1、1,Translation Between English and Chinese,任课教师: 黄勤,2,Tel: 61320892; 13554086303 E-mail: huangqin QQ: 826679366,3,Teaching Objectives,Knowledge of difference between English and Chinese languages and cultures. Understanding of basic translation theories. Acquisition of translation techniques. Practi
2、ce of translation between English and Chinese at a speed of 250-300 words /one hour.,4,Textbook,1.王卫平主编. 英汉互译-方法与实践, 华中科技大学出版社，2007.Reference Books 2.谭卫国主编.新编英汉互译教程,华东理工大学 出版社, 2005. 3.郭著章、李庆生编著.英汉互译实用教程，武汉大学出版社,2007. 4.汪涛编著.实用英汉互译技巧,武汉大学出版社,2007. 5.连淑能编著. 英译汉教程, 高等教育出版社,2006.,5,增译,省译,转译,引申,同义反译,名词从
3、句,定语从句,状语从句,长句翻译,课程教学思路,重复,英语三态,结构调整,文化对比,语言对比,词语处理,句子处理,主语的确定,谓语的选择,无主句,连谓句,兼语句,复杂句,篇章处理,实用翻译,6,Principles for Translation,The Nature of Translation,Categories of Translation,The Development of Translation,Prerequisites for a Translator,The Origin of Translation,P r a c t i c e,Teaching Plan for Le
4、cture One,Functions of Translation,Process of Translation,7,The History of Translation,Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated eastward, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another,“ Come, let us make bricks,and b
5、urn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone,and bitumen for mortar.Then they said ,“Come , let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens,and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of,1.What does the Following Story Tell
6、Us ?,8,the whole earth.” The Lord came down to see the city and the tower,which mortals had built .And the Lord said, “Look, they are one people,and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come,
7、 let us go down,and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers speech.” So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth , and they left off building the city.,9,Therefore it was called Babel,because there the Lord confused the language of
8、all the earth;and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. (Holy Bible,1995:14).,10,11,The story tells us that language makes it possibel for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete every task in human life.In a certain sense ,people who canno
9、t understand one anothers speech are unable to carry out their grand plans and are incapable of accomplishing great tasks. In order to help people communicate with and learn from one another, a new career known as translation came into being.,12,Origin of Translation,In Europe, the first translator
10、was the manumitted(freed) Greek slave Livius Andronicus, (奥多尼科斯) who in about 240 B.C. rendered Odyssey into Latin verse. In China we didnt have any record of translation until Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C.-256 B.C.)“The Song of Yue Nationality”( 越人歌）appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period (722 B.C-481 B
11、.C) ,which might be considered as the first poem translated in ancient China.,13,In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places.,Ji ( in the east)Xiang (in the south)Didi (in the west)Yi (in the north)东方曰寄， 南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译。,14,Three Peaks of Translation in
12、History,1. The Translation of Buddhist Classics:the First PeakEast Han Dynasty-Tang and Song DynastyIndian and Central Asian Buddhist monks as well as Chinese ones conversant in both the doctrines and Sanskrit.支谦、道安、玄奘、鸠摩罗什（Kumarajiva）真谛2. The Translation of Books on Science and Technology, Literatu
13、re and Philosophy:the Second Peak.Ming and Qing Dynasty 徐光启、李之藻、林则徐、李善兰、林纾、严复3. The Translation of Classics of Marxsim :the Third Peak.after May 4th Movement陈望道、李达、鲁迅、瞿秋白、茅盾、林语堂( 1950and 1960s: 傅雷、杨宪益 ),15,Question 2: What are the Functions of Translation? a means of cross-linguistic, cross-cultural
14、 communication; an instrument for transmitting culture; a technique for improving language acquisition; encouraging social development.,main,16,Definitions of Translation,“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也.”贾公彦(唐朝,618-907) “夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。音虽似别，义则大同。” 法云(宋代,960-1279) 翻译是将一种文字之真义全部移至另一种文字而绝不失其风格的神韵。 (吴献书:1949） 翻译是用一种语
