1、CET-6,arrangement,7 weeks上机课：听力材料练习（短对话，长对话，短文，听写）面授课：翻译，写作，完形填空，快速阅读，仔细阅读A，仔细阅读B，模拟测试讲评 以真题为学习材料CET-4/CET-6,Writing 30mins （150词）Skimming and Scanning 15minsListening Comprehension 35minsReading in Depth 25mins （问答题）Cloze 15mins （选词填空）Translation 5mins做一套真题，找出自己的弱点进行强化,suggestions,遇到有用的句子、句式或英语常识，多
2、重复几遍，随时随地地记下来，逐步积累汉英差异:汉语的灵活，英语的严谨;汉语叙述的先分后总，英语叙述的先总后分;汉语的无时态性与英语严格的时态界定真题中积累四六级词汇:真题选词填空和完型填空习题一道一道弄清楚 每周一篇作文/每天几句话制定学习计划,04年考试大纲,增加了句子层面的汉译英 增加了构建型试题的比例翻译：5分/5句 - 最综合全面考查- 平时积累翻译需符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确,解题思路,通读全句抓住考点表达的通顺检查更正：人称，单复数，时态，语态，拼写，语义时态、语态的正确使用 全句是否统一,翻译题型三大考点,1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次
3、命题密度最高的知识点。名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为考试的命题重点。,例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.【考点剖析】这个题目非常典型，有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) oweto /attributeto (把归功、因于),2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结
4、构、从句知识、非谓语动词等。,例：Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。,3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查,例1：Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis .【考点剖析】本
5、题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。,P58,09年12月6级真题为例 82. （词汇搭配/从句） 83. （词汇搭配） 84. （虚拟/固定搭配） 85. （重要词汇） 86. （倒装）,09-12 翻译答案,82. It depends on how often you wear it 83. to be a challenge to many traditional concepts 84. could have attended the meeting in person (by himself) 85.
6、 balanced diet is essential to health 86. regretful did I feel,解题对策,1）在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_, mother often takes on more work than is good for her,【考点剖析】对于“为了挣钱供我上学“的表达，可以说To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to fina
7、nce my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。 表达多样化，发散性思维，对地道英文表达的积累很有帮助，直接与考试中翻译与写作题型相关。,2）不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新翻译考点 以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。,He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner . 【考点探究】 本题为
8、03年6月四级考试的词汇单选题，handle the affairs in a friendly manner (以友好的方式处理事务)是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：give a pledge to do sth (承诺做某事)；handle(处理)这个核心动词的用法；in manner(以方式)这个重要短语；在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。,3). 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。 4). 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、
9、非谓语动词等。 5). 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。,重点语法知识回顾和真题解析,1 从句 2 虚拟语气 3 倒装结构 4 比较结构5 非谓语动词,名词性从句,主语从句：that, what, whether, how宾语从句： that, whether/if, wh-同位语从句: agreement, assumption, belief, conclusion, decision, determination, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, opinion, prediction, proposal, sugge
10、stion, theory, thought, truth,定语从句,名词 +限定修饰 that, which, who, whose, when, where,状语从句,条件/让步 *if, unless, providingthough, although, even if/though, no matter. whatever, wherever,真题练习,08-12-86. Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating _（为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选）。08-12-83. It was
11、 very dark, but Mary seemed to _ （本能地知道该走哪条路） .09-6-82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which_（把美观与功能完美地结合起来）。09-12-85. When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think _ （一定有人在说他们坏话）.,why you are the beast candidate for a certain positionknow which way to take by instinct
12、combined beauty and function perfectlythere must be someone speaking ill of them,2.虚拟语气历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形;(2)if或but for等引导的条件句;(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is (high) time that的用法。,虚拟语气,(should) + 动词原形suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, requ
13、ire, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade + that advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan + thatIt is + a. + that (important, necessary, imperative, natural, u
14、rgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible, no wonder, a pity)if/but for + would do / would have donewish, if only, it is time + did,真题练习,08-12-84. I dont think it advisable that parents _ （剥夺孩子们的自由） to spend their spare time as they wish.08-6-83. Mary couldnt
15、 have received my letter,_ (否则她上周就该回信了).07-12-82. But for mobile phone, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).,deprive their children of freedomor she should have made a reply last week,3.倒装结构倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, no
16、where, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no soonerthan，not onlybut also用于句首时所导致的倒装。Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.,(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。Were I you, Ill never promise to do that.,(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：A. so 倒装句So diligentl
