1、2018 中考英语易错知识点专练：被动语态（含答案和解析）中考英语对被动语态的考查主要集中在三个方面：1. 各种时态的被动语态；2. 主动表被动的句型结构；3. 被动语态和系表结构的区别。今天的文章都会涉及到这些，好好学吧！1 易错知识点清单1. 主动结构表被动(1) open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive 等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可以用主动语态表被动意义。如:Mo Yans novels sell well.莫言的小说很好卖( 销路好)。(2) 表示感觉的连系动词如 feel,look,smell,sound,taste 等后跟
2、表语时,总是用其主动结构表达被动意义,它们不能用于被动语态。如:The table feels smooth.这张桌子摸起来很光滑。(3) 在 be worth doing 中,doing 表被动意义。The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。(4) want/need/require+doing 相当于 want/need/require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned.图书馆需要打扫了。2. 不用被动语态的情况(1) 当谓语是表示状态或特
3、征的及物动词时,不用被动语态。这样的及物动词有have,become,cost,reach,sell,arrive,fit,hold,own,suit 等。如:We have a good teacher.我们有一位好老师。The classroom holds 80 students.这间教室容纳 80 个学生。(2) 及物动词的宾语为反身代词、相互代词、非谓语动词、同源宾语时,都没有被动语态。如:The boy taught himself English.这男孩自学英语。We help each other.我们互相帮助。She likes to swim.她喜欢游泳。3. 被动语态与系
4、表结构的区别动词“be+ 过去分词” 这一结构既可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是:被动语态强调动作,系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断:(1) 从形式上来看,被动语态往往接 by 施动者,而系表结构往往有固定的搭配,如 be separated from,be covered with,be interested in,be surprised at,be satisfied with 等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.听到这个意外消息,我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)The house was surrou
5、nded by the police.这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)(2) 被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词,而系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone,fallen,risen 等不及物动词。如:My pen is gone.我的钢笔不见了。 (系表结构)The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。 (系表结构)2 提分策略1. 判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者在解答被动语态题时首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则该句为主动句;如果主语是动作的承受者,则该句为被动句。依据句子意思做出正确选择。【例 1】(2014 浙江宁波30) I heard that Line 1 o
6、f Ningbo Subway last month. A. was tested B. is tested C. tests D. tested【解析】考查被动语态的用法。由句意“我听说上个月宁波一号铁路线被检测了”判断,句子的主语是动作的承受着,应用被动语态,last month 是一般过去的时间状语,因此谓语动词应用一般过去时。故选 A。【答案】A【例 2】(2013 湖北孝感38)Many trees on the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D
7、. were planted【解析】考查被动语态的用法。根据“every year”得知用一般现在时态。主语是many trees,故用一般现在时态的被动语态,因此选 B。【答案】B 【例 3】(2013 湖南益阳30)The sports meeting next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held【解析】考查被动语态的用法。主语 the sports meeting 不能执行谓语动词 hold,是hold 的承受者,需用被动语态。next month 说明句子用一般将来时态,其被动结构为:will be held。
8、故选 C。【答案】C2. 正确判断时态被动语态离不开时态。考生要牢记各种时态,掌握被动语态的构成,不能混淆。依据句子中的时间状语或上下文暗示,分析判断句子时态。【例 1】(2014 江苏南京13)Were sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future. A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved【解析】考查动词时态和语态的用法。句意:我们相信我们城市的环境在不久的将来通过我们的工作将被大大改善。
9、 ”由句中的 in the near future 判断,该句要用一般将来时的被动语态形式,所以选 D。【答案】D【例 2】(2013 江西35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book _into French as soon as it came out. A. was translated B. translatedC. is translated D. translates【解析】 考查被动语态 根据题干 his new book 和 translate 的关系,应该选择被动语态,又根据时间状语从句
10、as soon as it came out 是一般过去时态,可知“ 被翻译”也是一般过去时态。故选 A。【答案】A 【例 3】(2013 浙江宁波35) Have you finished your project?Not yet. Ill finish it if I ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:如果再给我十分钟我会完成它。主语与动词give 之间是被动关系 ,在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选 B。【答案】B3 专项训练1. ( 2014深圳
11、18) Its reported that some capsules(胶囊)are really bad our health. Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible.A. to;is solved B. for;has solved C. to;was solved D. for;will be solved2. ( 2014广东模拟 43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!
12、 A. have been planted;wha tB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014浙江模拟二 21) Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times. A. teaches B. is taught C. has been taught D. taught4. (2013陕西 )The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday. A. i
13、s taken B. was taken C. takes D. took5. (2013河北 )Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. (2013重庆 )I to take part in the English speech contest last week. A. ask B. asked C. am asked D. was asked7. (2013湖南岳阳 )May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,it by m
14、y sister just now. A. was broken B. is broken C. broke8. (2013江苏南京 )Im glad to find that many trees in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted9. (2013安徽 )Do you have any problems if you this job? Well,Im thinking about the working day.A. offer B. will offerC. are offer
15、ed D. will be offered【答案与解析】1. D 解析：考查一般将来时态被动语态的用法。故选 D。 “be bad for. (对有害)” 是固定搭配,所以排除 A、C 两项。因为应答句后面一句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态。由“as soon as possible(尽快)”判断,应该用一般将来时态。故选D。2. C 解析：考查一般过去时态被动语态的用法。句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态。由“last year(去年)”判断 ,要用一般过去时态;又因为后面一句是感叹句,形容词“beautiful”之前应该用 how 来引导。故选 C。3. C 解析：考
16、查现在完成时态被动语态的用法。应答句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词应该用被动语态,所以排除 A、D 两项。由“many times” 判断,动作已经完成。故选 C。4. B 解析：考查被动语态。主语为 the sick boy,和动词 take 之间为动宾关系,故要用被动语态。再由 yesterday 可知要用一般去过时的被动语态,故选 B。5. D 解析：考查被动语态。 句意为“酒后驾车在中国是不被允许的。 ”可知为否定的被动语态,故选 D。6. D 解析：考查被动语态。句意:上周,我被邀请参加英语演讲比赛。根据句意,应用被动语态;又因有时间状语 last week,应用过去时 ,故答案选 D。7. A 解析：被动语态的用法。根据句意可知是被动语态,又时间状语为 just now,故答案为 A。8. C 解析：考查被动语态的用法。由 last year 可推断用一般过去时。trees 和plant 为被动关系,因此,为一般过去时的被动语态。句意 :我很高兴地发现,我们的城市去年种了许多树。故选 C。9. C 解析：考查 if 引导的条件状语从句及被动语态。if 引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时表示将来;根据句意,此处应该用被动语态。故选 C。
