1、二、非谓语动词,考点1 非谓语动词作状语1. 不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do。,*I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)*To catch the first bus, he got up very early. (目的状语)*I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语),【点津】熟记不
2、定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough (for sb. ) to. . .,2. 分词作状语(1)v. -ing形式: 现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意。,(2)v. -ed形式: a. 过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系, 且含有完成之意。,b. 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语, 表示
3、句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系, 其前不用being, 常见的有: seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。,*Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. *Given more attention, the children could have grown better. *Absorbed in reading, we all didnt hear the sound. *Ha
4、ving driven all day, we were rather tired.,【点津】把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; 不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果; 准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; 现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。,3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 构成独立结构, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有: generally speaking一般来说; frankly speaking坦白地说; judg
5、ing from/by. . . 根据来判断; considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration考虑到; to tell you the truth说实话; compared to/with与相比较; to begin with首先; seeing. . . 鉴于/由于; supposing假设, 如,果; assuming假使; given考虑到, 鉴于; provided (that. . . ) 如果; concerning关于,4. 独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点: 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; 独立主格结
6、构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。,(2)独立主格结构的构成: 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; 名词/代词+形容词; 名词/代词+副词; 名词/代词+不定式; 名词/代词+介词短语。,*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. *The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country
7、was in deep sorrow. *Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, _(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.,解题关键: use和逻辑主语people之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作方式状语。答案判定: using,(2015全国卷)The walls are now cold enough _ (co
8、ol) the house during the hot day.,解题关键: 固定搭配enough to do sth. 表示“足以做某事”, to do作结果状语。答案判定: to cool,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1. (2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create) special designs. 2. (2016北京高考)_(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now
9、.,to create,Ordered,3. (2016天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _(make) air conditioning unnecessary. 4. (2015四川高考)A few months later, while _(eat), she would even turn her back to me.,making,eating,5. (2015福建高考)Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry
10、, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always _(bother) by things. 6. (2014湖南高考) _(free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.,bothered,To free,7. (2015陕西高考)I might have to retire again next year just get some more of t
11、hese biscuits. (改错)_,just后添加to,考点2 非谓语动词作定语,*That can be a lot more efficient than pages explaining the data. *The problem discussed at last meeting was of great importance. *The matter being discussed now is of great importance. *The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importanc
12、e.,【点津】准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系; 准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.,解题关键: 回到水污染问题之前, 我想要你们看一下澳大利亚在2012年进行的研究。a study与conduct之间为被动关系, 由in 2012可知此项研究已经完成, 故
13、用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案判定: conducted,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2016四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)! 2. (2015全国卷)It arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,to eat,living,3. (2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _(build) by the Pueblo In
14、dians of the American Southwest are admired.,built,4. (2015全国卷)A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 5. (2015全国卷)It carries articles _(write) by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.,conducted,w
15、ritten,6. (2015重庆高考)I learned through another womans eyes that my daughter was still a good person despite her _(trouble) teenage years.,troubled,考点3 非谓语动词作补足语1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), do
16、ing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。,*The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.,2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。*(2015浙江高考)I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener.,3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/reque
17、st/warn sb. to do sth. 等。*The patient was warned not to eat oily food.,4. with复合结构常用形式:,*John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. *With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. *With the little boy lead
18、ing the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016江苏高考)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_(hide)within the work.,解题关键: message与hide是被动关系, 应用have sth. done结构。答案判定: hidden,(2015天津高考)Hed seen us_(sit)by the lake all those times.,解题关键: 根据关键信息词all
19、 those times可知强调“一直坐在湖边”, 故用固定结构see sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人一直做某事”, 符合语境。答案判定: sitting,【高考题组】单句改错1. (2015浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. _,felt改为feel,2. (2015北京高考)The loud music filled the room and made them to feel very happy. _3. (2015北京高考)“I heard
20、you play the other night, ”she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. ”_,to删掉,play改为playing,4. (2015四川高考)The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me scratch her back, and I got an idea. _,scratch改为scratching,考点4 非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式: 1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, prac
21、tice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。,*I admit breaking the window. *Its quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热, 你想去游泳吗?,2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: wish, hope, decide,
22、 refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mean, plan, fail, choose, would like等。*If I fail to appear by 7 oclock, I will not be coming at all.,3. 既可用动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等。,*Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. *I remember reading a
23、bout the earthquake in the newspaper.,4. it作形式宾语, 代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。*I think it important to learn English well.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu.,解题关键: include后接动词的-ing形式作宾语。答案判定: introducing,【高考题组】用所给词的适
24、当形式填空/单句改错1. (2016浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _(work) with students. 2. (2015北京高考)Light can pass through without _(bend).,working,bending,3. (2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. (改错)_4. (2015四川高考)I really want share with you some of the problems I
25、 have been experiencing. (改错)_,wear改为wearing,want后添加to,5. (2015四川高考)Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. (改错)_6. (2015全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around. (改错)_,sing改为singing,looks改为looking,考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作, 不定
26、式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。,(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing; Its a waste of time doing sth. 等。,【点津】在语篇中, 注意所填空前是否有it, 并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it, 从而快速判定所填空是否要用
27、to do或doing的相应形式。,2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”, 而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。*The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.,3. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。*He did nothing but save the child without hesitation. *She had no
28、 choice but to cry in face of the difficulty.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014全国卷)It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.,解题关键: 根据固定句式: It takes sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花了某人一段时间”, 可知此处填不定式to reduce。it是形式主语, 不定式to reduce是真正的主语。答案判定: to reduce,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (201
29、4广东高考)We got a little _(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 2. (2014湖南高考)_(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.,sunburned/sunburnt,Understanding,3. (2013全国卷)Also, Id like you _(do) me a favor. 4. (2015全国卷)Sometimes _(give) from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!,to do,giving,
