1、The five basic sentence patterns五种基本句型,1.词性 和 句子成分同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。词性：nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns,verbs,adverbs,articles, prepositions,conjunctions, interjections句子成分：Subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial,modifier,predicative, complement, appositive, parenth
2、esis,一个简单句为上面各个成分构成，理解句子成分能使我们更好的理解句子。五种基本句型基本句型一：（主谓）基本句型二：（主谓表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）,Identify the sentence pattern of the sentences.1.He laughs excitedly.2. Mary lent me her bike.3. My family live in a mountain village.4. We made him headmaster of the school.5. The teacher put the
3、 books in front of the pupils.,基本句型一此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词） 1.Thesunwasshining.2.Themoon rose.3.Theuniverse remains.4.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.5.Whocares?6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Thepenwritessmoothly,此类型有句型 9 种。,No 24主语+be
4、 +状语(1)Mr Brown is in. 布朗先生在里面。(2)All my classmates are over there.我所有的同学都在那儿。(3)The post office is near the station.邮局离车站很近。(4)The meeting is tomorrow. 会议在明天开。(5)The postman hasnt been here yet.邮递员还没有来。(6)全体教师都在办公室。(7)史密斯先生出去了。(8)我从来没去过那里。(9)我的书包在那里。(10)他们相信上帝存在。,No 25主语+不及物动词+各种状语(1)Everybody is n
5、ow working very hard.每个人现在都工作很努力。(2)They didnt come because of the rain.因为下雨，他们没有来。(3)We talked face to face. 我们面对面地交谈。(4)She is working as a tourist guide.她正在做导游。(5)He behaves as if he were the boss.他俨然像个老板。(6)雨正下得很大。(7)尽管有暴风雪，司机还是开车了。(8)那位老人日夜地咳嗽。(9)他将在这里停留大约5天。(10)他说话的口气好像他什么都知道了。,No 26主语+不及物动词+动
6、词不定式(短语)(1)He has stopped to have a rest.他已经停下来休息。(2)She sat in a corner so as not to be noticed by anybody. 她坐在一个角落里，以免被人注意。(3)He drove at top speed in order to catch the plane. 他为了能赶上飞机而以最快的速度行驶。(4)All the boys laughed to hear the good news.听到这个好消息之后，所有的男孩都笑了。(5)The dark old days have gone never t
7、o return.黑暗的日子已经一去不复返。(6)我们都去听了讲座。(7)他大喊大叫以便大家都能听清他的话。(8)为了赶飞机，他早上6点钟就离开了此地。(9)看见孩子们在操场上玩，她笑了。(10)他活到90岁。,No 27主语+动词短语+状语(1)The whole family go to church every Sunday.全家人每个星期天去教堂做礼拜。(2)Helen went to college in London from 1971 to 1973. 海伦从1971年到1973年在伦敦上大学。(3)Later I came to see I was mistaken.后来我看到
8、我错了。(4)I failed to see what he meant. 我未能理解他是什么意思。(5)He seemed to have been fired by his boss.他似乎已被老板解雇了。(6)我7点半上班。(7)Old Joe隔一天去一次市场。(8)我怎能知道这事的全部细节呢？(9)看来他没去成上海。(10)当他被汽车撞倒时，我碰巧在场。,No 28主语+不及物动词+名词性状语(1)The Great Wall stretches about 12000 li.长城绵延大约12000里。(2)The house has stood over five hundred y
9、ears. 这幢房子已有五百多年的历史。(3)Mr Green has travelled thousands of miles. 格林先生已经旅行了几千英里。(4)The recorder costs 50 dollars. 这台录音机价格为50美元。(5)This pair of shoes will last at least another year. 这双鞋起码还可以再穿一年。(6)会议大约开了一个半小时。(7)他身高6英尺。(8)那块巨石至少有10吨。(9)昨天气温下降了5摄氏度。(10)那天他们走了大约40千米。,No 29主语+不及物动词+(说明性质、特点的)状语(1)Our
10、products sell very well on the European market. 我们的产品在欧洲市场上非常畅销。(2)This sort of cloth washes well. 这种布很耐洗。(3)The play reads better than it acts.这个剧本原作比演出效果好。(4)His life would read like a novel他的一生写起来会像一本小说。(5)This sort of fish takes easily. 这种鱼很容易捕到。(6)这扇门很容易锁。(7)这样的苹果卖得很快。(8)这读起来像是孩子写的作文。(9)你的钢笔写起来
