1、第三部分 中考题型解读,第四节 阅读理解,阅读理解是每年广州市中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为40分,约占整套试题总分的36%。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文而获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等,考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此,阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化,广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面,也更加体现了时代性和可读性,题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。,题型突破,掌握中考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧,正确地理解和分析问题,考生应从以下几个方面入手：1.抓住文章的首句和末句文章段落的首句和末句,一般表达文章的主题和
2、段落的中心思想,其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此,首先要搜索目标,找出文章及段落中的主题句。了解了它们的含义,就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息,从而获得解决问题的答案。,解题技巧,2.进行合理推断对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后,就要按照文章内容和上下文的逻辑关系,作出推理判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面知识。答题时,要领会句子之间的逻辑关系,特别是相邻句子之间的关系,这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词短语、关系词、插入语等,通读时应特别注意。,解题技巧,如：if，because，though，as，whic
3、h，it，and,but,however,therefore,so,for example，so that,so.that,on one hand.,on the other (hand).等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用,正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用,对做阅读理解题是大有好处的。,解题技巧,3.猜测推敲生词阅读短文时,常常会遇到一些生词。这时,考生要沉着、冷静,细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解,就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外,还可以从含有生词句子的上下文,以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其
4、真正含义。 猜测生词的另一种方法是,根据构词法推测。遇到生词后,可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词,其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此词词义为“不贵的,便宜的”。,解题技巧,4.利用常识解题多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解。如果对文章的相关背景有所了解,读起文章来一定既省时又省力。因此,在学习过程中,了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。考生应了解下列知识：(1)著名作家、艺术家及其主要作品；(2)了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等；,解题技巧,(3)多看新闻联播、世界各地和各类英语
5、讲座等节目；(4)使用各种工具书,查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件等；(5)熟记常用的缩略词语。,解题技巧,5.正确理解题干纵观历年中考试题,阅读理解试题一般有以下几种题型：一是直接回答who,whom,which,what,where,when,why,how等疑问词引起的细节问题；二是猜测词义题；三是推理判断题；四是综合概括题。 在做阅读理解题时,一定要仔细看完、看清楚试题要求再作答,特别要注意NOT,TRUE,EXCEPT等词。,解题技巧,有时,要先看题后阅读文章,带着问题去读短文,可缩短阅读时间,效果也许会更好。 总之,阅读理解试题是中考试题中非常重要的一项内容,占有举足轻重的地位。如果学
6、生按上述答题方法去做,再做些适当的练习,一定会在阅读理解试题上取得比较理想的成绩。,解题技巧,(2016广州)阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从2645各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。（A） “Save the whales!” Thats what the picture on Jake Smiths bedroom wall said.Jake liked having a picture that said something important; that showed he cared.He just never exp
7、ected to get a chance to save a real whale，one right in his own neighbourhood.,真题分析,It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whalescoming.A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jakes hometown.All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them.They wer
8、e expecting a beautiful show，better than a movie，but nothing theyd have to do anything about.,真题分析,Then one whale swam in their direction，directly towards land.It came in with the waves，and when the waves receded, it stayed.Its huge body rested on the sand.Suddenly，Jake and his family and all the ot
9、hers were no longer sightseers.They had to become rescuers.A few people ran towards the animal.They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water，but it was no use.,真题分析,An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery，to help move the animal.Jack and his
10、family couldnt do much on the beach，so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.At least，Jake thought，they could help in some way. Back at the beach，they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was,真题分析,needed.It was getting dark.Some peop
11、le lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand.The rescuers would not give up.After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water.Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea.It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the
12、sea.Then，in what looked like a jump of joy，,真题分析,it rose high above the watera thank-you to those who had worked so hard to save its life.( ) 26.What does the picture on Jakes wall tell us about him?A.He lived near the ocean. B.He cared about the environment.C.He worked as an animal rescuer. D. He t
13、hought whales were the most beautiful animals.,真题分析,( ) 27.Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning?A.To swim with the whales. B.To help rescue the whales.C.To see the whales swimming. D.To watch a movie about whales.,真题分析,( ) 28.The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means _
14、.A.didnt move B.went back out C.washed over D.got up,真题分析,( ) 29.How did Jake and his family help save the whale?A.By calling the rescue service. B.By asking their neighbours for help.C.By giving the rescuers food and drink. D.By controlling the people on the beach.,真题分析,( ) 30.In what order did the
15、 events of the whale rescue take place?a.The whale disappeared under the sea. b.People turned on the lights of their cars.c.Rescuers lifted the whale into the water. d.Animal rescue service brought its truck.e.People pushed the whale towards the sea.A.e-d-b-c-a B.e-b-c-d-a C.d-b-e-a-c D.a-e-b-d-c,真题
