1、Addition and Omission,Addition and Omission,增词,是指在译文中增加某些原文中虽无其字但有其义词，以便更充实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。增词决不是无中生有， 随意增加原文的意思。1、 due to the semantic and rhetorical demand1.1 add verb. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communi
2、qu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后、他还得起草最后公报。They had been through it all at his sidethe bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat through empty mid-1960suntil at last, in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. 他们始终站在他的一边， 经历过残酷的厮杀，忍受过辛酸的失败，熬过了一事无成的六十年代中期，好不容易挨到了1968年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。,
3、1.2 add adj.“It will make a man of him,” said Jack, “college is the place for him”.“要让他成为一个真正的男子汉，”杰克说， “就得让他读大学。”He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collectors item.他把国庆节那份报纸视为收藏家的珍品。,1.3add adv. The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐地散开了。As she sat down and began talking , words poured o
4、ut.她一坐下来就讲开了, 滔滔不绝地讲个没完。He talked on, I scribbled away; his telephone buzzed constantly.他侃侃而谈，我匆匆记录，他的电话嗡嗡地响个不停。,In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy driver meets girl driver; they fall in love and drive together.在那时候的电影里， 总是老一套，男司机和女司机始而相遇，继而相爱，最终并肩开车了。,1.4 add N.1.4.1
5、 add n. after vi.First you borrow , then you beg. 头一遭借钱, 下一遭就讨饭。The host carved, poured, served, buttered , talked and laughed.主人切肉呀，倒酒呀，上菜呀，涂黄油呀，有说有笑，忙个不停。,1.4.2 add N. before adj.A new kind of aircraftsmall, cheap, pilotlessis attracting increasing .一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。I saw the d
6、ull, drilled, brutish masses of the Hun soldiers plodding on（沉重而缓慢地行走） like a swarm of crawling locusts,我曾看到过大批头脑愚蠢、训练有素而有凶暴残忍的德国佬， 像一群蝗虫在蠕动行进。,1.4.3.add N. after abstact N.We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我们已取得一些成就, 但要防止自满情绪。You, sir, we regard as a distinguish
7、ed representative of that tradition, and we are delighted to see you in a position to preside（主持） over this body with the patience, dignity, kindness and courtesy which have always distinguished your attitude towards all of us.先生，我们把你看作是这一传统的杰出代表。我们高兴地看到你以耐心、庄重、友善和谦恭的作风主持本机构的工作，这是你对待我们大家一贯的优良作风。 per
8、suasion ，solution, inequalityPreparation,divorceBackwardnessTensionArroganceMadness,1.4.4. add N. after concrete N.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。,1.5 add plurality1.5.1 add overlapped wordsFlowers bloom all over the yard.
9、朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 Newsmen went f lying off to Shanghai. 记者纷纷飞到上海去了。,1.5.2. add num. Or otherThe lion is the king of animals. 狮是百兽之王。 seasons of a year 一年四季 colours of the rainbow 七色的彩虹 separation of powers 三权分立 parallel bars 双杠 the planets in the solar system 太阳系九大行星,1.6 add tenseHe was, he is, and he rema
10、ins to be my beloved teacher.他过去是，现在是，将来仍然是我敬爱的老师。The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。”,1.7 add auxiliary wordDont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。Dont tell me youve missed the train
11、!恐怕你赶不上火车了吧？I declare, John, youve grown a foot.说真的，约翰，你长高一尺啦。,1.8 add measure wordA stream was winding its way through the valley into the river.一弯溪水蜿蜓流过山谷, 汇合到江里去了Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次, 他们吵了一架。,1.9 add summary wordThe advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without ech
12、o. 这大厅有四大优点: 明亮、宽敞, 样式新颖, 没有回声。His diligence, earnestness, carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all. 他勤勉、踏实、细心, 博才, 凡此种种都使他受到众人的夸奖。,2. due to the demand of syntaxThis is as true of nations as it is of individuals.国家是这样，个人也是这样。 A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his m
13、oney.愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。愚人常食言，智者不留钱。The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature即使是强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。The association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。,3. add background information 原语读者对与生俱来、耳濡目染的文化信息不会引起任何误解,但对于不懂该文化的读者而言,就必须采取信息补充手法,增加语言信息量,使意思明确,避免误解。如,我们
14、将Robin Hood 译作“绿林好汉罗宾汉”, 又如:For many families, especially in Tokyo, two incomes are a necessity.对于许多家庭来说,特别是在东京,夫妻俩都去上班以赚取双收入是必不可少的。The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字,祁求上帝保佑。,Youre not Robinson Crusoe. Youre not alone, so dont be so damned selfish.你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾孙，不要事事只为自己打算。 见课
