1、国际音标,元音和辅音的定义： 发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。 不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。,元音音标学习,元音概述：元音是有噪音的语音。形成元音时，声带振动，气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时，不受到任何阻碍，没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音（单元音1个，双元音个）。 元音之间的差异，是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的。所谓“不同位置”，指的是舌头的高低与前后，牙床的开合程度，以及唇形的大小和圆扁。但其中决定的因素是
2、舌头的位置：舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部，决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音；舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高，决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音。牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的，而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响。因此，描述一个元音的发音部位，主要是描述它的舌位和唇形。,元音音标学习,Lesson 1,元音i: I : 学习,i: 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee e: me be she he we eveningee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three greenea:meat lea
3、f sea pea teach eat clean 圈出元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。1.seat rain bean vet 2.gift feet teacher dreadful3.tip star tree jeep 4.sweet sea fish the,i 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ayi: pig fish in fifteen ship thine: begin behind jacket basketbally: happy heavy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty windy rainy sno
4、wyey: monkey moneyay: Sunday Saturday Friday 根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1.friday sit kick lip 2.ink gift kite ship,发:的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear orer: her serve termir:bird skirt first ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtainear:early learn or: word work world圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2.
5、 bank pear her nurse3.turtle bird rabbit knee,发的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a eure: pictureer:teacher brother dinner father sister motherar: sugaror:doctor a: panda about above camera sofa China 根据发音规则，找出发的2个单词 1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. tiger China sugar soon,音标i: i : 练习 1. 找出下列没有
6、相同发音的词。( ) he feet bread green( ) pig is dog ship( ) thirty bird her food( ) she big in money( ) sweets fish teacher we( ) teacher sister about girl( ) tiger first work shirt( ) tree bean clean chin( ) father doctor skirt china( ) happy sea sit picture 2. 读音标写单词。bi: b:d si: swi:t bizi h: dkt sist li
7、:f hi: 3. 连线。meat :thirsty i:driver animal i:,Lesson 2,音标: u: u学习,: 发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oora: wateraw:draw strawberryal:ball wallor:horse corn fork or short oor:floor door 根据发音规则，找出发:的1个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk, 发这个音的字母和
8、字母组合o ao: fox coffee dog shop dogdoctor longa: watch 哪2个发:？ 1.doctor teacher box clothes2.cold zoo clock dog3.love boss lot violin4.watch beach fox girl,发u: 的字母和字母组合o oo ui o: do who whoseoo: food moon tooui: fruit juiceu: ruler rude 根据发音规则，找出不发u:的单词。1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon3
9、. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch,u发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo uo:woman wolfoo:look good book foot woodu:bull bullet 根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name,音标: u: u练习 一 找出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) moon food eat fruit( ) true book
10、wood look( ) four small walk bird( ) got clock shop shirt( ) bus foot push book( ) lost ball long ox( ) ruler dog mooncake blue( ) big ship horse it,四. 写出单词或音标。 bru:m d: sit b:d fut wi: dg sist 五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。hot blu:football hukblue ki:shook futb:lkiss ht,Lesson 3,音标a: e 练习,音标a: e 练习,发a:的字母和字母
11、组合a ar au eara: grass glass class plant dance fast father last ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf au: laugh auntear: heart 根据发音规则，圈出发a:的2个单词。1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park,发 的字母和字母组合o u oo ouo: son come colour love money u: sun nu
12、t jump gum bus brush supper usou: touch cousin country 根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her, 发这个音的字母和字母组合aa: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map 根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.rat bed face 2.hear cup fat pear3.
13、rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple,e 发这个音的字母和字母组合e eae: egg bell desk leg pet ten penea: bread head breakfast 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy,音标a: e 练习 一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。a:： ： ： e：_ 二选出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) 1. car arm food garden(
14、) 2. true jump bus cut ( ) 3. bag short map flag( ) 4. egg pen head small( ) 5. got clock bell dog( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot( ) 7. rat bat apple ten( ) 8. gun star duck moneg 三. 写出单词或音标。pa:st ru:m swet sitft gt cp sh:t bag car bus bread star head,四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音，有一种读音的在（ ）里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画( ) 1.