11、很流利。(10)洗衣机在农村几乎销不出去。,No 30主语+短语动词+状语(此句型中的短语动词相当于一个不及物动词。)(1)Hell give up sooner or later. 他迟早要放弃的。(2)The plane takes off at ten sharp. 飞机在10点钟准时起飞。(3)Our food supplies will hold out for another week. 我们的食物供应可维持到下周。(4)Some of the rules are dying out gradually.有些规章逐渐地失效了。(5)Old Smith passed away las
12、t night. 老史密斯昨天晚上去世了。(6)最后，他屈服了。(7)他过得很好。(8)那边发生了什么事儿？(9)我们从前门出发。(10)他经常熬到深夜。,No 31There be +主语+状语(1)There was a football match yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午进行了一场足球赛。(2)There must be something wrong with it. 这机器一定有哪个部位坏了。(3)There is to be a party tonight. 今晚有一次聚会。(4)There is going to be a storm at sea i
13、n the coming 24 hours. 24小时之内在海上有一次风暴。(5)There might have been a quarrel between the couple.这对夫妻可能发生过争吵。(6)那盒子里好像有好几本书。(7)他们之间可能有些误会。(8)这件事要讨论一下。(9)今天下午没有会。(10)这个实验一定有了结果。,No 32There +动词短语+(含to be或其他不及物动词)+主语+(状语)(不定式动词前的动词有特定含义，有人称、数、时态变化。)(1)There used to be a cafe across the road. 在街对面过去有一家咖啡馆。(2
14、)There happened to be a telephone booth near the bus stop. 正巧有一个电话亭在公共汽车站附近。(3)There seems to be a quarrel between the two girls. 那两个女孩似乎在吵架。(4)There appeared to be only one room.那儿只有一个房间。(5)There happened to lie a small lake at the foot of the mountain.正巧在山脚下有一个小湖。(6)在公园的中心过去有一个纪念碑。(7)正巧有封他的信。(8)她似
15、乎是有什么毛病。(9)他俩之间近来有点麻烦。(10)我校过去只有24个班。,No 33There +不及物动词+主语+(状语)(此类不及物动词有appear，hang，sit，follow，come，lie等。)(1)There lived an old hunter in that small village.有一个老猎人住在那座小山村。(2)There stands a man-made hill near the lake.在湖边有一座假山。(3)There remained nothing of his house after the fire.那场火灾使他的房子化为乌有。(4)The
16、re lies a bright future before them. 摆在他们面前的是锦绣前程。(5)There rose a bright moon from behind the hills. 山后升起一轮明月。(6)在意大利曾有一位叫伽利略的科学家。(7)花园中心有一座美丽的亭子。(8)村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。(9)我们面前有许多困难。(10)突然从瓶子里冒出一股浓烟。,基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语
17、构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等 （及物动词） 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。5. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。6. He said Good morning. 他说：早上好！7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He admit
18、s that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。,观察句子，并总结规律。1.The children are watching TV. They often study English.2.I am listening to the radio.He is looking for her.3.I wish to go there at once.It was late, so I decided to take a taxi home.4.He said that he would like to go.We asked how to get to the station.Ha
19、ve you decided where to go for your holiday?,4. I enjoy dancing.He practises playing the piano every day.5.Tom has given up smoking.I feel like having a cup of tea.6.I like reading books.I would like to read books.They prefer walking to cycling.I prefer to stay at home today.,8. I forgot to tell her
20、 about it.I forgot telling her about it.We must try to get everything done in time.Lets try doing the work some other day.,汉译英1.我已经答应帮助他。2.他拒绝干这项工作。3.我们学校有许多学生正在考虑出国学习。4.在同学们的帮助下，警察成功地抓住了抢劫犯。5.我必须记住今天交作文。I have promised to help him.He refused to do the job.Many students in our school are considering
