1、Knighthood,Knight,Status,Knights belong to the lowest level of the noble class（贵族阶层），usually with only a small fiefdoms（封地）. European medieval times chaotic situation, the king and nobles all need some people in the war with overwhelming advantage arms , so they will trained some young people to bec
2、ome knights.,Knights were the soldiers who guarded the castle and the lords land around the castle. They spent most of their time either guarding the village and castle or practicing their fighting skills. Knights usually had a helmet and sword, a lance(长矛）, a battle axe, and a leg harness(甲胄).,They
3、 are all things that are used for fighting and defending themselves. To become a knight a young man would first have to be a squire(侍从). He would practice fighting at the castle and he would help a knight at tournaments by carrying his armor. He would also help a knight if he was injured.,LoyaltyFai
4、thHonourCourage,Two Ranks,Bachelor 见习骑士（学徒兵）Banneret 骑士,Armor of a Knight,Weapons of a Knight,lance,bow,shield,axe,sword,A knight in chainmail armor,Example of chainmail armor,Armor of a Knight,Early medieval Norman knights charging English foot-soldiers at the Battle of Hastings (1066 C.E.),Armor o
5、f a Knight,Among the earliest metallic armor to be worn by medieval knights was chainmail armor, consisting of tens of thousands of interlocking rings woven painstakingly by hand to form a shirt, coif（紧箍着头之帽贴）, or leggings（绑腿）.,Armor of a Knight,Underneath the metal armor the knight would wear a pad
6、ded garment known variously as an “aketon “(铠衣）, or ”gambeson“（软铠甲）. To this defensive equipment he added a shield, usually made of leather-covered wood, and a helmet.,A fully plate-armored knight,Ironically it was soon after the development of the full suit of plate armor that the medieval knights
7、advantage in battle began to wane（衰落）. With the effective use of gunpowder weapons (ca. 15th/16th century) not even plate armor could protect the knight, and the cumbersome（笨重的） armor gradually became ineffective and impractical.,Armor of a Knight,Life of a Knight,First born in the medieval European
8、 noble family. At the age of seven: a page boy（侍童 ） In the 14 years old: a squire （侍从） To 21 years old: be ready to become a knight,Other weapons finding use in the hands of the medieval knight were the mace (metal club)（狼牙棒，钉头锤）, and war hammer.The weapons of a knight still hold fascination for man
9、y people today. Weapons catalogs, Medieval and Renaissance Fairs, and museums continue to draw attention to the brutal and deadly weapons of a knight.,Weapons of a Knight,Crusade （十字军东征）,Crusades marked the Cavaliers cultural golden age is arrived.the Crusaders is considered the perfect knight. Reca
10、pture the Holy Land from the infidels（异教徒）, to protect the helpless pilgrims （朝圣者）, was seen as the highest duty of the knight.,Chivalry骑士精神,In peacetime, military is weaken.After the Crusades ,Mistress in court often plays an important role.,Humility 谦卑 Honor 荣誉 Sacrifice 牺牲 Valor 英勇,Compassion怜悯 H
11、onesty 诚实 Spirituality 精神 Justice 公正,Suzerain, bishop :,Be without fear in the face of your enemies. Be brave and upright that God may thee. Speak the truth even if it leads to your death. Safeguard the helpless. That is your oath. And that so you remember it. Rise a knight!,Knights:,I will be brave
12、 against the strong. 我将勇敢地面对强敌 I will fight all who do wrong. 我将毫无保留地对抗罪人 I will fight for those who cannot fight. 我将为不能战斗者而战 I will help those who call me for help. 我将帮助那些需要我帮助的人 I will harm no woman. 我将不伤害妇孺 I will help my brother knight. 我将帮助我的骑士兄弟 I will be true to my friends. 我将忠实地对待朋友 I will b
13、e faithful in love.我将真诚地对待爱情,King Arthur,The British legend of King Arthur was popularised throughout Europe in the Middle Ages by the Welsh cleric Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae,Knights,the gift of freedom is yours by right.But the home we seek resides not in some distant lan
14、d. It is in us and in our actions on this day. If this be our destiny, then so be it. But let history remember that as free men we chose to make it so. Arthur,Excalibur 王者之剑The Sword in the Stone 石中剑,Queen Guinivere,King Arthur and His Round-table Knights,The Winchester Round Table,Lancelot,Gawain,G
15、alahad,Bors,Tristan,Dagonet,Rules for Knights,To never do outrage nor murder.永不暴怒和谋杀。 Always to flee treason.永不背叛。 To by no means be cruel but to give mercy unto him who asks for mercy.永不残忍，给予求降者以宽恕。 To always do ladies, gentlewomen and widows succor. 总是给予女士以援助。 To never force ladies, gentlewomen or widows.永不胁迫女士。 Not to take up battles in wrongful quarrels.永不因争吵而卷入战斗。,