15、hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum( ) 3. dad cap hand map( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 五. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词like_(交通工具) hat _(动物)lake _(食品) nice _(数字)hot _(用品) well _(用品),Lesson 4,元音音标ei ai i au练习,音标ei ai i au练习,ei 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake ga
16、te lazyai: rain train wait ay:day May play today way 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样 的单词。1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train,ai 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uyi: kite bike nice tiger write knifey: by cry fly my sky try whyie:tie pie uy:buy 根据发音规则，找出每组中发ai的2个单词.1.ri
17、ce good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite,i 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oyoi: oil boil coin cornoy: boy toy 根据发音规则，找出每组中发i的2个单词.1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk,au 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trou
18、sers ow: flower cow how now down 根据发音规则，选出不发au的单词。1mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby,音标ei ai i au练习 一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。 ei： ai： i： au：_ 二. 选出下列没有发相同发音的词( ) 1. cake egg rain May( ) 2. kite cry broom fly( ) 3. boy joy cat kate noise( ) 4. bl
19、ouse sun cow house( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm 三. 读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母，单 词的音标。klaud set kin kr:sc_ _ _d s_ _ c_ _n cr_ _sflg trein desk smail f_ _g tr_ _n d_ _ _ s_ _le Aa Kk Ii Yy hi hey boy cow now toy bike house my cake face how nice,四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来bow baugate paitray geitpie treipoison pizn五.
20、看图、填空、标号 h_t s_n e_ _s_ r r_l_ _ c_k_ m_ _th,Lesson 5,元音音标u i e u的练习,音标u i e u的练习,u 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa owo: nose rose poem over oa: boat coat soap goat ow: show window snow bowl 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的2个单词。1coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp,i 发这个音的字母和字母组合
21、ear eerear: ear hear tear deareer: deer beer 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发i的1个 单词。1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three,e 发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear air: air hair chair pair ear: pear bear wear 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发e的1个 单词。1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come3
22、.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three,u 发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ureoor: poorour: tour ure: sure pure 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的1个 单词。1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer,音标u i e u的练习 一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。u： i： e： u：_ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) 1. mout
23、h coat goat window( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher( ) 3. pair boy air hare( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry( ) 5. boat bike side fly 三. 写出单词或音标。nuz said i kau pepu bt wu:d go ear photo deer near nose hear 五. 把下列单词与音标用线连起来。ruz theater it roseskwe tourtu squarepleisiz places,Practice,review,i: I can see the de
24、ep green sea.i Why does Lily go out with Jim and not him?,: The nurse put her pearl in her purse. My mother and my sister like the new shopping center.,: Paul plays basketball. My mom likes to shop, she shops until she stops.,u: You look so cool. u Wheres the cook book? Please take a look.,a: Our ga
25、me of darts is starting. Father and son are flying kites in the sun., An apple is good after a nap.e My hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs everyday.,ei It is a rainy day.ai I like to fly my kite in a quiet place.,i Boys and girls like new toys. They will bring many joys.au I got a cat to chase the mous
26、e, now I hear “meow meow” around the house.,u Rose likes ice-cream in a cone, but never when shes home alone.i Tom has one bad ear, you must speak loud and clear.,e Beware of the hare in the yard, he glares and stares very hard.u I love tours of European places.,音节 (Syllables): 音节是包含一个元音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合
27、而成的发音单位。在英语中元音特别响亮, 一个元音可以构成一个音节, 如：I ; 一个元音和一个或几个元音或辅音音素也可以构成一个音节, 如：go, bed, lamp, stand。一般来说,元音可以构成音节, 辅音不响亮, 不能构成音节。,A. 音节的种类:(A) 开音节(Open syllables): 分绝对开音节和相对开音节两种。a. 绝对开音节：就是在元音字母后面没有 辅音字母的音节, 如: no, she, me等 （无声的e 除外）。,b. 相对开音节：就是在元音字母后面有辅音字母（r 除外）, 还有一个无声的字母 e,如: take, bike, note, mute等 (ha
