1、Chapter 5 第五章,Suspended-cable Structure 悬索结构,Suspended-cable Structure,5.1 Concept System 概念体系 5.1.1 Concept 概念,Suspended-cable structure is a type of spatial structure composed of a series of flexible tensioned cables which act as load-bearing members and are supported on the edge members or suppor
2、ting structures. 悬索结构：是以一系列受拉的索作为主要承重构件，这些索按一定的规律组成各种不同形式的体系，并悬挂在边缘构件或支承结构上而形成的一种空间结构。,The Akashi Kaikyo bridge in JapanThe worlds longest cable suspension bridge,Suspended-cable Structure,5.1.2 Development history and current situation 发展与现状,1953年 American Releigh GymnasiumThe first modern suspende
3、d-cable roof structures 雷利体育馆 世界上第一个现代悬索屋盖Prestressed saddle cable net structure 预应力鞍形索网结构,Suspended-cable Structure,北卡罗来纳州道顿竞技馆,1957年 Washington Dulles International Airport Single-layer suspended-cable system 华盛顿杜勒斯机场候机厅 单层悬索体系,Suspended-cable Structure,5.1.2 Development history and current situat
4、ion 发展与现状,1961年 北京工人体育馆（辐射式双层悬索体系）Beijing Workers Gymnasium (Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure) 1967年 浙江人民体育馆（双曲抛物面正交索网结构） Zhejiang peoples stadium (Hyperbolic paraboloid orthogonal cable net structure),Suspended-cable Structure,5.1.2 Development history and current situation 发展与现状,1964
5、年 日本代代木体育馆 劲性索结构体系Japans yoyogi gymnasium Rigid cable structure 1980年 莫斯科奥运会中心体育馆 劲性索结构体系 Moscow Olympic center stadium Rigid cable structure,Suspended-cable Structure,5.2 Characteristics and classification 特点与分类 5.2.1 Characteristics 特点,Suspended-cable Structure,Resists the external load with axial
6、 tensile load of the cable and the bending moment effect and shear force effect don not appear, so it can make full use of the strength of steel;悬索结构是通过索的轴向拉伸来抵抗外荷载的作用，结构中不出现弯矩和剪 力效应，因此其可充分利用钢材的强度；Have various forms and flexible layout, which can meet the demand of function and modelling of the buil
7、ding, hence it is one of the structural forms that architects are willing to adopt to.悬索结构形式多样，布置灵活，并能适应多种建筑平面，因此能够较好地满足建筑功能和造型需求，是建筑师乐于采用的结构形式之一；Light weight, can span large space economically自重轻，可较为经济地跨越很大的空间；,5.2 Characteristics and classification 特点与分类 5.2.1 Characteristics 特点,Suspended-cable St
8、ructure,The processing technology of connection nodes and anchorage system are very perfect, and the prestressed tension and control technology is also very mature, so the construction is convenient.目前悬索结构连接节点的加工技术和锚固系统已很完善，预应力张拉工艺 及控制技术也非常成熟，因此悬索结构施工也比较方便。The edge members bear more load, hence larg
9、er sections and more materials are needed. 悬索结构的边缘件或支承受力较大，往需要更大的截面、耗费多材料。,5.2.2 Classification 分类,Suspended-cable structure 悬索结构,Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构： One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure单向单层悬索结构 Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure双向单层悬索结构 Radiant singl
10、e-layer suspended-cable structure辐射式单层悬索结构,Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构: One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure单向双层悬索结构 Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure双向双层悬索结构 Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure辐射式双层悬索结构,Prestressed cable net structure 预应力索网结构: Net
11、work cable structure system composed of two groups of single-layer cable system with opposite curvature 同一曲面上两组曲率相反的单层悬索系统相交而成的网状悬索结构体系,Other types 其他类型结构： Rigid cable structure劲性悬索结构 Transverse stiffener single-layer cable structure横向加劲单层悬索结构 Prestressed cable-arch system预应力索拱体系 ,Suspended-cable St
12、ructure,Suspended-cable Structure,Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构：,One-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 单向单层悬索结构,Single layer suspended-cable structure 单层悬索结构：,Two-way single-layer suspended-cable structure 双向单层悬索结构,Suspended-cable Structure,Radiant single-layer suspended-cab
