1、Writing,Lecture 1,Topic Sentence 主题句,主题句又称主旨句或关键句，是一个段落中最重要的句子，是段落的“纲”。说明段落的中心思想和作者的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。 段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。,Topic sentence = a topic + a controlling idea about the topic 主题句=主题+中心思想 主题：段落所谈的话题，问题 中心思想：限定话题的范围，确定话题的发展方向。整个段落都以这个中心思想为依据，围绕它进行。中心思想用关键词(key words)来表达。,The formation of a
2、 topic sentence,How to make a topic sentence,主题句的写作技巧 主题句的写法: - 主题句应尽量清晰明了,简练,用词准确，力求用一句话清楚地表达该段的中心。 主题句位于段首:-开门见山，点出主题。 表示人的名词或代词主语的句子 表示物的名词做主语的句子 用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。 用“There +be + 名词”句型来写主题句。 用It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型,例如: (1) The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped
3、in the past few years.(2) The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience.(3) However, the negative effects are also obvious. 注意:第一句中的表示物的名词做主题句; 第二句中的关键词advantage和第三句中的negative effects表达中心思想.,(1)本文写作提示:角度一是遵循模版。采用以上模版套用题目分析优点和缺点,得出结论。 (2)本文写作提示:角度二是考虑文章中的主题句。写好主题句是文章成功的关键。,Prac
4、tice,The discussion about has never stopped in the past few years. Lets have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion.The biggest advantage of . Whats more.However, the negative effects are obvious. To begin with, . In the second place,. Finally,.Up until now, w
5、e can see it clearly that. The key lies in the user- so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.,Reference Model (1),(1)The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years. Lets have a look at its advantages and disadvantag
6、es before drawing the final conclusion.(2)The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience. Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you can know the meaning quickly. Whats more, with the development of science and technology, electronic dictionaries are becoming more and more
7、 advanced: they can pronounce the words clearly, provide sample sentences to,Reference Model (2),illustrate words usage and store difficult words for special memorization. Last but by no means the least, electronic dictionaries are becoming cheaper, and more and more students can afford them.(3) How
8、ever, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, some students rely too much on the electronic dictionary-they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions. In the second place, some explanations are neither complete nor accurate,Reference Model (3),which are quite mislead
9、ing. Finally, new technical inventions do not necessarily lead to progress in learning. Diligence is always the decisive factor, because “There is no royal road to learning”.Up until now, we can see it clearly that electronic Dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself. The key lies in the use
10、r- so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.,The Effects of Exercise on Our Health 1. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。 2. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。 3. 给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。,Sample writing,The Effects of Exercise on Our Health1) As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to
11、 our health. 2) First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles, thereby changing our whole health for the better. 3) Besides, it can make our brains better able to react to what is going on around us. 4) And best of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life.,Refe
12、rence model,5) But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the negative effects exercise brings about. 6) If you are normally inactive and then, contrary to your usual habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific studies reveals, there are more chances
13、that you have yourself injured. 7) In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get. 8) And worst of all,continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death. 9) Therefore, a scientific approach
14、 must be adopted to the problem of exercise. 10) On the one hand, our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity. 11) On the other, we must go in for physical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own. 12) In sum, exercise can do us good or harm,
15、 all depending on how we make use of it.,Writing,Lecture 2,表示举例说明的过渡语,表示递进关系的过渡语,表示对比对照的过渡语,表示因果关系的过渡语,Writing 过渡语,表示结论的过渡语,表示转折的过渡语,表示举例说明的过渡语,表示递进关系的过渡语,for example, for instance, for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in point Lets take as an example; take for example is a typic
16、al example of ,表示对比对照的过渡语,表示因果关系的过渡语,表示结论的过渡语,表示转折的过渡语,Practice,Should Firecracker Be Banned? 1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？ 2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？ 3. 我的看法 (1)本文写作提示:角度一是遵循模版。采用以上模版套用题目分析优点和缺点,得出结论。 (2)本文写作提示:角度二是段落中句与句的过渡。过渡语的应用使句与句，段与段之间衔接更 紧密，更具有连接性。,Practice,There has long been a national debate on Some people
17、advocate that firecrackers should be banned because. Others hold the opposite opinion. They believe. From my point of view, I welcome so-called limited banning, which has been practiced in some parts of our country. On the one hand,. On the other hand,. Only in this way can we.,Reference Model (1),T
18、here has long been a national debate on firecrackers. Some people advocated that firecrackers should be banned because we had heard of too many instances of firecrackers injuring people and causing fires. Others hold the opposite opinion. They believe firecrackers, apart from creating happy atmosphe
19、re and bringing good luck, have become part of our national tradition. How can we do away with this custom which labels our identity? From my point of view, I welcome the so- called limited banning, which has been,Reference Model (2),practiced in some parts of our country. On the one hand, the local
20、 government at all levels, can organize large-scale parties in which firecrackers are let off on national holidays especially the Spring Festival. On the other hand, the specialist himself, who makes this his career, takes on the responsibility of letting off the firecrackers on ceremonies and parti
21、es. Only in this way can we ward off danger while retaining the happiness brought about by firecrackers.,Writing,Lecture 3,对立观点式,A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C我的看法。,三段式,Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X X. They point out the fact that 支持X X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X
22、X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X X. They firmly point out that 反对X X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X X overweigh the disadvantages. In additio
23、n to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X X also may 。,主题段常用句型,1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think / view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