17、y does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。,(4)在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。So mov
18、ed was she that she could not say a word.她感动得说不出话来。,真题练习,08-6-85. Never once _(老两口相互争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.07-12-86. The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说慌).,has the old couple quarreled with each other should he lie /tell lies to the court,非谓语动词,to do / doing
19、 / -ed+ to do attempt, mean, determine, pretend, decide, hesitate, hope, intend, refuse+ sb. to do enable, allow, force, press, inspire, request, encourage+ doing dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, cant help, escape, cant stand, deny, mind, finish, postpone, hateIts no use/no good/ no fun/ a great p
20、leasure/ a waste of time/a bore + doingIts useless/good/nice/interesting + doing,真题练习,09-6-82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk _ （说服他不买车）.09-6-83. _ （保持幽默有助于） reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.09-6-86. She has decided to go on a diet, but fi
21、nds _ （很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑）.,him out of buying an automobile Keeping a sense of humor helps it difficult to resist the temptation of the ice-cream,比较结构,as as not so as.than. (-er/more)the more the more,真题练习,08-12-85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and _（与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要
22、低）。07-12-83. In handling an embarrassing situation, _(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).,a lower death rate compared with those who dont. noting can be more helpful than a sense of humor,翻译技巧(CET-4举例) 1. 词汇层面技巧,(1) 词类的转移在汉译英的过程中，因为英语中存在一些习惯用法固定搭配和短语等，这导致与汉语中的词语在词性与语义上并不总是一一对应。词性转换指的是中英文之间词性的转换，如在中文里是名词，到了英文句子中就变成了动词。
23、主要包括四种情况。,名词转换成动词例：I am going to pursue this course, (无论我做出什么牺牲). （2007.12）（“牺牲”是名词） 译：I am going to pursue this course, no matter what I will sacrifice.（“sacrifice”是动词） 动词转化成名词 例： (为了挣钱供我上学)，mother often takes on more work than is good for her.。（2006.6）（“上学”是动词）译：To finance my education, mother oft
24、en takes on more work than is good for her.（“education”是名词）,名词转化成形容词 例：I cant boot my computer now. Something (出了毛病) its operating system. （2008.6）(“毛病”是名词)I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with its operating system. (“wrong”是形容词) 形容词转化成名词 例：Please come here at ten tomorrow mornin
25、g (如果方便的话). （2007.6） (“方便”是形容词) 译：Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience.（“convenience”是名词）,（2）增译法例： (大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children. (2008. 12) 译：What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their chi
26、ldren.分析：汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。what作concerned about 的宾语，增译what。,（3）减译法例：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域). （2007.6）译：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field of our cooperation. 分析：此句中，所要翻译部分在句中作表语，其中“领域”为中心词，“可以合作的”是其定语，由于此定语过长，所以使用所属格of结构，并且“可以”省去不译。,（
27、4）翻译中的选词例：I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because (它更加方便和省时). （2007.12）译：I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the former is more convenient and time-saving.分析：此句中，所要翻译部分中“它”简单译为it则会指代不清，而译为the former则效果更好。,（5）词义的引申例：At weekends, (人
28、山人海) in the park.译：At weekends, there are a large crowd of people in the park.分析：如果根据句面意思直接把“人山人海”译为peoplemountainpeoplesea，外国人则很难理解，这里译为there are a large crowd of people。根据不同的语境有不同的译法。如果看到电影院门前大排长龙，可译为Thereisalongmovieline。,2. 语法层面技巧,（1）词序调整法例： (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting
29、. (2008. 6)译：Compared with the place where I grew up, this town is more prosperous and exciting.分析：“我成长的地方”的中心词是“地方”，“我成长的”是其定语，此定语可译为英语中的定语从句where I grew up置于“地方(the place)”之后。“将.与.相比”用comparewith。,（2）语态变换法例：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much the
30、y can earn. (2007. 12)译：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow.分析：“衡量”在汉语句子中是主动形式，而翻译为英语则使用其被动形式is measured by。,（3）正说反译, 反说正译法例：He didnt sign the contract. (对这个问题你一定要高度重视).译：He didnt sign the contract. You cannot attach too much importance to
31、 the matter.分析：翻译出的英语句子带有cant，形式上是否定的，但是内容含义上却是肯定的。cannot/couldnttoo意为 “越越好，非常，无论怎样也不过分”,（4）合并法例：The man who stole my watch was (不是别人，正是约翰). 译：The man who stole my watch was no other than John.分析：所翻译部分是由两个短句构成，可以合并翻译为英语中no other than表示“不是，而是”。,（5）比较结构的翻译例：In my sixties, one change I notice is that (
32、我比以前更容易累了). (2007. 12)译：In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to/ inclined to be more easily tired than before.分析：“更容易累”中心词是“累”，“更容易”是其修饰语，所以容易使用其副词形式“easily”，比较级为“more easily”。“比以前”译为than before。,more exercises from CET-6P7/16/23/32/40/49,homework,英语写作最TOP80个使用高频词搭配真题翻译参考答案翻译练习（5*10）及答案（四级）06-12 试卷完成自测,
