1、Green Algae (Chlorophytes),“Chlamydomonas”,Green Algae Diversity I,20,“Chlorella”,“Carteria”,Green Algae Diversity I,Helicosporidium,Green Algae Diversity I,Haematococcus,Green Algae Diversity I (Chlamydomonas),Only different mating types (“+”, “-”) are capable of fertilization,Green Algae Diversity
2、 II: Desmids,Cosmarium,“Desmids”,Closterium,Euastrum,Staurastrum,Micrasterias,Triploceras,Spondylosium,Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids,SemicellsIsthmus, Sinus,PoresMucilage,Structure,Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids,Asexual Reproduction,Sexual Reproduction,Zygote,Scenedesmus,Hydrodictyon,“Pediast
3、rum”,Green Algae Diversity III,Ankistrodesmus,Coelastrum,Pandorina (8 or 16 Cells),Eudorina (16 or 32 Cells),“Volvox” 500 Thousands of Cells,Green Algae Diversity IV,Spherical,Flattened,Gonium,Platydorina,Sac-Like,Tetraspora,Small, flagellated, cells (with eyespot) Connected by cytoplasmic strandsIm
4、part motility to colonyIncapable of cell division(regA gene)“Altruism”,Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox),Larger, flagellated located at colonyposteriorCapable of cell division(regA gene inhibited)Form hollow balls of flagellated cells inside the colony (“Daughter Colonies”),Somatic Cells,Gonidia,Gre
5、en Algae Diversity IV (Volvox),Daughter Colony Release,Daughter Colony Inversion throughpore (phialopore),Asexual Reproduction,Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox),Gonidia form sperm packets, invertSperm packets release,Male,Female,Fertilization,Gonidia form Eggs,(Sexual Reproduction),Green Algae Diver
6、sity IV (Volvox),(Sexual Reproduction),Zygote Formation,Zygote Meiosis to form Biflagellated Spores,Occasionally, zygotes are spiny (Hypnozygote),Only one biflagellated spore survivesDivision of this spore regeneratescolony,Green Algae Diversity V,Oedogonium,Ulothrix,Spirogyra,Zygnema,Green Algae Di
7、versity V,Sexual Reproduction,Gamete FormationFertilization,Zygote Release,MeiosisSpore ReleaseSpore Germination,Oedogonium,Green Algae Diversity V,Spirogyra,Sexual Reproduction,Conjugation Tube Formation,Gamete FormationFertilization,Zygote FormationMeiosis to Form Spores,Green Algae Diversity VI,C
8、ladophora,24,Green Algae Diversity VI,Trentepohlia,Green Algae Diversity VIII,Ulva,Coleochaete,Green Algae Diversity VIII,Sexual Life Cycle,Ulva,Green Algae Diversity IX,Penicillus,Chara,Acetabularia,Bryopsis,Caulerpa,Hypothesis of Chlorophyte Phylogeny 1,Hypothesis of Chlorophyte Phylogeny 2,Green
9、Algae: Ecology,Marine,Freshwater,Green Algae: Ecology,Trentepohlia,Haematococcus,Green Algae: Ecology,Chlamydomonas nivalis,Caulerpa,Green Algae: Ecology,Jacques Cousteau Institute,Green Algae: Ecology,Green Algae: Ecology,Helicosporidium,Green Algae: Physiology,Chlamydomonas,Green Algae: Genetics (
10、Hammerling 1930s),Green Algae: Evolution,Chara,PLANTS,GR ALG,GR ALG,GR ALG,GR ALG,GR ALG,Green Algae: Evolution,Green Algae: Evolution,Horizontal Gene Transfer,Green Algae: Evolution,13,14 Euglena,Green Algae: Evolution,Green Algae: Biofuels,Green Algae: Biofuels,with about 70-percent less carbon em
11、issions than petroleum-based equivalents. They claim it doesnt impact agricultural crops, land, or water.,Green Algae: Biofuels,SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO Columbus will be home to Luna Countys first green energy facilityliterally green, in this case. Algae will be cultivated by Sapphire Energy in man-made
12、ponds about 8 miles west of Columbus on the Mexican border, to later be converted to a green goop called algae-based biofuel, oilgae, or algal fuel. “This will be the first Sapphire facility in the country,” says Tim Zenk, spokesperson for Sapphire Energy in San Diego. “Were looking at different geo
13、graphies,” says Zenk. “Now our focus is on New Mexico.” Luna County is considered ideal for algae-based biofuel because of the flat desert conditions, the high level of sunlight, and the large amount of underground salt water.,http:/ Algae - Characteristics,Carteria,Chlamydomonas,Green Algae - Flage