16、分析,【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了人们齐心协力帮助一头鲸重回大海的故事。26.B 解析：细节理解题。根据Jake liked having a picture that said something important: that showed he cared.可知，他关心的是环境，故选B。27.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的They were expecting a beautiful show，better than a movie可知人们期待鲸的表演，也就是它的泳姿，故选C。,真题分析,28.B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的It came in with the w
17、aves及 Its huge body on the sand可知浪潮退去，鲸留在了沙滩上，故选B。29.C 解析：细节理解题。根据从第四段的Jake and his family couldnt do much on the beach so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.可知Jake和家人给救援人员做了些吃的和喝的，故选C。,真题分析,30.A 解析：排序题。通读全文可知鲸最终获救游回大海，故a位于末尾，故排除C项和D项;救援人员到了之后，人们打开车灯给救援人员照
18、明，故d在b之前，故选A。,真题分析,(B) It may be hard to believe，but the American Revolution(革命)the war that freed the American states from British controlbegan over a cup of tea.Tea was not the only thing that caused the war，of course，but it played a very big part. The British peoples love of tea is well-known.Whe
19、n the British won control over much of,真题分析,North America in the early 1700s，they brought their tea-drinking habits with them.Tea quickly became the continents most popular drink.As tea could not be grown locally，just as in Britain，it was shipped into the countrymostly from India. In the early 1700s
20、，the British government made a special deal with the East India Company，as an English trading company.They agreed that,真题分析,no other company was allowed to bring tea to Britain or any country controlled by Britain，including America.It was a great deal for the East India Company，since it meant that t
21、he company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products.And it always decided on a high price! In North America，the local people did not like having to pay such high prices.Instead of,真题分析,overpaying for tea from the British，they turned to Dutch traders，who secretly brought tea to the coun
22、try that was just as goodand much less expensive.Although this broke the law，the American people didnt care.They got the same cup of tea at a much lower price. The East India Company，however，didnt like this at all.By the 1760s，they were losing,真题分析,millions of pounds each year to Dutch tradersa huge
23、 amount of money in a time when 60 a year was considered a good income.Instead of reducing their prices to compete with the Dutch，the company asked the British government for help and the government agreed.In 1767，the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were,真题分析
24、,brought into America.These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything.The American leaders asked the British government not to do so，but the British refused to listen.These unfair laws increased Americansanger about British rule and t
25、he rest，as they say，is history.,真题分析,( ) 31.In the early 1700s where did most tea drunk in America come from?A.China. B.India. C.America. D.Britain.( ) 32.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to _.A.the tea maker B.the American governmentC.the British government D.the East India Company,真题
26、分析,( ) 33.Why did many Americans begin to buy tea from the Dutch traders?A.The tea was much cheaper. B.The tea was a lot healthier.C.They could buy it more easily. D.They didnt want to support the British.,真题分析,( ) 34.What did the East India Company do to stop losing money?A.It reduced the price of
27、its tea. B.It improved the taste of its tea.C.It introduced a new kind of tea. D.It asked the British government for help.,真题分析,( ) 35.What is the passage mainly about?A.Tea trade in eighteenth-century America.B.The relationship between America and Britain.C.A reason for the start of the American Re
28、volutionary War.D.The introduction of British tea-drinking habits into America.,真题分析,【答案与解析】本文是说明文，讲述了美国独立革命爆发的一个重要原因茶，可谓是“茶引发的一场革命”。英国对美国实行殖民统治的同时带去了喝茶的习惯，但由于英国政府允许一家公司操纵茶叶市场并导致茶价等物价上涨，最终导致人民不堪重负而发动革命战争。,真题分析,31.B 解析：细节理解题。根据As tea could not be grown locally，just as in Britain，it was shipped into t
29、he countrymostly from India.可知当时美国的咖啡豆来自India，故选B。32.D 解析：细节理解题。根据It was a great deal for the East India Company，since it meant that the company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products.可知“那个公司总是定个高价”，故选D。,真题分析,33.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二行that was just as goodand much less expensive可知因为那里的茶比
30、较便宜，故选A。34.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句the company asked the British government for help and the government agreed可知，请求英国政府帮忙，故选D。,真题分析,35.C 解析： 主旨大意题。根据本文讲述了美国革命爆发的其中一个重要原因茶。该文属于说明文，首段已给出了全文的中心句。故选C。,真题分析,（C）Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa，a small v
31、illage in Peru，South America.However，things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area.The villagers were forced to use oil lamps，which are not only expensive but also dangerous,真题分析,because of the harmful gases they produce. Luckily，researchers
32、at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima，Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution.They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil，both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies.The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wood
