1、语法精讲强化系列一、动词的时态和语态,考点1 一般时态1. 一般现在时(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等。*On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.,(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为, 只限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, clos
2、e等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。*My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m.,(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。*You will surely succeed if you try your best.,【典例剖析】(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. (改错),解题关键: 根据句中动词suggest, is可知, 应指
3、目前的想法, 应用一般现在时。答案判定: thought改为think,(2015全国卷)This cycle_(go)day after day. The walls warm up during the day. (填空),解题关键: 时间状语为day after day, 且根据第二句的warm用了一般现在时可知此处表示目前的情况, 所以用一般现在时。答案判定: goes,2. 一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作时间状语。*It was a terrible piece
4、 of work you turned in yesterday.,(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。*He said he would not go if it rained. (3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时, know, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。*I didnt expect to meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰见你。,【辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,*Theyve gone to Paris so far. 他们目前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。*They went to Paris las
5、t year. 他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过, 不表明是否现在仍在那里)。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_(be)too violent for use at the table.,解题关键: 根据主句谓语动词believed可知, 此处讲的是孔子过去的想法, 应该用一般过去时。答案判定: were,(2015全国卷)It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive)in Yangshuo just before daw
6、n. But I didnt care.,解题关键: 句意: 就在天亮之前我到了阳朔, 天下着小雨。但是我关心的不是这件事。根据主句was raining以及第二句话的didnt可知, 记叙的是过去发生的事情, 应该使用一般过去时。答案判定: arrived,3. 一般将来时(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, 即单纯的将来事实。*He will graduate from Beijing University next year.,(2)三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构: be going to do sth. 表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。*Really? Youre
7、going to walk the dog? be to do sth. 表示按计划或安排即将要做某事, 或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。*We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.,be about to do sth. 表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。*The train is about to leave.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we_(wait)for
8、you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.,解题关键: 根据if从句用的是一般现在时表示将来, 可知主句用will+动词原形表示一般将来时。答案判定: will wait,【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错1. (2016四川高考)Then, after two and a half years, the mother _(drive) the young panda away. 2. (2015全国卷)Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful. 3. (2015广东高考)While making great efforts to r
9、un away, she _(fall)over the hill and died.,drove,is,fell,4. (2015全国卷)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope _(make)them happy. 5. (2016四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mothers Day. We get up early in the morning. (改错)_,will make,get改为g
10、ot,6. (2015全国卷)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (改错)_7. (2015全国卷)Tony was scared and begun to cry. (改错)_,think改为thought,begun改为began,8. (2015四川高考)As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. (改错)_,tell改为told,考点2 进行时态1. 现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作、存
11、在的状态或者表示现阶段(at present, this week等)正在进行的动作、存在的状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。*Experts are wondering now if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.,(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。*Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for var
12、ious reasons.,(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always, constantly, often, forever, continually等副词连用表示说话者的“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。*The girl is always talking aloud in public places.,【辨析】,*He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isnt writing at present.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015北京高考)I_(write)to tell you my exciting plan for t
13、he summer holiday.,解题关键: 此句是书信的开头语, 强调现在正在写信, 故用现在进行时。答案判定: am writing,2. 过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。*Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board.,(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。*She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her hou
14、se. (3)过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置移动的动词时, 也可以用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。*Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.,【辨析】,*I was reading a novel last night. (可能没看完)。*I read a novel last night. (已经看完)。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考)Jack_(work)in the lab when the power c
15、ut occurred.,解题关键: 根据句意“Jack正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。”以及关键词occurred可知, 此句型是was/were doing. . . when. . . 结构。答案判定: was working,3. 将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作, 或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有: soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。*This time next week Ill be lying on the beach, enjoying the
16、 sunshine.,【辨析】,*She is sixteen, and will be seventeen next year. *What will you be doing at this time next Monday?,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2013江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure. I_(write)a report at home.,解题关键: 由题干中的关键信息词tomorrow morning可知, 双方在谈论明天早晨的事情, 所以答语应用将来进行时, 表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。答案判定:
17、will be writing,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2015全国卷)And the town _(become) a popular weekend destination for people in Asia now. 2. (2015全国卷)Now I _(live) in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside.,is becoming,am living,3. (2014辽宁高考)While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses,
18、many _(break) the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.,are,breaking,4. (2015北京高考)In the early afternoon, when he _(plan)to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. 5. (2014全国卷)He _(ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver.,was,planni