13、le structure 辐射式单层悬索结构,Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构:,Basic structure 基本构造,Suspended-cable Structure,One-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 单向单层悬索结构,Double layer suspended-cable structure 双层悬索结构:,Suspended-cable Structure,Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 双向双层悬索结
14、构,Two-way double-layer suspended-cable structure 双向双层悬索结构,Prestressed cable net structure 预应力索网结构:,Suspended-cable Structure,Other types 其他类型悬索结构：,Suspended-cable Structure,Rigid cable structure 劲性悬索结构,Transverse stiffener single-layer cable structure 横向加劲单层悬索结构,Other types 其他类型悬索结构：,Suspended-cable
15、 Structure,Prestressed cable-arch system 预应力索拱体系,Other types 其他类型悬索结构：,Suspended-cable Structure,Composite suspended-cable structures 组合悬索结构,Suspended structure 悬挂结构,5.3 The calculation and design 悬索结构的设计分析,Suspended-cable Structure,5.3.1 The calculation method 计算分析方法,Analytical method 解析法,Basic ass
16、umption 基本假定 Cable is ideal flexible, it can only sustain tension, is unable to bear pressure and bending moment索是理想柔性的，只能承受拉力，不能承受压力和弯矩 2. The mechanical properties of cable materials meet the hookes law索材料的力学特性满足虎克定律,Based on the mechanical analysis of the single cable, analytical expressions in w
17、hich the vertical displacement and internal force are unknown quantity are established using the coordinate conditions between each single cables, and then solution is made to obtain the exact solution based on the two hypotheses above. 从单根拉索的受力性能分析出发，利用各单索间的位移协调条件建立以竖向位移或内力为未知数的解析表达式，然后进行求解的结构分析方法，
18、是基于上述两种假设推导出的精确解。,Suspended-cable Structure,Analytical method 解析法,Suspended-cable Structure,A very effective method. Its basic idea is to discrete cable structure into several units, and then based on the small strain and big displacement state of suspended-cable structure, the equations of nonlinea
19、r finite element where the node displacement act as the basic unknown quantity are established using the geometric nonlinear theory. 非常有效的求解方法。它的基本思想是将悬索结构离散为若干单元，然后针对悬索结构的小应变大位移状态，应用几何非线性理论，建立节点位移为基本未知量的非线性有限元方程组。,The load of suspended-cable structures 悬索结构的荷载,5.3.2 The design method 设计方法,Finite el
20、ement method 有限元方法,The main loads that suspended-cable structure mainly sustain are permanently load, roof live load, snow load, wind load and temperature effect and earthquake action, etc. 悬索结构承受的荷载主要有恒荷载、屋面活荷载、雪荷载、风荷载以及温度作用和地震作用等。,Suspended-cable Structure,The design of steel cable 钢索设计,The steel
21、cable used in suspended-cable structure are mainly parallel wire strand, steel strand and steel wire rope, which are made up of high strength steel wire, and the round steel, profile steel, strip steel and other materials are also used. 用于悬索结构的钢索大多采用由高强钢丝组成的平行钢丝束、钢绞线或钢丝绳等。也可采用圆钢、型钢、带钢或钢板等材料。,Paralle
22、l wire strand 平行钢丝束,Suspended-cable Structure,Steel strand 钢绞线,Steel wire rope 钢丝绳,17,119,Suspended-cable Structure,The strength checking computation of steel cable 钢索强度验算,Bearing capacity of single cable section can be checked according to following equations 单索截面根据承载力按下式验算：,Suspended-cable Structu
23、re,5.4 The joint structure of suspended-cable structure悬索结构的节点构造,5.4.1 The connection among cables 钢索与钢索的连接,The u-shaped clip connection 形夹连接,Splint connection 夹板连接,Suspended-cable Structure,5.4.2 The cable connector 索的连接件,Extrusion screw 挤压螺杆,Extrusion connecting ring 挤压式连接环,Chill casting connectin
24、g ring 冷铸式连接环,Chill casting screw 冷铸螺杆,Suspended-cable Structure,5.4.3 The connection between cable and roof boarding 钢索与屋面板连接,Junction plate connection 连接板连接,Out of reinforced connection 伸出钢筋连接,Suspended-cable Structure,5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点,The connection between the cable and reinfor
