1、(a). 开头句型适合 discussion 问题的开头The issue/ discussion/ topic/ problem/ subject about/ of (whether 从句 or how +不定式) is of great interest/ concern/ importance/ significance to/ forhas triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of The issue ofis of great interest toe.g. The issue of whether t
2、he practice of requiring students to wear school uniforms will affect their personality and individuality is of great interest to many people. The topic ofis of great concern fore.g. The topic of whether it is appropriate and effective to use corporal punishment on young children is of great concern
3、 for many people. The subject ofis of great importance toe.g. The subject of how to resolve the problems caused by the rapid development of technology nowadays is of great importance to many scientists. The discussion aboutis of great significance toe.g. The discussion about the most effective way t
4、o provide financial and technological supports to third-world countries is of great significance to both industrialized and developing countries. The question ofis a matter of much contention among The problemhas been widely debated in the world of The inquiry intohas triggered/sparked off an intens
5、e controversy in the realm ofe.g. The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has triggered an intense controversy in the realm of science对于人类克隆研究与实验的道德性所作的研究已经引起了科学界的激烈争议适合 agree/disagree 问题的开头 Although it is commonly believed that, this is actual
6、ly not the casee.g. Although it is commonly believed that conventional views about a healthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer relevant to young peoples needs today, this is actually not the case. Although it is widely accepted that, this is simply untrue in our day-to-day experiences Altho
7、ugh it is generally acknowledged that, this can hardly be held true in many real-life situations. Although conventional wisdom has it that, the reality of the situation is often far more complicated than that.虽然传统大众观念认为，但是现状却远比这种观念要复杂得多 Although the received opinion is that, the harsh realities usua
8、lly turn out to be a completely different picture虽然大众普遍接受的观点是，但是无情的现实往往显现出不同的图景e.g. Although the received opinion is that schoolchildren generally benefit from watching television and using other high-tech media in their learning process, the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely diffe
9、rent picture. Although many people subscribe to the belief that, this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up虽然许多人认同这样的观点：，但是事实上这却是一种我们需要澄清的普遍错误观念e.g. Although many people subscribe to the belief that providing public library facilities and services is a waster of taxpayers money,
10、 this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up. Although most individuals are convinced that, this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded.虽然大多数人坚信，但这却是一种我们必须揭穿的普遍错误观点e.g. Although most individuals are convinced that their happiness is closely linked with the level of thei
11、r financial success, this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded.表示趋势的句型There has been a growing trend thatan interesting tendency that/ofa common practice of/thata widespread phenomenon thate.g. There has been a widespread phenomenon that students from rural areas find it increasingly dif
12、ficult to have access to college or university education. Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation ine.g. Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural development, where industrial technologies are being employed
13、and new varieties of crops are being created, yet, opponents of this development have raised a number of difficult questions. From my point of view, this is a really complicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand the whole picture.(b). 中立关系 It is worth mentioning that 值得一提的是 It
14、 is by no means certain that 完全不能确定的是 It is far too soon that 为时过早的是 It is not uncommon that 不足为奇的是 It is undeniable that 不可否认的是 It is unavoidable that 不可回避的是 It is obvious/ evident/ manifest that 明显的是 It is gradually borne in on sb that 逐渐被某人认识到 It is of great interest that 广为兴趣的是 It is of paramoun
15、t importance that 首要的是 It is of great urgency that 刻不容缓的是 It is +副词 + suggested/argued/advised/believed that 普遍认为 It is widely accepted that It is generally/commonly believed that 普遍相信的是 It is universally acknowledged that 众所周知的是 It is strongly/commonly suggested recommended/ advised that 强烈建议的是 It
16、is sometimes argued that 有时候争论的是 There is/was little/no substance that 几乎毫无/没有根据 It is no without substance that 并非没有根据表达观点的句式 Advocates of的支持者 Opponents of的反对者Point out/ argue/ claim 声称/believe / assert 断言/ declare 宣称/ conceive设想 that表示趋势的句型There has been a growing trend thatan interesting tendency