15、言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 (张培基:1980） 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。 （刘宓庆,1990） 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 （王克非,1997） 翻译是语际之间的信息传递和语族之间的文化交流。 （萧立明，2001）,17,Some terms,source /original language (writer) target / receptor language (text) translator version translation message content Meaning Style,18,T
16、ranslating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida and Charles R.Taber, 1982:12)翻译就是用译入语中最自然贴切的对等语来再现原语的信息，首先是就意义而言，其次是就风格而言。 (奈达),19,A good translation
17、is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.Alexander Fraser Tytler(1790:2
18、)好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。（泰特勒，1790）,20,3.What is Translation?,Translation is reproducing the meaning of one language in another language so as to communicate with the people speaking different languages. Meanwhile people can exchange ideas, transmit cu
19、lture awareness, stimulate social civilization, especially stimulate the development and prospect of the culture of the target language.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化意识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。,21,1. In terms of languages:Interlingual translation, Intralingual translation, Intersemiotic tran
20、slation 2. In terms of mode:interpretation, translation and machine translation; 3. In terms of style translation of scientific materials; translation of literary works;translation of political essays ;translation of practical writing 4. In terms of disposal:full-text translation; abridged translati
21、on (摘译);adapted translation (编译).,Categories of translation,22,4. What should be the qualities for a good translator? 1). Youre telling me. (slang:I know that very well./I knew that Long ago.)我早知道了。/还用你告诉我。2).That speech was the making of him.那次演说是他得以成功的保证。3). You cant be too careful. 4). It is five
22、 years since he smoked.,23,5).那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终使其论文得以付梓。 That graduate student at his lifes full flowering was eager to learn,worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years,and finally he had his thesis published.6).那位学贯中西的我国学者和英文大师，年轻时赴美负笈哈佛一年，即得硕士。 That Chinese scholar who knows China and the West qu
23、ite well and a master of English went to the United States when he was young,and studied there at Harvard University for only one year before he got his Masters degree.,24,付雷说：“谈到翻译，我觉得最难对付的倒是原文中最简单最明白而最短的句子。”,25,1).John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰是可靠的。他不吃鱼，还玩游戏。 他忠实得斋日不
24、吃荤，凡事都循规蹈矩。 （连淑能，2005） 约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。（郭著章，2005）2).那地方是块肥肉，谁都想吃。 That place is a fat of meat which every one wants to eat. That place is an attractive piece of meat coveted by all.,26,吕叔湘先生：译家应该是“杂家”,27,1)The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent. 敌人杀害了我们一个同志，我们宰了一个敌特。2) The
25、peasants and workers were hand in glove withone another in the struggle against the landlords and capitalists who workerd hand in glove with each other. 在反对狼狈为奸的地主和资本家的斗争中,工人和农民团结一致(亲如手足).,28,Qualities for a Good Translator,1. excellent command of the relevant languages . 2. broad knowledge of cultu
26、res and related subjects. 3. careful attitude and political consciousness.4.plenty of practice and adequate knowledge of translation theories and techniques.You can never be too careful in your translation. Only in this way can you do your translation well.,main,29,The Nature of Translation,Is Trans
27、lation an Art or a Science?翻译是一种艺术，而非科学.英汉翻译津指陈生保艺术表现个性，因人而异；科学表现共性，不容变动。 艺术创作千差万别，不同的人对同一题材、同一内容的表现方法可以有所不同；而科学研究则需按照一定的规律，遵循一定的方法，不同的人得出的结论完全相同。 艺术创作表现作者的气质和风格；科学发明则反映客观存在。 科学上的成果可以通过学习和推广为全人类所共有；而艺术创作则难于模仿，永远属于个人所有，永远带有个人的独特风格。,30,翻译不仅是一种艺术，一种技巧，还是一门科学。所谓科学，是指可以采用处理语言结构的科学途径、语义分析的途径和信息论来处理翻译问题，也就
