1、Lesson 4,Travel,An exciting trip,Have you ever been abroad?,Have you heard of Australia?,What did you know about Australia?,Austalia,I.Key wordsexciting, receive, firm, different II.Key structures The present perfect simple现在完成时,key points,New words and expressions,exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 receive v. 接受，
2、收到 firm n. 商行，公司 different adj. 不同的 centre n. 中心 abroad adv. 在国外,【New words and expressions】生词和短语,Language points,1. I have just received a letter from my brother.,收到某人来信,2.He is working for a big firm.,get a letter from sb. have a letter from sb. hear from sb.,在上班、任职,还可以用work at/in,e.g.My father wo
3、rks for a business company.,3. he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.,a number of+可数名词的复数，number前一般 可用large, great, small等形容词强调数量大小。,My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.,abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用） go abroad 去国外 live abr
4、oad 国外定居,exciting,adj. 令人兴奋的,excited 感到兴奋的,-ed自己感到 interested, bored, relaxed -ing令人感到interesting,boring,relaxing,Language points,4. He has just bought an Australian car and hasgone to Alice springs.,He has gone to the south.(还在) He has been to the south.(去过),5. He is finding this trip very exciting
5、.,find+n+adj.觉得怎么样,e.g.I find the film boring.Do you find the book very interesting?,Listen and follow,1. How long has Tim been in Australia?,Listen and answer the question.,Tim has been in Australia for six months.,2. What does he do in Australia?,He is working for a big firm as an engineer.,3. Why
6、 is Tim finding the trip exciting?,Because Tim has never been abroad before. This is his first trip abroad.,Summary writing,Answer these questions in not more than 50 words.,What has the writer just received from his brother? 2. Is Tim an engineer, or is he a doctor? 3. How long has he been in Austr
7、alia? 4. Has he already visited many places or not? 5. Where is he now? 6. Has Tim ever been abroad before or not? 7. Is he enjoying his trip very much or not?,Summary writing,The writer has just received a letter from his brother, Tim. Tim is an engineer. He has been in Australia for six months. He
8、 has already visited many places. Now he is in Alice Springs. Tim has never been abroad before. He is enjoying his trip very much.,现在完成时态,Winter has already come.,Grammar,现在完成时的构成形式,havedone has,助动词,过去分词,Grammar,用来表示动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。They have left.-他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have had my lunch.-我已经吃
9、过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿,现在完成时的含义,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。He has learned English since 2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,sum up,一、现在完成时,1)构成,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它,否定句：主语+have/has not+过去分词+其它,疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它,He has been to Australia.,He has not been to Australia.,Has he been to Australia?,now,past,future,一般过去时,一般过去
10、时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,Grammar,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,参考译文 我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，
11、并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。,Thank you!,2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till
12、/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,Grammar,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study, know.
13、 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续),Grammar,延续动词表
14、示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段 时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),Grammar,since 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company si
15、nce 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。),Grammar,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to ,
16、 have/has gone to,Grammar,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three da
17、ys ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the doo
18、r an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Exercise,sum up,2)用法,1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。,e.g. We have
19、 just won the match.I have never been to Australia before.,一、现在完成时,sum up,2)用法,1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。,e.g. So far, he has broken two world records.I have worked here for four years.,一、现在完成时,sum up,2)用法,3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die, arrive, leave, go, refuse, finish, marry, buy等。,e.g. His grandfather has died for three years.His grandfather has been dead for three years.I have bought the car for half a year.I have got the car for half a year.,一、现在完成时,
