1、Presentation Title,Analogy,类比,Definition,Analogy(类比)：It compares two things,which are alike in various respects,for the purpose of explaining or clarifying same unfamiliar or complex ideas or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to a familiar one.将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，是通过比喻手法的综合运用帮助说明道
2、理或描述某种复杂情况。,e.gAppropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower.恰当的赞扬对孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。（这里把“赞扬的作用”和“阳光的作用”进行类比）,e.gWriting a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo.写一本有关诗歌的书如同将一片玫瑰花瓣扔进大峡谷等待它的回音。（将“写书的动作”和“把玫瑰花瓣扔到大峡谷等回音”相类比）,eg: Woma
3、n, when you move about in your household service your limbs sing like a hill stream among its pebbles.妇人，你在料理家务的时候，你的手足歌唱着，正如山间的溪水歌唱着在小石中流过。- 泰戈尔 飞鸟集,Some patterns of analogy:,1.A is to B as C is to De.g:Air is to man as water is to fish.Food is to man as fuel is to engine.2.A is to B what C is to D
4、e.g:Judicious(明智的) praise is to children what the sun is to flower.,3.(just) as A.B,(so) C.De.g:Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature,so Marx discovered the law of development of the human history.4.if A were B,C would.De.g:If society were a train,the etiquette(礼节，礼仪；规矩) would be the r
5、ails(轨道) along which only the train could rumble forth;if society were a state coach,the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.,Function,Analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or exposition of an idea.类比可通过许多平行的相似来扩展，来说服读者由于
6、两件事在许多方面很相似，一件事物得出的结论暗示另一件事物也可得出同样的结论。另外，类比的事物通常是人们熟悉的。,Distinguish metaphor,simile from analogy:,Analogy is a special form of comparison which draws parallel similarities between two unlike things(or the two unlike things have several similar properties).All metaphors and similes are based on analo
7、gy.But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a metaphor does,but also gaps between the two things as many similarities as possible and then develop them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective.,比喻属于修辞范畴，类比属于逻辑范畴。比喻在“喻”，以彼喻此，显示本体与喻体之间的形似或神似；类比侧重“类”，
8、以彼类此，显示本体与类体之间的神似或质同。,e.gAs cold water to a thirsty soul,so is good news from a far country.(analogy)Jim wormed his way through the thicket灌木丛 towards the forest.(metaphor)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo发电机,as precise as chemists scales,as penetrating as a scalpel外科手术刀.(simile),Differences betw
9、een comparison and analogy:,Comparison: finds similarities between alike things or things belonging to the same category e.g a lion and a tigerAnalogy: a special form of comparison shows similarities between essentially unlike things or things belonging to totally different classes e.g girls and flowers,类比是通过某些事物相同的属性来比较，从而达到说理论证的目的。同类比相反，对比是寻找事物之间的不同点，通过正反对照，是非比较，从而达到说理论证的目的。,结束页,