33、en box and,真题分析,uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible，the science behind the idea is quite simple.As plants create their food (using the suns energy，water and chemicals from the soil)，they also produce waste which they return to the soil.Tiny animals
34、in the soil eat this waste and they produce electronsthe building blocks of electrical,真题分析,energy.The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use.The researchers say a single charge can power a 50-watt LED light for two hoursenou
35、gh time for local villagers to get their evening work done. The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015.So far，,真题分析,they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez，the UT professor who invented the lamp，believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of m
36、any people，especially small rainforest communities，42% of whom have no electricity.,真题分析,( ) 36.What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?A.They are difficult to use and create pollution.B.They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C.They are difficult to repair and produce littl
37、e light.D.They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.,真题分析,( ) 37.The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from _.A.plant food B.plant waste C.the soils heat D.the suns energy( ) 38.What is true about the Plant Lamp?A.It can be made by local people.B.It is much easier to use than oil la
38、mps.C.It can produce all the electricity the village needs.D.The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.,真题分析,( ) 39.The Plant Lamps inventor believes it could be most helpful for _.A.rainforest communities B.carsC.poor people in cities D.farmers( ) 40.What is the purpose of the passag
39、e?A.To report on a new invention. B.To explain a new scientific theory.C.To describe how electricity is made. D.To discuss the problems of poor villages.,真题分析,【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新发明。它能够让没有供电的雨林地区的人们利用丰富的植物资源制造一种新的“植物电灯”。36.D 解析：细节理解题。根据The villagers were forced to use oil lamps，which are not only
40、expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.可知，油灯不仅贵还会产生有害气体。故选D。,真题分析,37.B 解析：细节理解题。根据Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(土壤里面的微生物吃掉了植物产生的废物并生成了电子)，可知这种植物等所产生的电来源于植物所产生的废物，故选B。,真题分析,38.D 解析：细节理解题。根据They made a lamp that can be powered by pla
41、nts and soil，both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies.可知植物灯发电的材料主要是植物，而植物在雨林地区很容易找到，故选D。,真题分析,39. A 解析：细节理解题。从全文最后一句话可知该植物灯更多是用于那些没有供电的地区，如热带雨林，故选A。 40.A 解析：主旨大意题。根据本文主要介绍了一项新发明植物灯，故选A。,真题分析,真题分析,(D)Christmas Singing Competition 2016Entry Form (参赛表),真题分析,C
42、ompetition Rules: Relatives of judges(评委) and organizers are not allowed to take part in the competition. All singers must be between 13 and 19 years of age. Singers aged 17 or younger need the permission of a parent to take part (See Parent Permission below). All singers must arrive at least 30 min
43、utes before the start of the competition.Late comers will not be allowed to take part.,真题分析,Prizes: 1st Prize$ 1000 (one prize only) 2nd Prize$ 250 (3 prizes) 3rd Prize$ 100 (5 prizes) Winners will be decided according to the following:,真题分析,( ) 41.How many people will be given prizes in total?A.Thr
44、ee. B.Five. C.Nine. D.Ten.( ) 42.Who can take part in the competition?A.A 20-year-old singer. B.A 19-year-old daughter of a judge.C.A 15-year-old friend of an organizer. D.A 12-year-old friend of William Daniels.,真题分析,( ) 43.If one singers parents want to watch the competition，how much will they pay
45、?A.$ 15. B.$ 20. C.$ 25. D.$ 30.( ) 44.Which of the following is the most important for deciding the winners?A.Voice Quality B.Song Choice. C.Audience Response. D.Dancing Ability.,真题分析,( ) 45.If an 18-year-old singer wants to enter the competition，which parts of the form must be completed?A.Singers
46、Name.B.Singers Name and Singers Age.C.Singers Name，Singers Age and Date of Event.D.Singers Name，Singers Age and Parent Permission.,真题分析,【语篇解读】本文属于应用文，介绍了一项歌唱比赛的参赛须知等内容。41.C 解析： 细节理解题。根据Prizes:1st Prize$ 1000 (one prize only)；2nd Prize$ 250 (3 prizes)；3rd Prize$ 100 (5 prizes)从文中奖项设置可知一等奖1名，二等奖3名及三等奖
47、5名，共9个奖，故选C。,真题分析,42.C 解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的Competition Rules可知，参赛选手年龄在1319岁之间，且评委和组织者的亲戚不能参赛。A和D选项年龄不符合，B选项的daughter不符合，故选C。43.D 解析： 细节理解题。根据文中可知大人的门票是15 美元，父母两人共需30美元，故选D。,真题分析,44.A 解析： 细节理解题。根据文中的Winners will be decided according to the following可知 Voice Quality占50%，比例最大，故选A。45.B 解析： 细节理解题。根据C选项的“Date
48、 of Event”已经给出，故选手不需要提供该信息；该选手已经18岁，不需要征得父母同意，故D选项不符合。A选项信息不全。故选B。,真题分析,二、(2015广州)阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。(A)This is a tale of two friendsone is blind,the other has no arms.On their own,the two are “disabled”.But together,they are a powerful team that has changed part o
49、f their village in North Chinas Hebei Province into a rich,green forest.Meet 53-year-old Jia Haixia and Jia Wenqi!,真题分析,Their story began in 2000,when Haixia,who was already blind in his right eye,lost his left one after an illness.Wenqi lost his arms in an accident when he was just three.Neither could find a job,so the two decided to team up.They rented some poor land and began to plant trees.In return,the local officials paid them a small fee.Haixia and Wenqi never imagined that they,