15、本p137,Collin Powell was the worst kept secret.克林鲍威尔是保守得最差的秘密。克林鲍威尔将军要当国务卿已是公开的秘密了。His eight-minute valedictory was everything that Gore wasnt during his 19-month campaign: graceful, authentic, inspiring.他那8分钟的告别演说非常成功，可这些偏偏在18个月的竞选中没有：有风度、可信、鼓舞人心。他在8分钟的告别演说中表现得既有风度又可信，十分鼓舞人心，可惜来得太晚了，在那18个月的竞选中这些从来没有
16、表现出来过。,2 省略（Omission）:是指不译出原文中某些词 的意思。正如增词不是随意增加原文的意思一样， 省略也不是要删去原文的意思，而是省去那些在译文中不言而喻的字词，或省去那些译出来反嫌累赘或不合汉语表达习惯的词语。Huxley: the maximum of thought in the minimum of wordsShakespeare: Brevity is the soul of wit.,2.1Syntactical omissionOmit pronounAs he lay awake, he realized that he was in trouble.他醒来，
17、 躺在地上，明白自己的处境不妙。Before you hand in your paper, you have to read it over and over and see if there is anything in it to be corrected and revised. Then you will have your work well done.交卷前要将试卷反复读几遍，看有没有要修改的地方，这样就可以做得好。,As you sow, so also shall you reap.种豆得豆， 种瓜得瓜。 Aristocratic and democratic tendenc
18、ies in a nation often show themselves in its speeches.一个民族的贵族和民主倾向，常常在言辞中变现出来。,All the other fellows gathered around, stretching their necks like geese.其他的人全围上来，脖子伸得跟鹅似的。To widen your life without deepening it is only to weaken it.拓宽而不加深生活，只能削弱生活。It was a bitterly cold night and at ten oclock it beg
19、an to blow a gale.那时一个寒冷刺骨的夜晚，10点钟时，大风骤起。Lu Xun has it that “Read your own work at least twice after you have got through your writing, trying to cut off all unnecessary words, sentences, and even paragraphs without regrets.”鲁迅说， “写完后至少看两遍，竭力将可有可无的字、句、段删去，毫不可惜。”,2.1.2Omit conj.Life for them is still
20、 very harsh and cruel.他们的生活是极其艰辛的。No man can be brave who considers pain the greatest evil of life; or temperate, who regards pleasure as the highest good.把痛苦视为生活最大不幸的人不可能勇敢，把欢乐当作生活最高追求的人不会自我节制。Because everyone uses language to talk, everyone thinks he can talk about language.人人都用语言交谈，人人也就自认为能够谈论语言。
21、,2.1.3. omit art.On a cold frosty day an Ant was dragging out some of the corn which he had laid up in the summer-time, to dry it. A Grasshopper, half perished with hunger, besought（beseech，哀求） the Ant to give him a morsel（一小份） of it to preserve his life. “What were you doing,” said the Ant, “this l
22、ast summer?” “Oh,” said the Grasshopper, “I was not idle. I kept singing all the summer long.” said the Ant, laughing and shutting up his granary（谷）仓, “since you could sing all summer, you may dance all winter.”一个霜冻的冷天，一只蚂蚁拖出夏天 储存的一些谷子来晒。一只饿得半死的蚱蜢恳求蚂蚁给他一口谷子来维持它的生命。 蚂蚁说：“你今年夏天干什么来着？” 蚱蜢说：“我并没有闲着，我唱了一
23、夏天的歌。” 蚂蚁关起谷仓笑着说：“你既然能唱一夏天的歌， 那么你也可以跳一冬天的舞了。”,2.1.4 omit prep.Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.大街小巷早就传遍了流言飞语。Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this bo
24、ok.本节内容如有任何变化 ，均见本书末附录。,2.2 rhetorical omission2.2.1英语中重复短语，汉译时可适当省略。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she had blushed all the time.
25、她又行了一个屈膝礼，因为她的脸一直是涨得绯红的，所以现在也不可能涨得更红了。,2.2.2根据汉语习惯，可省略一些可有可无的词Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength.不锈钢硬度大，强度高。There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪， 但叶落草枯。He realized the subtlety of Chinas messages, the gap between her hot rhetoric and h
26、er cool action.他领会了中国信息的微妙之处，言辞激烈，行事谨慎。Political views expressed in the editorials were initially pacifist and then more radical, and finally went down as sugar-coated pills.这些社论的政见，先是和平主义的， 后来就比较激进，最后使读者好像吞下裹着糖衣的药丸。,2.2.3 omit adv. And conjShe came to the dining-room window and then cautiously look
27、ed in.她来到餐厅窗前，小心翼翼地向里观看。I had broken my glasses, so I couldnt see what was happening.我把眼镜打破了， 没能看清当时发生的事情。,Exercises:The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret change of messages.美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信息Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard a
28、nd worn.施蒂芬面容憔悴，筋疲力尽，从闷热的工厂里走出来，到了凄风冷雨的街道上。For mistakes had been made, bad ones.因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟糕的错误。,The difference between me and these daughters was that they saw me, because of my sex, as destined from birth to become like their fathers, and therefore as an enemy to their desires.我和这些女儿们的分歧在于：由
29、于性别的缘故，他们认为我生来注定要成为他们父亲那样的人，因而也就成为妨碍他们实现自己愿望的敌人。I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.我疯热地爱上了她，他也狂热地爱上了我。,The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Edon.哈罗公学的点名方式跟伊顿公学有所不同。IN a moment she reappeared to hurl my change and the ticket on the counter with such force most of it fell on the floor at my feet.不一会工夫，他又回来了，将零钱和车票往柜台上猛地一摔，大半都撒落在我脚边。Some children of the village were running hand in hand, now shouting with unthinking mirth and now pausing to gaze with childish curiosity on the grief of the mourner.村里的一些孩子手拉着手跑来跑去，一会儿痴笑地喧闹，一会儿停下来， 用幼稚又好奇的眼光凝视着送殡人的悲哀。见课本48页,