25、ced concrete supporting structure 钢索与钢筋混凝土支撑结构连接,The connection between the cable and steel supporting structure 钢索与钢筋混凝土支撑结构连接,Suspended-cable Structure,5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点,The connection between the cable and flexible edge cable 钢索与柔性边索连接,The connection between single-layer cable sy
26、stem and the center ring-pull 单层索系与中心拉环的连接,Suspended-cable Structure,5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点,The connection between double-layer cable system and the center ring-pull 双层索系与中心拉环的连接,The connection between double-layer cable system and the center structure ring 双层索系与中心构造环的连接,Suspended-cable
27、Structure,5.4.4 Cable supporting node 钢索支承节点,The connection between cable and purline 钢索与檩条的连接,Suspended-cable Structure,5.5 The construction of suspended-cable structure悬索结构的施工,Suspended-cable structure is light-weight structure, and its construction is relatively simple. However, its construction
28、and the design of suspended-cable structure are closely intertwined. The construction steps must be considered in the design, particularly the steps of prestressing and roof laying. And the actual construction must be in accordance with the pre-determined steps, such as a slight change, it may cause
29、 the great change of the internal forces, and even lead to significant overloading of the supporting structure 悬索结构自重轻，施工较简单。但需要特别注意的一点是：悬索结构的施工与设计联系十分紧密。如前所述，设计时必须预先考虑施工的步骤， 尤其必须预先规定好施加预应力和铺设屋面的步骤。 实际施工时必须严格按照规定的步骤进行。,5.5.1 The production of cable 钢索的制作,The production of cable generally consists of
30、 procedures such as blanking, weaving beam, pre tensioning, and protection. 钢索的制作一般需经下料、编束、预张拉、及防护几个程序,Suspended-cable Structure,The allowable space deviation between the prestressed holes on the supporting members located on both the ends of the cable is L / 3000 (L refers to span), and is no more
31、than 20 mm钢索两端支承构件预应力孔的间距允许偏差为 L3000 (L 为跨距)，并不大 于20mm；Load-bearing cable should be arranged first and then the stable cable. The arrangement should be adjusted according to the design of the initial state of geometric surface and prestressed value adjustment, and the deviation should be controlled
32、within 10%;穿索时应先穿承重索，后穿稳定索，并根据设计的初始几何状态曲面和预应 力值进行调整，其偏差宜控制在 10以内；Roof components must be symmetrically installed.各种屋面构件必须对称地进行安装。,5.5.2 The installation of cable 钢索的安装,Suspended-cable Structure,5.5.3 The tension of cable 钢索的张拉,The jack should be calibrated before tensioning 千斤顶在张拉前应进行标定The cable sho
33、uld be tensioned symmetrically and in stages according to the design of the prestressed value.对索施加预应力时，应按设计提供的预应力值分阶段对称张拉。The commonly used tensioning methods in suspended-cable structure are: jack tension method, screw thread tension method, transverse tension method and electrothermal tension meth
34、od.悬索结构中较为常用的预张力施加方法有：千斤顶张拉法、丝扣旋张 法、横向张拉法和电热张拉法等。,Suspended-cable Structure,5.5.4 The corrosion prevention of cable 钢索防腐,Following corrosion prevention methods can be adopted according to service environment and specific construction conditions: 钢索的防腐应根据使用环境和具体施工条件选用以下方法：Fabric wrapped with butter 黄
35、油裹布。 Mutilayer plastic coating 多层塑料涂层，该涂层材料浸以玻璃加筋的丙烯树脂； Mutilayer liquid chloroprene rubber with oil paint on surface多层液体氯丁橡胶，并在表层覆以油漆； Fill liquid neoprene in the plastic tube 塑料套管内灌液体的氯丁橡胶； Use galvanized steel wire strand采用镀锌钢丝钢绞线。,Suspended-cable Structure,5.5.5 Engineering cases 工程实例,Beijing Wo
36、rkers Gymnasium 北京工人体育馆,indoor setting 内景,outdoor scene 外景,Structural system：Radiant double-layer suspended-cable structure,Suspended-cable Structure,5.5.5 Engineering cases 工程实例,Zhejiang peoples stadium 浙江人民体育馆,outdoor scene 外景,Structural system：hyperbolic paraboloid orthogonal cable net structure,
