1、The Adverbial Clause,(状语从句),一,什么是状语从句,状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.,二,状语从句的分类,时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，方式，结果，比较,一 时间状语从句, when / whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。,when指的是“某一具体的时间”。 whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的
2、时间”。,2 when / while/ as,When 既可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间; while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的; as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边一边”,When he returned, his wife was cooking. While he was reading, his wife was cooking. As he was reading, he was listening to the radio.,注意:,when / while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when表示 “就在这时”和 “was doin
3、g”, “had just done”和 “was about to do”连用;while则表示转折“然而”,I was walking in the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，就在这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards.,3 “一就”,As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.,upon(on)+V-ing
4、 /n. at+n. The crying boy smiled at the sight of his mother. on arriving (leaving, returning) 2.immediately +句子 3.the +时间名词(minute/moment )+句子,hardlywhen no soonerthan,我刚一到家，就下雨了。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home tha
5、n it began to rain.,4 before It will be +一段时间+before从句(does) 要过才能做 It will not be +一段时间+before从句 要不了 就能做 It was +一段时间+before从句(did) 过了做了 It was not+一段时间+before从句(did) 没过做了,5 since,It is/ has been +一段时间since 从句(did),It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking)自从我不抽烟已有10年了.,延续性动词
6、:反过来翻译,短暂性动词:直译,6 till /until(在句首、与not无间隔连用及在强调句中只用until) We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。 She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11点钟才停止工作。 如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到才”,not until 句型,与强调句型结合 I didnt go to sleep until he came back.与倒装句式结合,It was not until h
7、e came back that I went to sleep.,Not until he came back did I go to sleep.,三 原因状语从句,because / since,because表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对 “why”的提问; since=now that, 表示很明显的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首;,Eg: It was because his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy.Since everyone knows it, I will not say anything.,for
8、不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。,The day breaks, for the birds are singing.,四 条件状语从句,1, 连接词：,if , unless( ifnot), so/as long as,2, 注意点：,分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,If I were you, I would ask the police for help.,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事 实相反的条件和结果。 1) 与现在事实相反： If 从句 ,
9、主句 +V原 2)与过去事实相反： If 从句had Ved ,主句 +have Ved 3)与将来事实相反： If 从句 , 主句 +V原,were V-ed,should (would could, might),should (would could, might),did should were to,should (would could, might),1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 eg.If I were you ,I would go at once. 我是你的话，我会马上走。 eg.If my brother were here, everything would be
10、 all right. 要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。,2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果 eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。 eg.If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。,3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果 eg.
11、If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。,五 目的状语从句,so that/ in order that引导目的状语 从句,常用情态动词may (might)/ can (could) /should 等连用.I raised my
12、 voice so that everyone could hear me.,六 结果状语从句,so that/sothat/suchthat I raised my voice, so that everyone heard me. He was so excited that he couldnt say a word. She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.,sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词;such 在主句中修饰名词,Draw a cat as I taught you . 按照我教你的画
13、一只猫。 Do as you are told. 按照人家告诉你做的去做。,七 方式状语从句,as，按照或正如,They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。,as if/as though好象,似乎,八 让步状语从句,though/although不能与but连用, 但可与yet或still连用 Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. even if/even though“即使,纵使”有退
14、一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。,Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。,no matter +疑问词 /wheveras 倒装句Child as he is , he knows a lot .尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。,Do it no matter what others say. No matter how busy he was, he studie
15、d English every day.,as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。,九 比 较 状 语 从 句,asas not so as the same as suchas than,His book is the same as mine. 他的书和我的一样。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter . 享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。,倍数表达法,他们的房子是我们的两倍.,Their room is twice bigger than ours.,Their room is twice as big as ours.,Their room is twice the size of ours.,Length /height/weight/ width,