28、ve 例外)。,不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节, 读音的规则就是发其中元音字母的名称音。,元音字母在重读开音节或重读相对开音节中读元音字母本身的音：元音字母 读音 例词 读音 a /ei/ a /ei/e /i:/ me /mi:/I /ai/ I /ai/o / u / no /nu /u /ju:/ cue /kju:/,exercise,(B) 闭音节(Close syllables): 元音字母后面有辅音字母（r除外）时, 这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。它的读音规则是: a读作/ /; at, cat, shall; e 读作/ e /; desk, best; i 读作/ i /
29、; sit, pig pick; o读作/ /; hot, knock; u读作/, up, cut, duck,元音字母在重读闭音节中的常用读音：元音字母 读音 例词 读音a / / man /mn/e /e/ men /men/I /i/ bit /bit/ o / / hot hot-pot /h t/u /u/ put /put/,(C) -r 音节：元音字母与辅音字母 r 结合，构成ar, er, ir, or, ur音节。 在-r音节中, ar读作/:/, 如：car, far, park, star, large, farmer, target, carpet, carpente
30、r, carbon ( 例外：war, warm, warp, Mary) ;or读作/ : /, 如:short, horse, north, sport, normal, forward (例外:word, work, worm, world); er, ir, ur都读作/ : /, 如：her, verb, term, serve, stern, certain ( 例外：clerk, very, Derby) ; girl, bird, first, shirt, skirt, firm; fur, hurt, burn, turn, nurse, further, curtain。
31、,有一点要注意：在双音节或多音节的词中, r 如果是双写, r 前的元音字母在重读音节中按闭音节的读音规则发音, 例如：marry / /, merry / e /, mirror / i /, sorry/ /, hurry / /。,(D) -re音节：元音字母与辅音字母组合-re 结合，构成are, ere, ire, ore, ure音节。 在-re音节中, are 读作/ /, 如：care, dare, hare, rare stare, square; ere读作/ i / 或 / /, 如：mere, here; there, where(例外：were)； ire读作/ ai
32、 /, 如：fire,tire, hire; ore读作/ : /, 如：more, sore, wore, store; ure读作/ ju / 或 / u /, 如：pure, cure, manure; sure。,a /i/ village /e/ any many / catch match fact happy marry /a:/ pass glass demand advance / / what wash swallow want watch / agree ahead admire attend /ei/ take make table case behave able l
33、ate,！,ai /e/ said /ei/ wait rain train raise grain ar /a:/ arm garden march smart harmful /:/ war warm warn / calendar polar /e/ area vary various au /a:/ aunt laugh /:/ taught caught naught fault ay /e/ says /ei/ may way play stay,e /i:/ me we he equal scene /i/ pretty English England /e/ egg effec
34、t check enter never gentle accept ee /i:/ see indeed breeze succeed /i/ coffee committee ea /i:/ eat beat neat real defeat /e/ spread/i/ idea real ly realize /ei/ break great,eer /i/ beer cheer deer careerear /a:/ heart/i/ ear near clear fear hear /e/ bear tear wear /:/ earth heard search ei /i:/ se
35、ize receive ceiling /ei/ eight neighbor reign,i /i:/ police ski machine /i/ it fit pig miss kiss fill picnic /ai/ nice like wife advice dive prize wise tidy igh /ai/ high nightir /:/ bird first birthday ie /i:/ yield piece field believe /i/ carried worried ladies /e/ friend,o /i/ women/ copy offer b
36、lock college possible /u/ woman wolf /u:/ who do lose dove movement/ son come compass government / method Europe second /u/ notice bone devote hero host,oo /:/ door/u/ good wood book woolen football /u:/ fool spoon cool tooth choose / flood blood oa /:/ broad board /u/ road boat coat coachow / knowl
37、edge/u/ know bowl slow low flow follow /au/ now how town tower,.,ou / cough /:/ bought brought course / touch trouble couple double / / famous/au/ loud house shout south outer mouth about /u/ tour tourist /u/ soul shoulder though although,u /i/ busy /e/ bury/u/ push pull helpful bullet careful/u:/ r
38、ude June revolutionary pollution / sun adult culture custom,ui /u:/ fruit juice /i/ build guilt ue /u:/ blue cruelty true ur /:/ turn church furniture further/ surprise survive /u/ fury jury assurance,英语辅音 (English consonants) (共28个）,辅音的特点： 辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、 、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果。辅音有清浊之分, 发音时声带震动的是浊音，不震动的是清音
39、。,Lesson 6,辅音音标p b t d练习,辅音音标p b t d练习,p 发这个音的字母和字母组合p ppp: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stoppp: apple happy 根据发音规则，圈出没有发p的单词。1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck,b 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bagbananabb: rubber rabbi
40、t cabbage 根据发音规则，圈出发b的2个单词。1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby,t 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket Tt: butter matter 根据发音规则，圈出没有发t的1个单词。1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck3.pocket packet cat rain,d 发这个音的字母和字母组合d edd: duck
41、 seed door desk day redhead bed read colded: smiled opened played 根据发音规则，圈出没有发d的1个单 词。1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five3.dance duck grape,音标p b t d练习 一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。 p： b： t： d：_ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) 1. pear ship coat pig ( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage ( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet ( ) 4. seed dance hand full ( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple ( ) 6. cold find door chair ( ) 7. cloth purple pool push ( ) 8. eat fan quiet set 三.写出单词或音标。pnd kt di:p klaudapple pear rabbit read 四. 改变下列单词的一个字母，使它变成另一个单词。 short_(衣物) sea_（感官动词） pet _(蔬菜) ten_ (动物),
