooth r
30、oad with light,medium and heavy throttle,from various initial speeds,in all gears.用所有档位以不同初始速度在平滑路面上进行轻，中，重油门加速Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘的振动 Level 水平方向的 Shake 振动 Linearity 线性的 Buzz 嗡嗡声 Roughness 粗糙的 Induction 感应装置 Seat Vibration 座位的振动 Exhaust 排气装置 Shake 振动 Other 其它 Buzz 嗡嗡声,Vehicle NVH Aw
31、areness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,15,Example 1st Gear Wide Open Throttle A:Lexus LS400 B:Acura NSX 例子 一档齿轮节流阀大开 A:Lexus LS400 B:Acura NSX,Note the difference between DESIRED sounds across segments.Both Vehicles Are rated highly within their own segment. 记录想得到的交叉声音片段间的不同.两汽车在他们各自的片段都是较高的,Vehicle
32、NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,16,Deceleration NVH 减速度的振动噪声舒适度 Performed on a smooth road,from various initial speeds,in all gears, due to full throttle release,due to slight reductions in throttle,and under coastdown conditions. 以所有档位，不同的初速度在平滑路面上进行，汽车处于下降状态是由于节流阀全开以及节流阀的微小变形,Vehicle N
33、VH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,17, Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘振动 Seat Vibration 座位振动, Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Level 水平方向的 Other 其它的,Cruise NVH 慢速行车的噪声振动舒适度 Performed at various speeds in all gears,while creeping and while lugging 在所有档位以不同速度爬行,Vehicle NVH Awareness
34、,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,18,Vehicle NVH Awareness, Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘振动 Seat Vibration 座位振动, Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Level 水平方向 Other 其它,Transients 无级变速 Automatic Shift Character 自动变速特性 Includes static engagements,all upshifts and single and double ratio downsh
35、ifts,from a variety of initial speeds 在各种初始速度时，包括静态结合，所有的调高速档和单一的以及双比调低速档 Tip In / Tip Out Performed from various initial speeds and at various vehicle loads. 以不同的汽车载荷和各种初速度进行 Take Off / Driveaway 离开/开走 Performed by accelerating from a complete stop. 从静止加速 Engine Start Up / Shut Off 发动机起动/熄火 Perform
36、ed by engine ignition.cranking,and shut off. 发动机点火，起动和熄火,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,19,Smooth Road Cruise NVH 平滑路面慢速行车的噪声振动舒适度 Performed at moderate speeds over a smooth road surface,while,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,20, Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibrat
37、ion 方向盘振动, Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Level 水平方向 Tire Noise 轮胎噪音 Other 其它,cornering and driving through sweeping turns. 以中等速度通过平滑路面，当转弯时完全转向, Seat Vibration 座位振动, Shake 振动 Nibble 轻振 Buzz 嗡嗡声,Coarse Road Cruise NVH 粗糙路面慢速行车的噪声振动舒适度,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,21,Performed atmoderate s
38、peeds over a coarse aggregate surface.,以中等速度通过粗糙的混凝土表面., Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘振动 Seat Vibration 座位振动, Amplitude 振幅 Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Level 等级 Boom 隆隆声 Rumble 辘辘声, Amplitude 振幅 Shake 振动 Buzz 嗡嗡声, Speech Intelligibility 语音清晰度 Other 其它,例子 30mph Cruise Glen Eagles Road at DPG 以每小时30英里行过
39、鹰峡路在 A:Mercury Mystique B:Chrysler Cirrus,Note differences in sound quality and loudness between vehicles within the CD segment. 把两车之间不同的声音质量和响度记录在光盘上,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,22,Example,Rough Road Cruise NVH 起伏路面慢速行驶的噪声振动舒适度 Performed at moderate speeds over a rough surfa
40、ce. 以中速通过一个起伏路面,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,23, Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘振动 Amplitude 振幅 Harshness 刺耳声 Seat Vibration 座位振动, Level 水平方向 Boom 隆隆声, Squeaks & Rattles 吱吱声 Harshness 刺耳声, Speech Intelligibility 语音清晰度 Other 其它, Amplitude 振幅 Harshness 刺耳声, Shake 振动,40mph
41、Cruise over Rough Road at DPG 每小时40英里通过起伏路面在 A:Toyota 4Runner B:Ford Explorer,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,24,Example例子,Note differences in sound quality and loudness between vehicles within the sport utility segment. 把两车在行进的有效段里声音质量和响度的不同记录下来,Impact Cruise NVH 碰撞慢速行驶时的噪声振动舒适度
42、 Performed at low speeds over an isolated bump,such as a step up or down,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.8 NVH Subjective Evaluation,25,Sound 声音 Steering Wheel Vibration 方向盘振动 Amplitude 振幅 Harshness 刺耳声 Seat Vibration 座位振动,以低速通过一个单独的不平物体，如一个上下的台阶, Amplitude 振幅 Shake 振动, Level 水平方向 Boom 隆隆声, Harshness 刺耳声, Squeaks & Rattles 吱吱声 Harshness 刺耳声,