21、 studying abroad.With the help of the students, the police succeeded in catching the robber.I must remember to hand in my composition today.,6.我记得昨天交了作文。7. 他承认犯了错误。8.学生们问下课后能不能去踢球。9.我以前不认识她。10.妈妈说我应该更努力。I remember handing in the composition yesterday.He admitted that he was wrong.The students asked
22、whether they could play football after class.I didnt know her before.Mother said that I should work harder.,S + V + O11.老师走进教室的时候他不笑了。12.他们正在为他的健康担心呢。13.我们想买一些英语学习方面的书。14.这个小男孩不知道如何去那里。15.他按时做完了作业。16.昨天我爸爸忘记关窗子了。17.我记得以前在哪儿见过她。18.很多中国农民还依靠传统的方法和经验。19.我正在考虑做些不同一般的事情来庆祝自己的生日。20只有少数人敢于面对极限运动的挑战。,基本句型 四
23、： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please., （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered
24、 herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。8. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教
25、我开机器。,句子翻译练习: S + V + o + O1.他昨天给了我一本书。2.格林夫人教我们英语。3.请递给我一杯茶。4.他付给她200美元买了那辆自行车。5.你能帮我拿一下那个箱子吗6.Tom每月给妈妈写一封信。7. 请给鸟一点吃的。,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier.名词/代词宾格
26、+ 形容词New methods make the job easy.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.名词/代词宾格 + 分词I saw a cat running across the road., （及物） （宾语） （宾补） They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinkin
27、g. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 9.I often find him at work.,S + V + O + C1.他们认为总理是英明而诚实的人。2.他把一切都准备好了。3.他们证实了这个理论是正确的。4.我听到他们谈论那女人了。5.我必须去理发了。6.我不想让任何人知道那件事。7.我们不允许这些男孩在此地打棒球。8.对不起
28、，让你久等了。9. 请不要拘束！10.由于你以前没有去过那儿，我让人给你带路吧。11.如果有什么问题，请告诉我。,Ill have somebody do it for you.He tried to have me talking all the time,but no use.I ll have my hair cut tomorrow.,基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示
29、情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 taste, （是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。3. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything looks differ
30、ent. 一切看来都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. Our well has gone dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 9. Everything is in order.,be+表语This machine is in good condition.All these dictionaries are of great help to me.The trouble is ho
31、w to get in touch with the airport.You should keep calm.Everything in the room remained untouched.He proved to be honest.The weather turned out fine.He stayed single all his life.My father continues in good health.,He doesnt look very well.It tastes very good.The food smells delicious.Your hand feel
32、s cold.His idea sounded very reasonable.But he seemed rather tired last night.Everybody appears (to be) well prepared.The farm looks like a large beautiful garden.,He became very interested in science.Our dreams have at last come true.The city has grown twice as large as it was before.All the childr
33、en have fallen asleep. The weather gets warmer and days get longer.The trees turn green.Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.,sentence translation： S + V + P1.听到这个消息他的脸变得苍白了。2.帮助那个小孩找到妈妈，我很高兴。3.约翰的梦最终成了现实。4.恐怕他不能来参加聚会了。5.鱼肉在热天很快就会变质。6.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。7.我肯定他接受这建议。8.我的意思是我们应该在车站见他。,S + V1.她坐在一个角落里，以免被人注意。2.听到这个好消息后，所有的男孩都笑了。3.海伦从1971年到1973年在伦敦上大学。4.格林先生已经旅行了几千英里。5.我们的产品在欧洲市场非常畅销。6.飞机在10点钟准时起飞。7.我们的食物供应可维持到下周。8. 如果她有空她就会来看我。,
