1、雅思小作文题型多样，其中就包括地图题，本文将详细讲解雅思小作文地图题写作技巧。评分标准TA Task Achievement 任务完成情况CC Coherence and Cohesion 意合与形合LR Lexical Resource 词汇资源GRA Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法广度与精确度审题The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.文章结构第一段交待写作目的第二段描述 1995 年的地图第三段拿现在的地图和 95 年
2、的做对比第四段总结全文第一段This report compares how the village of Ryemouth has developed and changed since the year of 1995.题目：The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.第二段As is clearly described in the first picture, Ryemouth was a coastal city which was divided in
3、to three parts by two roads. In the southern part, there was a fishing port on the sea, with a fish market located in the north and a coffee shop in the north-east. A block of shops was situated on the opposite side of the market第三段In the second picture, the village changed a lot. The fishing port h
4、as been removed and the fish market is replaced by apartments. Several restaurants also occupy the place of the shops on the roadside. Moreover, a parking lot is newly built on the east of the hotel. In addition, 第四段Overall, based on the brief description above, it is clear that the general layout o
5、f the village does not change a lot, while some newly-built facilities and housing has ornamented the small village.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagram below shows the development of the village of Kelsby between 1780 and 2000. Summarise the information by sele
6、cting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. 新东方樊黎明：A 类雅思地图题写作攻略 首先注意两个点： 1. 时态：本文的时间是明确的，是三个过去的时间，因此全文应当使用一般过去时。有些地图会有将来的规划，那么则应使用相应的一般将来时。 2. 顺序：该图属于动态的地图题，这种类型的地图题一律按照时间顺序来写。在这道题中，也就是按照图的顺序依次来写，不要把元素拆开。如果是静态的地图题(即不涉及时间变化的题型)，则按照空间顺序来写。 下面我们
7、一起来分析文章的写作。 第一段：引言段。 引言段就是把题目进行改写。原文中的 diagram，可以替换成 three maps/ illustrations. 原文中的 shows，可以改为 illustrate/ demonstrate/ indicate 等词。宾语 development，可以替换成 changes，也可以改为宾语从句 how the village of Kelsby developed/ changed. 题目中给出的时间比较模糊，可以具体化为 in 1780, 1860 and 2000. 【例文】The three maps illustrate how the
8、village of Kelsby changed in 1780, 1860 and 2000. 第二段：介绍 1780 年的情况。 1780 年的情况只涉及到静态的数据，因此只需要用存在句即可表达，不涉及任何变化的单词。但是，考生非常容易把这些元素全部用 there be 这个句型来表达，从而导致句式单一。表示存在的句型除了 there be 之外，还有非常简单的 have 句型，还有 lie/ be located/ be situated 这样的结构。另外还有一种倒装句型，比如“桌子上面有一本书” ，可以翻译为 on the desk is a book. 除此之外，要注意几个元素的顺
9、序问题。这里有四大元素：住宅区 homes，树林woods，农场 farms，还有一条河流 river。理论上只要按照一定的空间顺序 (比如顺时针、逆时针，从左到右)都是可以的，但是要考虑家庭数量的变化是导致其它所有变化的根本原因，因此建议先写。 还有就是土地单位的表达，land 是不可数名词，因此不能说 a land，只能说 a piece of land。为了表达更加精确，可以用 a plot of land(一小块)，a stretch of(一长片)，a large expanse of (一大片 )。 另外还有注意方位词的表达。地图题中常用的方位词有：in the east/ wes
10、t/ south/ north of . ; in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of .; 如果是在角落，可以用 in the southwestern corner of . ; 在河流的上/ 下游：at the lower/ upper reaches of the river; 在河岸：alongside the riverbank, 在河流的南端：at the southern end of the river. 【例文】In 1780, Kelsby had only 100 homes. There was a larg
11、e expanse of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the centre. In the west was a river flowing from north to south. 第三段：介绍 1860 年的变化。 这一年的变化并没有时间先后，因此还是按照空间顺序来进行。图上多了一个元素，即道路和桥梁的修建。需要特别注意的是，因为考虑到和上文的呼应，这两个元素一定要放在后面讲，而家庭数量的增加和农场、树林面积的减少应当先讲。这个原则我们简称叫“先拆后建”原则、 第二点是时间的表
12、达问题。上文中刚刚出现过 in 1780，这里还是用 in 1860 的话，句式上就会出现重复。因此可以按照动态图里面学过的表达方法，把年份用作主语，用 saw/ witnessed 这两个词把数据引出来。 第三点是“建”这个词的英文表达。常见的词有 build, construct(一般建筑物)，erect(高大的建筑物)，establish/ set up(无建筑的物体或抽象的机构) ，pave(道路的修建)。另外，如果涉及到拆除，则需要记住 demolish, pull down, knock down 这些单词。需要重点指出的是，这些表示“建”和“拆”的词都应当使用被动语态，这一点和普
13、通流程图是一致的。 【例文】The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was halved. In the same year, a bridge was constructed over the river and a road was paved linking the river to the residences. 第四段：介绍 2000 年的变化。 首先还是时间的表达，这里可以再换一种结构，比如 140 years later/ After 140 y
14、ears。首先还是“先拆后建” ，先说树林农场彻底消失，然后在交代新的元素：学校和操场。要记住的是，道路是不需要交代方位的，只需要把起点和终点表达出来即可，用 link A to B 或者 connect A with B 这类词组连接。因此，道路的描写应放到学校、操场的后面。 【例文】140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared. In their places, several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential areas in the north via a newly-build road. Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.
