1、状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或句子。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句 8、 让步状语从句 9、 比较状语从句种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明whenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when 指的是“某一
2、具体的时间” 。whenever 指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间” 。比较并列连词whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。when 意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。Al
3、l of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而：并列连词)while 指“在某一段时间里” ，“在期间” ， while 引导的动作必须是持续性的。asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as（一边.一边）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；随着。beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再
4、做先生。I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。before 译为 “在之前, 才, 就”after He arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。时间状语从句till untilWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到 11 点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，
5、直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止” ；如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式，表示“直 才” “在 以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用 untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。主句动词应为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon ashardlywhenno soonerthanthe moment,the instant,the second,immedi
6、ately,directly,instantlyAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
7、我们刚开始就被叫停。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快hardlywhen 和 no soonerthan 的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或no sooner 位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。every time,each timelast timenext timeby the time, Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。Next time y
8、ou come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。地点状语从句wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you want to.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。wh
9、ere 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since 表示既然或全已知的理由 ,稍 加 分 析 即可表明的原因,多放句首原因状语从句as比较：并列连词 forAs he didnt know much English, he l
10、ooked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.昨天一定下过雨，从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。for 连接的是并列句。地还湿呢。now that, seeing that，considering that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing
11、 (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。considering that, seeing (that), now that 和 since 意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省去。目的状语从句so thatin order thatlest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth
12、 so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往
13、放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。注意 so that 和 in order that与 so as to 和 in order to 的转换。,so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，结果大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词，但是 何时接名词 ？结果状语从句 suchthatHe
14、 gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。suchthat 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat 还可以转换用 sothat，语气较强条件状ifunlessDifficulties
15、are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，否则我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和 ifnot 同义，unless 是书面语，ifnot 是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去语从句as/so long asin caseso/as far asdoesnt
16、rain.So long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要努力，你就会成功。只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。将来时。方式状语从句asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you yesterday.按照我昨天教你的画只猫。Do as you are told to.按
17、照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好像是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好像什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处 as 译为，按照或正如as if 或 as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。thoughalthoughAlthough (Though) he was over si
18、xty, (yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是” （but）但可以与 yet 或 still 连用。though / although 意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。even ifeven thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。ev
19、en if 和 even though 的意思为“即使” “纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。asChild as he is , he knows a lot .虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Try as you might, you cant catch me.尽管努力，你也抓不到我。as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。让
20、步 状 语从句 no matter (who, what when, where which, how)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter与 who-ever 引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
21、不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。whever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。wh ever 从句中的动词有时可以和 may 连用。判断wh ever 引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将 no matter 与
22、whever连用asasnot so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 asas 否定句可用not asas 或 not soasthanShe has made greater progre
23、ss this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。He runs less fast than me.他没有我跑得快。表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。比较状语从句the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也
24、越多。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。 the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个 the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。特殊形式的thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。Im sorry (that) I didnt have time to write you sooner.that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。I am afraid that I cant go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。