19、ng,was riding,考点3 完成时态1. 现在完成时(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常用的时间状语: already, so far, never, just, before, recently等。*Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one.,(2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since, for以及so far, now, today, this week (month, year),
20、 for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等连用。*So far no further news has been obtained.,(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时完成的动作。*Please return the book to me when you have finished it.,【点津】(1)注意牢记以下固定句型: It is/has been+时间段+ since. . . 表示“自从以来已经”。*It is/has been ten years since I graduate
21、d from university.,This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”, that从句中要用现在完成时。*This is the first time that I have been here.,(2)注意避免思维定势: 一看到for+时间段, 就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调的是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时), 还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years an
22、d now he lives in China. 杨振宁在美国定居多年, 现在他生活在中国。,Dashan has lived in China for many years. 大山在中国住了许多年。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考)I_(read)half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.,解题关键: 根据关键词finish it可知, 已读完一半, read动词是已经完成的动作, 应用现在完成时。答案判定: have read,2. 过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完
23、成的动作, 强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by, before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。*By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.,(2)表示意向的动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。*We had expected that you would be able to win the match.,【点津】注意固定句型: This/It/That was the
24、 first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”, that从句中要用过去完成时。*This was the first time that I had been here.,hardly. . . when. . . 和no sooner. . . than. . . 两个句型中, 主句均用过去完成时。*Hardly had the match started when we arrived.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016浙江高考)Silk_(become)one of the primary goods t
25、raded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,解题关键: 根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”, 故用过去完成时。答案判定: had become,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2015全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls _(give) up their heat and are now cold enough. 2. (2015天津高考)The next day, we got a disappointing message that anothe
26、r buyer _(offer) a much higher price.,have given,had offered,3. (2015重庆高考)Her family _(return) from abroad, and then got a message from the vet. 4. (2014山东高考)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _(expect).,had returned,had expected,考点4 现在完成进行时和过去将来时1. 现在完成进行时(1)常用来
27、表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。*(2015全国卷)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.,(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。*I have been calling him many times this morning, but theres no answer.,【辨析】,Ive watched the TV series Nirvana in Fire. (已经完成)I have been watching the TV series Nirvana in
28、 Fire these days. (仍在进行甚至仍将继续),【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016江苏高考)Dashan, who_(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.,解题关键: 根据句意: “大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目: 相声, 想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。”可知, 大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在, 并且还可能继续下去, 故使用现在完成进行时。答案判定: has been
29、 learning,2. 过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。*The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our friend there _ (appreciate).,解题关键: 由语境可知强调“他们认为我们那里的朋友可能
30、会喜爱的一些东西”, 同时由关键词asked和thought可知是站在过去的时间点上展望未来。故用过去将来时。答案判定: would appreciate,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/改错1. (2016北京高考)Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. We _(wait) here for more than two hours.,have been waiting,2. (2014福建高考)As a result, Isabelle _(receive) blood transfusions(输血
31、)every 46 weeks since she was 11 months old. 3. (2014天津高考)She _(volunteer) her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.,has been,receiving,has been volunteering,4. (2013福建高考)We _(drive) in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. 5. (2015天津高考)Just to see what she _(do), I gen
32、tly placed one on top of the groundhogs head.,have been driving,would do,6. (2016浙江高考)Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. (改错)_,去掉had,7. (2015全国卷)Tony promised her that this will never happen again. (改错)_8. (2014全国卷)Since
33、 thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. (改错)_,will改为would,had改为have,考点5 被动语态1. 不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类(look, seem, feel, taste, sound, prove, appear等)。(2)表示主语特征的词(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock等), 常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。*This ki
34、nd of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。,2. get构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等。*We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。,3. 主动形式表示被动意义(1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面, 动名词主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。*The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。,(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意
35、义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。*The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。,【典例剖析】单句改错(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.,解题关键: 主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil和谓语动词use是
36、被动关系, 故应该使用被动语态。答案判定: using改为used,(2015全国卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.,解题关键: 主语studies和谓语show是逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系, 句意强调“很多研究表明”, 故应该使用主动语态。答案判定: 去掉been,【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错1. (2016全国卷)I _(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-ac
37、re centre. 2. (2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.,was allowed,be,made,3. (2016四川高考)The giant panda _(love) by people throughout the world. 4. (2016江苏高考)More efforts, as reported, _(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 5. (2014天津高考)We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make).,is loved,will be,made,have been made,6. (2015全国卷)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. (改错)_,drank改为drunk,
