英国议会制辩论常用语.ppt

1、The Structural Discourse of English Debate Outline for Beginners,1. Greetings ladies and gentlemen, Mr./Madam Speaker and members of the houseRefutation (except PM and OW) (1) Before moving to my arguments /constructive part, let me refute back to the Government / Opposition side. I have rebuttal(s)

2、/refutation(s) against the previous speaker(s)/,(2) First/second/, they said . But, it is/they are not (always) true/important/relevant to/opposite to/opposed to What you/they said is not (at all) What you said is the opposite. It is actually our point. They/You are liars/a liar!That/It is because (

3、e.g. their argument is based on wrong assumption/analysis/misunderstanding) Alternative plan: “There is a better plan to solve the problem”,Explaining pointsOk/Well, here is/are/come(s) our/my arguments/points/substantive matters/constructive part. Sign post (i.e. “sign post”, or simple key phrases

4、that summarize the point.)Our first/second/ point is Summary in one sentence It means that / On this point, I will explain that . Reasoning (explanation on how one situation occurs, focusing on “cause and effect”) Let me explain how this will happen. First, Then, . / Under the status quo, . After th

5、e plan adoption, As a result Examples and Illustration For example, . /Lets think about the case of . Ladies and gentlemen, please imagine what (would happen) if , Significance/analysis/Relevancy to the stance, team line, or what you want to prove why this is important? That/It is because . This poi

6、nt is important if we think about the nature/role/first priority of What is the nature/ role/top priority of ?Conclusion (1) about 30 seconds to summarize your speech. In summary, let me summarize my speech/what I have told you First/second/third argument/point (first six speakers) (2) The first six

7、 speakers: For all these reasons, I am/we are very proud to propose/oppose. So/Because of these reasons, we strongly believe/insist (that). Whip: For all these reasons, the government side has won this round. Thats all (of my speech). Thank you/Thanks a lot/so much/very much.,Prime Minister1. Greeti

8、ngs2. Presenting the motion and case (1) Under/In the current/present situation/circumstances/These days/recently/Lately/In recent time/years, there are some problems that/in /controversy that/over /phenomena of /thatthere is a (controversial) problem that/in /controversy that/over /phenomenon of/th

9、at,(2) Today, we are going to debate on Today, we have the motion that Todays motion is that Today, our motion is that Today, the motion is that The issue behind the motion is that So, in this round, we are going to talk about how to solve the problem.(3) the main task of the Prime Minister However,

10、 this motion has some vague points (words)/is not clear. Therefore, I would like to define the motion. In this round, we will define the word A as B/limit X to Y/focus on the case in . Therefore, our proposal is that I will explain the policy of our proposal. First, . Second, We have some solutions

11、to our proposal. First, . Second, .,3. Showing the (government / opposition) “stance” (or “team line”) for the round. We will propose you that because Our team line/stance is that The government/opposition side strongly believes/insists that 4. Presenting your speech outline and team allocation. We

12、have points/arguments to support our proposal/develop. The first point is , the second point is , and the last point is . I will (mainly) explain/talk about . and my partner will (mainly) explain/talk about .5. Explaining points6.Conclusion,LO/DPM/DLO/MG/MO1. Greetings2.Refutation3. Explaining point

13、s4.Conclusion,GW/OW1. Greetings2. Showing the outline. So far, we have talked about In order to show why we have to win this round, I would compare both government and opposition sides arguments in terms of issues in this round. They are . I have questions to ask. They are . 3.Pointing out the failu

14、res of the other side. Before I/we move/go/moving/going (on) to the clashes, I would like to point out the crucial failure of the opposition side. That is .,4.Clashes The first/second/ clash is . The opposition side has said that . Still, we have pointed out (that) this is wrong because . On the oth

15、er hand, we have argued that because . Our argument was superior to their argument because . Then, let me go on to the next clash.5.Conclusion.,替换词：同义词，近义词，写作词汇与表达互换（雅思，托福）First/firstly/fist of all/first and foremost/at the (very) beginning Second/secondly/ Third/thirdly Then/Besides/Whats more/More

16、over/Furthermore/In addition/additionally Finally/at last/in the end/eventually/lastly/Last but not least The first point is , the second point is , and the last point is .Important/vital/significant/crucial solve/resolve/ address/deal with/work out/tackleSo/therefore/thus/in consequence/consequently/as a resultIn summary/to sum up/in conclusionSmall words: Ok/well/you know/I mean,