24、 . There is probably some truth in both arguments /statements , but I tend to the prefer/latter . 3. Now, it is commonly /generally / widely believed/ held /acknowledged that They claim/ believe /argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.,中间段开头句型,On the contrary, there are some people in favor of _. T
25、hey believe _. Moreover, they think _.,辩论式议论文模板 1,Some people believe / argue / recognize / think that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former / latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More impo
26、rtantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.,People hold different views about something. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/lat
27、ter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.,辩论式议论文模板 2,辩论式议论文模板 3,There is no consensus of opinions among people about 争论的焦点。Some people are of t
28、he view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A na
29、tural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.,My Opinion on Campus Love,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My opinion on Campus Love. You should write a
30、t least 120 words according to the situation given below in Chinese: 1. Some people are strongly against campus love. 2. Some people accept it. 3. My view.,Sample Writing 1,Campus love isnt a newly-born phenomenon. Some people are strongly against it while some others think its natural. I dont advoc
31、ate it. The reasons are as follows. First of all, undergraduates are neither fully psychologically mature nor able to assume the responsibility, especially freshmen and sophomores. Second, they may indulge in it, thus neglecting their study, which isnt rare. Third, some just take advantage of it to
32、kill time, avoid boredom with much time at their own disposal, have someone keep company, etc. Whats more, some change dating “partners“ frequently, holding a paradox opinion that they could show off their,charm or accumulate experience, but more often than not, they would leave a bad impression, su
33、ch as lacking the sense of responsibility, on others, especially their former sweethearts. Last, the proportion of successful couples is too low. The overwhelming majority reach the same end-parting just before graduation, forced by reality, etc. So, look before you leap, discard campus love and mak
34、e a wiser decision after graduation.,Sample Writing 2,On campus, lovers can be found here and there. They are very intimate with each other sometimes. Some people think too much intimacy has a bad influence. It takes lovers too much time and energy. Then how about their studies? Furthermore, their i
35、ntimacy can also distract their own as well as other students attention from study. Campus should be a place for study and should maintain an atmosphere of learning.,On the other hand, other people believe it is OK. Pursuing love is all right to students on campus and intimacy is a natural expressio
36、n of love. Some scholars of law hold that friendships and appropriate intimacy are an important part of students development. A sociologist says, “Students right to self-expression should be respected.“ In my opinion, what all people should do is just leave it as it is. University students are adult
37、s, and they can handle their own affairs well enough. However, they have to admit that school is a place where people receive education and their main task is to study. Therefore, students are expected to behave themselves in proper ways.,Sample Writing for edit,Nowadays, campus love is popular. Som
38、e college teachers argue that students should give up love for the sake of learning. They maintain that love is time consuming and influences ones learning. Some students, however, hold that a student who falls in love will study harder and will make greater progress. They dont believe that a person
39、 in love lags behind in his studies. There are different kinds of love on campus. Some students regard love as killing time or adding color; some are pragmatic, thinking its difficult to find a better partner after graduation; the purpose of others is for seeking the impetus of study. Anyhow, far aw
40、ay from home and alone, seeking friendship, understanding and love, the boys and girls easily find comfort and appreciation from one another.,As a mater of fact, love is a sharp double-bladed knife. Having it will make you very happy; while losing it, you always feel disappointed and depressed. When
41、 the bond of love broken, going on studying as usual or sinking lament or even being crazy depends on us. We will not let romantic entanglement interfere with our studies. Love is a natural and quiet. During the process of love we will experience romantic love, frustrating love and critical love and
42、 real love. True love will overcome our pain and dismay, warm our heart, and spark our spirit with delight forces but not resistance.,1996-01,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you
43、 should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。 2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。 3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。,The Two-day Weekend,The two-day weekend has brought a lot of benefits to college students. It not only offers us more time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest, but also
44、gives us more chances to take up some hobbies, such as fishing, reading, or gardening. From these activities we can learn many things outside the classroom, which will add to our knowledge.,Despite the convenience it brings us, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems. The mos
45、t serious one is that the weekdays are filled with more lessons, sometimes too many. Because our classes are limited to Monday through Friday, we have to take more lessons each day than in the past. This leaves us little time to catch our breath during the weekdays. In order to benefit most from the
46、 two-day weekend, I have decided to make a good plan for the two-day weekend. Of course I should take this chance to relax. But during the weekend, I will still set aside enough time to study. By doing so ii can have a good time as well as make progress in my studies.,1995-01,Directions: For this pa
47、rt, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness) 2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil) 3. 我的看法,Can Money
48、Buy Happiness?,Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they
49、 think, is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing
50、 that cant be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it.,I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness.,