14、lla,Green Algae Cell Wall,(Some),(A Few),(Many),Green Algae Chloroplast,Green Algae Chloroplast,Green Algae Chloroplast,Horizontal Gene Transfer,Green Algae: Evolution,Rubisco,Large Subunit,Small Subunit,Green Algae Chloroplast,Fig. 16.4 in Graham et al. 2009,S = StarchPy = Pyrenoid,Green Algae Mito
15、sis,Green Algae - Cytokinesis,Furrowing,Cell Plate,Furrowing,Phycoplast,Phragmoplast,Phragmoplast,Green Algae Asexual Reproduction,Chlamydomonas,Green Algae Asexual Reproduction,Volvox,Gonidia,Autocolony Formation,Autocolony Release,Green Algae Asexual Reproduction,Oedogonium,Green Algae Asexual Rep
16、roduction,Spirogyra,Green Algae Sexual Reproduction,Chlamydomonas,Gonidia form sperm packets, invertSperm packets release,Male,Female,Fertilization,Gonidia form Eggs,Green Algae Sexual Reproduction,Volvox,Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction,Gamete FormationFertilization,Zygote Release,MeiosisSpore Rele
17、aseSpore Germination,Oedogonium,Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction,Spirogyra,Conjugation Tube Formation,Gamete FormationFertilization,Zygote FormationMeiosis to Form Spores,Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction,Egg (n),Sperm Filaments (n),Zygote (n),Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction,Ulva,Eukaryotic Nuclear
18、Algae Phylogeny,Eukaryotic Plastid Phylogeny,Eukaryotic Nuclear Algae Phylogeny,Green Algae (Chara) and Plant Common Characteristics I,Green Algae (Chara) and Plant Common Characteristics II,Eukaryotic Nuclear Algae Phylogeny,Eukaryotic Nuclear Algae Phylogeny: “Fungi”,Cellular Slime Molds (Dictyost
19、elium),Acellular Slime Molds (Physarum),?,1 http:/www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/LB_2824_Chlamydomonas_nivalis_x1000b.jpg,2 http:/ http:/www.lima.ohio-state.edu/biology/images/volvox.jpg,3 http:/www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/LB%20933%20Oedogonium%20foveol
20、atum.jpg,5 http:/ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg,6 http:/www.dgsgardening.btinternet.co.uk/moss.JPG,7 http:/botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Chlorophyta/Oedogonium_Images/Zygote_MC_.tn.jpg,8 http:/www.botany.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/Algal%20digital%20or%20web%20images/Egerod%20Caulerpa
21、%20lentillifera%20300%20dpi%20web%20image.jpg,9 http:/www.geneseo.edu/Bosch/Ecology/Caulerpa.jpg,10 http:/www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgoct05/Scenedesmus-opoliensis.jpg,12 http:/ http:/www.botany.ubc.ca/keeling/BIOL332/PrimarySecon.jpg,13 http:/www.panspermia.org/secondary.jpg,14 http:/www.keweena
22、walgae.mtu.edu/ALGAL_IMAGES/euglenophytes/Euglena_n4_dollartow56_402_b.jpg,15 http:/www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/inouye/ino/cy/prochloron.GIF,16 http:/www.nps.gov/archive/olym/lichen/struct.jpg,17 http:/botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130_d.gif,18 http:/www.uog.edu/classes/botany/4
23、74/images/spirogyra_conj_prep3755.jpg,19 http:/www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/Chlorophyta/SpirogyraBig500.jpg,20 http:/www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/image/47350/chlorella2.gif,21 http:/www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg,22 http:/www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images
24、/10_04Cladophora.jpg,25 http:/protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Chlorophyta/Cladophora/sp_1c.jpg,23 http:/www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg,24 http:/www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images/10_04Cladophora.jpg,26 http:/www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg,27 http:/www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg,28 http:/www.csupomona.edu/jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/graphics/g/chl_oedogonium.jpg,29 http:/genesis.ocean.org.il/pictures/animals/Ulva.jpg,30 http:/ http:/ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg,