17、 that/ofa common practice of/thata widespread phenomenon thatRecent decades have seen an increased awareness ofwitnessed a major transformation in 表示“强调某种状态在特定明显或不明显” 的句型This is especially true if/when we consider the fact that/when it comes to/in terms of当我们考虑的时候，这一点尤为正确It is not even always true t
18、hat 并不是总是正确的 Incline to = tend to 倾向于 Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to获得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/ 接近的机会e.g. Men and wowen should have equal access to education and employment. Be accompanied by B 伴随 A Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorized
19、 to 使享有权利，使符合资格e.g. the privately insured are entitled to special benefits such as having the choice pf their own doctors, and being able to avoided long waiting lists for hospital beds. Have and will continue to 现在是并且将来也会继续e.g. Education has been and will continue to be central to the countrys econ
20、omic performance in the 21st century. Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(负面的) = evoke 引起，造成e.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起作用Play a role in sth 扮演角色 正面: Considerable / enormous / dominant / profoun
21、d / crucial / beneficial (favorable) / stabilizing / pervasive / substantial / lasting / formative相当大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深远的/有利的/稳定的/ 广泛的/实际的/(对成长或发展) 重大作用 负面: adverse(unfavorable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive)不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有内在的优点/缺点e.g. In terms of en
22、vironmental protection, exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages. Be in a position to do 有条件去做e.g. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight, people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and veget
23、able from the tropical zone. Be a double-edged sword 是一把双刃剑 Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth 装备，使有能力，向提供 Turn on = hinge on 取决于e.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians. A is a key determinant of B A 是 B 的决定因素e.g. In an individuals career, tenacity is a key
24、 determinant of success. Be an underlying factor in 是 潜在/隐含力量e.g. Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapers Rely (almost exclusively) on = depend on (几乎全)依靠e.g. Children should not always rely on parents help. Be considered as = be think of as = be acknowledged
25、as = be regarded as 被认为是 Be served/used as a brenchmark It turned out that = turn out to be 证明是E.g. the advancement of technology turns out be conducive to the mankinds. Be confronted with= In the face of 面临着e.g. be confronted with/in the face of fierce/stiff/intense competition Deserve/require (car
26、eful /full / serious / sufficient / special) consideration需要仔细/全面/认真/足够/特别考虑Take sth into consideration/account 考虑到， 顾及 A and B are not mutually exclusive 两者并不互相排斥e.g. This two options are not mutually exclusive. Be no exception to 也不例外e.g. There is no exception to this rule in modern or in accent t
27、imes. Does not necessarily mean 并不必然意味着 be now a commonplace 司空见惯的事 A and B alike 两者都，同样地 Reach saturation point 到达饱和程度 End up + doing/ adj/ in sth 以 告终(c). 插入语和衔接词In essence 本质上 In terms of 就而言 As the case may be,句子 or 主语+ 谓语, as the case may be,宾语 根据具体情况而定，视情况而定e.g. Students should be given suffic
28、ient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be. More often than not,句子. 通常，往往e.g. More often than not it is these moments that separate the victors from the rest because they never despair , and press on when others fade.往往就是这些时刻将成功者与其他人区分开来因为成功者从不绝望，会在他人放弃时选择坚持下去。表示“依我而言 ”的词组Fro
29、m my point of view,From my perspective,To my mind,In my opinion,To my way of thinking关于 By no means 的应用Be by no means an exclusive/a unique way 绝不是唯一的方法Be by no means confined to 绝不局限于e.g. Poverty and deprivation are by no means confined to the north of the country.Be by no means fortuitous/coincide
30、ntial 绝非偶然e.g. The occurrence of such things is by no means fortuitous/ coincidentalBe by no means isolated 绝非孤立/个别e.g. Such cases, though not prevalent, are by no means isolated.Be by no means separated from 绝不应该脱离e.g. Theory should by no means be separated from practice. 理论绝对不应该脱离实际Be by no means
31、certain 仍未确定的e.g. It is by no means certain that genetrically modified food will benefit humans in the future. 转基因食品能否在未来有益于人类仍是不确定的Be by no means a perfect way 绝非完善的方法e.g. This is by no means a perfect way to solve the problem.表示例证的句型is a good case in point= one example will suffice to illustrate t
32、his point= a telling(有说服力的) /notorious (臭名昭著的) example is = is a representative of 表示大量的词组A+形容词+ number of+可数名词 +谓语动词复数A+形容词+amount of+不可数名词+ 谓语动词单数(time/money/information/help/data)大量的: Massive/considerable/enormous/ tremendous不成比例的: disproportionate小量的: Limited/moderate/smallA wide range of = a va
33、st/impressive array of = a wealth of = a host of = a variety of表示“一系列 ”的词组A series of = a chain of = a sequence of表示“等等”的词组and so forth= and so on = and the like表示程度的短语in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地in no small/ some/ large/ equal measure 在很大/ 某种/ 很大/同样程度上To some/a certain extent 在某种/一定程度上To a lesser ex