28、是采取语言学的、描写的方法来解释翻译过程。 奈达编译者认为，翻译是科学的观点是不能成立的，翻译不是科学，翻译学才是科学。新编奈达论翻译谭载喜,31,1. When referred to a subject, translation is a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to obey. 2. When referred to some specific pieces of translation, it is like an art,
29、with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator. 3. When referred to a process, in which something is translated, it is a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science, the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and p
30、rinciples are universally applicable. Besides it entails a lot of practiceparticular craftsmanship and skills which are displayed by touches of different translators.,32,Principles of Translation,Faithfulness、 Expressiveness and Elegance严复天演论“Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of th
31、e original content of thought;“Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense;“Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.,(信、达、 雅),33,1.梁实秋的“宁错务顺” “Its better to have a smooth version tha
32、n a faithful one.” 2.鲁迅的“宁信不顺” Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) in opposition to Liang Shi-qius translation principle in 1930s. 3.傅雷的“神似” TL should be similar to SL both in Form and in Spirit. 4.刘重德的“信、达、切” faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness. 5.瞿秋白的“信顺统一” 。 6.林语堂的“忠实
33、、通顺、美” 7.钱钟书的“化境” sublime,34,Eugene A. Nidas : The translator is to produce as nearly possible the same effect on his readers as was produced on the readers of the original.,35,1)A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 译文应完整地复述出原作的思想 . 2)The style and manne
34、r of writing should be of the same character as that of the original 译文的风格与笔调应与原作的性质一致。 3)A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 译文应与原作一样流畅。 -A. F. Tytler,36,Peter Newmarks : Semantic translation and Communicative translation.Semantic translation attempts to render ,as c
35、losely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. (语义翻译力图在译作语言的语义结构和句法结构允许的情况下，译出原作在上下文中的准确意义。）Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the
36、original. （交际翻译力图对译作读者产生尽可能接近原作读者所获得的效果。）,37,Faithfulness refers to that the content and style of TL should be faithful to the SL.Smoothness requires that the version should be clear and distinct, flowing and easy to read without signs of the mechanical word-for-word translation, of obscure language
37、, of grammatical mistakes, confused structure and logic.,4.What are Your Translation Principles? Faithfulness and Smoothness,38,. Translation Process *Correct Comprehension*Exact Representation * Revision and Proofreading,39,Practice,一、选择正确的答案 1我国的翻译事业最初是从翻译 开始的。 A佛经 B西方科学著作 C外国文学作品 D圣经 2严复翻译了许多著作，下
38、面哪一部不是他翻译的? 。 A天演论 B原富 C穆勒名学 D海外轩渠录 3钱钟书曾发表一篇文章谈到：“我自己就是读了他的翻译而增加了学习外国语文的兴趣的。”“接触了他的翻译，我才知道西洋小说会那么迷人。”这里的“他”指的是 。 A林语堂 B林纾 C鲁迅 D严复,40,二、翻译下列词组 A英译汉 1expressway 2The Great Hall of the People 3Immunity 4. opening to the outside world 5biological engineeringB汉译英 1人民代表大会 2国际文化交流 3希望工程 4国际金融 5客座教授,41,三、改
39、译下列翻译不正确的句子 1. My delegation is not satisfied that the case has yet been made for convening such a broad conference. 我方代表团对于没有人提出理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议很不满意。 2.The nationalized industries have been spoon-fed for so long that they dont care whether they give value for money, or make a profit or loss. 国有工业长期受到
40、优厚待遇， 他们不在乎钱， 也不在乎盈利或亏损。,42,3. Very hesitatingly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field. 我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地画了一笔，就像雪白的田野上的一粒蚕豆那么大小。 4. 只因你父亲亡后，我一个寡妇人家，只有出去的，没有进来的。 A. But since your father died and I a widow, have h
41、ad nothing coming in, only going out.,43,5. 古城为1671年大火焚毁，现已辟为旅游地和高级住宅区。Burned down in the 1671 fire, the Ancient City has been developed into a tourist place and high-grade residential district. 6. 在过去的50多年里，由于体育工作者和运动员的共同努力，体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。Owing to the concerted efforts of sports organizers and athletes, physical culture and sports have made gratifying achievements in the past 5 decades.,44,Email: husttranslation Password: 1234567,45,Thank you!,
