1、专题十一 动词的时态,第二部分 语法专题突破,衡阳近七年中考真题中，除2016年外，每年必考动词的时态，考查重点是现在完成时，一般过去时和一般现在时。多给出时间标志词或可根据上下文时态推断空格处的时态。现在完成时和一般过去时所涉及的动词变形多为不规则变化；对一般现在时的考查较为基础。,动词的五种基本形式变化表,英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第 三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。具 体变化情况如下表：,(动词不规则变化见话题写作天天见),构成 主语be动词(am/is/are)/实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式其他 用法 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。常见的时间状语有：often，s
2、ometimes，usually，always，never，twice a month，on Sundays, every day/week/month/year.(every系列)等。如：,一般现在时 (2012年22题),The boy usually gets to school early.这个男孩通常到校很早。 表示普遍真理、客观存在或科学事实。如： The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。 表示按计划将要发生的动作。如come, go, move, stop, leave, finish, start等，在一般现在时中,可用来表示将来肯定会发
3、生的动作。如： The plane takes off at half past seven this afternoon.这架飞机今天下午七点半起飞。,一般过去时(2015年26题，2014年25题，2012年25题, 2010年22题),构成 主语动词的过去式其他 用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常见时间状语有：a few days/weeks/months ago, yesterday, last year, in those days, just now,in 1990等。如： I was very happy when I heard the good news yes
4、terday. 我昨天听到这个好消息时很高兴。 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公共汽车上班。,一般将来时,构成 主语will/shall 动词原形其他(表示对将来的预测) 主语 be going to 动词原形其他(表示打算、计划做某事，也可用来表示自然现象),用法 (1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常见时间状语有：tomorrow, soon, later, next week/month/year/., in a few days/months/years/.等。如： My si
5、ster has gone to England for a summer camp and she will be back next week. 我姐姐去英格兰参加夏令营了，她下周将回来。,表示位置移动的动词，如go, come, leave, fly, start, meet, move等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如： Im leaving the day after tomorrow. 我后天离开。 表示某种必要的趋势。如： Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼就会死。,祈使句and/or含有将来时的句子。如： Work hard, and y
6、ou will succeed.努力工作，你将会成功。 Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus.快点， 否则你将会错过早班车。,现在进行时,构成主语am/is/arev.ing形式 用法 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或当前一段时间内的活动。常用时间状语有：now, at the moment, these days, right now等，也常与“Look！”， “Listen！”等连用。如：,The students are working on the farm these days. 这些天学生们一直在农场劳动。 Look！They are plan
7、ting trees. 看！他们正在种树。 go, leave, arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如： I am going to Beijing this Sunday.这周日我打算去北京。,过去进行时,构成主语was/werev.ing形式 用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。常见时间状语有：at that time, at this time yesterday, at 1：00 last night, at that moment, then等。如： What were you doing at nine last night? 昨天晚上9点你正在做什么？,I
8、was watching TV at that time. 那时我正在看电视。 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如： What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 昨天七点到九点你在做什么？,构成主语has/have动词的过去分词 用法 常用时间状语：already, yet, before, just, ever, never, so far, in/during the past/last five years, recently, since, for 等。,现在完成时(2014年27题，2013年28题，2012年25题，2011
9、年25题，2010年24题),已完成用法：表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如： Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhangs office.瞧！张先生办公室的灯还亮着。 Im afraid he hasnt finished his work yet.恐怕他的工作还没有做完。,未完成用法：表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for或since短语连用。注意：动词必须是延续性的，如果动词是短暂性的， 要转换为相应的延续性动词。如： I have been away from my hometown for ten yea
10、rs. 我已经离开家乡十年了。,1.根据时间状语确定时态 若空格所在句有明显的时间标志词，则可直接确定相应的时态。 2.在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态 衡阳中考对复合句时态考查时常会涉及“主将从现”原则，这就要求考生结合该原则和具体语境快速判定主从句时态，进而确定空格处所缺动词的适当形式。,【名师点拨】,例：If there _ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature.【解析】本句是一个含if引导的条件状语从句 的复合句，应遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句 时态用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 the
11、re be结构是固定句型，其一般现在时形式 为“There is/are.”。空后所表达的在意义上为 单数，故填is。,3.根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态 有些试题虽然看起来没有时间状语做提示，也不是复合句，但是上下文的动作存在着明显的时间顺序，因此可根据上下文已有的时态来判断空格处所要选用的时态(尤其注意and, but, while等连词连接的成分要保持时态上的统一)。,例： The girls were r_ their bikes around the lake while the boys were running.【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处应填动词与 were构成谓语。bik
12、e常与动词ride搭配，表示 骑自行车。根据while后的“were running”可知 该句使用了过去进行时。结合句意和空格之前 已经给出的were，可知应填现在分词riding。,1. I will _ (boil) some water and make tea.2. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ (cook) the dinner already.3. I called you, but nobody answered. Where _ (be)you?,boil,had cooked,were,一、用所给词的适
13、当形式填空,4. Paula is pleased because she _ (find) her lost watch.5. The children _ (have) a PE. class on the playground when the earthquake happened.6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice _ (make) perfect.,has found,were having,makes,I recently heard a story about
14、a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements, he was thought to be (1) _ (create) than common people. When he was asked why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It allcame from an experience with his mother when he was about three years,二、综合填空,more creative,old.“I (2) _ (try) to get
15、a bottle of milk from the fridge but I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling the milk all over the floora sea of milk! I was frightened and I didnt know what to do！” he said. His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I (3) _ (consider) how to explain all this to you, mom.”,tried,am consi
16、dering,he said. Instead of (4) _ (punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess you have made! I (5) _ (not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like (6) _ (play) in the milk for a while? We (7) _ (clean) itup after that.” Then, he did so.
17、 After a few minutes, his,punishing,havent seen,to play,will clean,mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you (8) _ (make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.” He used a sponge (海绵) and together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, we (9) _ (fail) in ca
18、rrying a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Lets go out in the,make,failed,yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you can (10) _ (discover) a way to carry it.” Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓紧) the bottle at the top with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!,discover,