34、tent 其次表示“关于，谈及到，就 而言”的词组When it comes to With respect to In regard to In relation to 表示某个时间段的词组In the midst of 正值时候Amid +名词词组 在当中Under the wave of +名词 在浪潮中表示伴随状态的词组With the rapid development of 随着 快速发展With the advent of 随着时代的来临With the proliferation of 随着 扩散With the huge expansion of 随着扩张表示“不管”的词组R
35、egardless of = irrespective of 表示“考虑到，鉴于 ”的词组In the light of = in view of 表示“更不用说 ”的词组not to mention + sth = let alone表示“(对社会规则的)遵从，遵守”的词组In conformity with = in compliance with = in accordance with表示“除了之外 ”的词组Apart from= Other than表示“连锁反应 ”的词组Domino effect 多米洛骨牌效应Knock-on effect 连锁反应(d). 积极关系Be mad
36、e (readily/ freely/ publicly/ generally) available for/to sb可以容易/免费/让公众/普遍得到e.g. Free medical care must be made available for those too poor to do so. Provide/give sb deep/penetrating/revealing/ fascinating insights into sth给予某人深刻的/有启发性的/发人心省的/生动的见识e.g. The old buidling in cities can give people esp
37、ecially teenagers fascinating insights into the change of history.acquire/advance/broaden/deepen ones understanding of sth 获得/ 增进见识= gain/get/obtain insights into Have better acquaintance with 更了解e.g. Have better acquaintance with the local needs than those in other countries so that it utilise the
38、social resources more efficiently= have better knowledge withe.g. Local people or government have better knowledge with the operation of charity organization in terms of the oversee of donations, thus ascertaining the transparency of fund arrangement and avoiding misappropriation of the public fund.
39、 Become/be proficient/skillful in/at sth/ in doing 精通，熟练e.g. student should become proficient in using several languages. Instill sth in/into sb = inculcate sth in/into sb 灌输某人e.g. instill an idea/confidence deeply into sbinculcate a sense of responsibility in sb= impart sth to sb 传授给某人 Be capable o
40、f sth/doing sth 有能力的，足以胜任的= be competent to do sth= Be more than capable of 完成有能力e.g. Schools should equip students with practicial skills so that they are competent to find a job under current fierce competition.Be well/fully aware of/that = be conscious of/that 意识到，注意到e.g. People have been fully a
41、ware of the urgency of environmental protection.Be the major beneficiaries from = largely benefit from 成为最主要的受益人e.g. In respective of individuals, they are the major beneficiaries from doing their tasks at home in this age of the computer technologyBe conducive/ helpful/ beneficial/instrumental to 有
42、利于,对 起作用= be advantageous to= be of advantge to = to the advantage ofe.g. be instrumental in bring about an end to the conflict.An environment conducvie to learning Be given sufficient/greater autonomy in doing 给予足够的/ 更大的自主权e.g. students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses th
43、ey take as the case may beBe in the best interest of 符合利益e.g. Even though most citizens are conscious that recycling garbage can fully utilise natural resources in the best interest of the whole society, they are still reluctant to do so Become an indispensable part of 成为 不可分割的一部分e.g. car have becom
44、e an indispennsable part of our lives. Make use of = turn sth to good account = take advantage of sth 善用/利用机会e.g. People should put the media to good account.We should make better use of our resources. Break down/remove/cross/overcome the barriers 打破/ 消除/跨越/ 克服障碍e.g. they believe that sport can cros
45、s any barriers.他们相信体育可以跨越任何障碍。 Get rid of 摆脱,消除(不好的感觉,情况)= rid sb/sth/yourself of sb/sth 消除,解除= extricate sb/sth/yourself from sth (使)摆脱,脱离,解救,挣脱e.g. he had managed to extricate himself from most of this official duties. Alleviate the heavy burden of 减轻 重负e.g Staying at home for work and study can a
46、lleviate the heavy burden of transport and energy consumption. Serve a useful function of 起到有用的功能= Perform the function of 履行的功能= Fulfilll a valuable function in 实现一种有价值的功能= Serve the purpose of 起到 的目的= Fulfill an educational purpose 实现一种教育目的e.g. It is sometimes claimed that zoo perform an improtant
47、 function in the protection of endangered or rare speciese.g Apart from serving the practical function of giving people a comfortable shelter, a good building should also fulfill an aesthestic purpsoe by inviting the residents to appreciate its beauty both inside and outside. e.g. Visiting museum is
48、 not only an enjoyable experience for young children, but it also fulfills an important edcuational purpose by exposing them to a rich deposit of history, culture and tradition. Be/get accustomed to doing/sth 习惯于= be/get used to doing/sthe.g. Students should not get accustomed to relying on others help. Adapt yourself to sth/ doing 适应( 新环境)= adjust oneself to sth/ doinge.g. students should adjust themselves to current fierce competition Serve/ satisfy/ cater
