1、GST 融合蛋白纯化-筛选表达株(英文)日期:2012-06-27 来源:互联网作者:青岚点击: 197 次相关专题 蛋白表达技术全攻略Purification of GST fusion proteins in E.coli GSTSugden lab,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research,University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical SchoolScreen of GST-Fusion Protein Expression(pGEX system by Amersham: for check clones for e
2、xpression of the desired fusion protein prior to large-scale purification)Pick several colonies of E.coli transformed with the pGEX recombinants into separate tubes containing 2 ml of 2 x YTA medium.-Note: For comparison,it is advisable to inoculate a control tube with bacteria transformed with the
3、parental pGEX plasmid.Grow liquid cultures to an A600 of 0.6-0.8 (35 h)with vigorous agitation at 2037.Incubate fusion protein expression by adding 2 l of 100 mM IPTG (final concentration 0.1 mM).Continue incubation for an additional 12 hTransfer 1.5 ml of the liquid cultures to labeled 1.5 ml micro
4、centrifuge tubes.Centrifuge in a microcentrifuge for 5 sec and discard the supernatant.Resuspend each pellet in 300 l of ice-cold 1 x PBS,remove 10 l of these resuspend cells into labeled tubes (for later use in SDS-PAGE analysis).-Note: Except where noted,keep all samples and tubes on ice.Lyse the
5、cells using the sonicator equipped with an appropriate probe.-Note: Lysis is complete when the cloudy cell suspension becomes translucent.The frequency and intensity of sonication should be adjusted such that complete lysis occurs in 10 sec,without frothing (it may denature proteins).-Note: Crude so
6、nicates can be screened for the relative level of expression of GSTfugion proteins using the GST substrates CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene).Centrifuge in a microcentrifuge for 5 min to remove insoluble materials.Save a10 l aliquots of the insoluble material for analysis by SDS-PAGE.Transfer the s
7、upernatants to fresh tubes,Add 20 l of a 50% slurry of Glutathione Sepharose 4B (prepared as described above)to each supernatant and mix gently for 5 min at r.tAdd 100 l of 1 x PBS,vortex briefly,and centrifuge for 5 sec to sediment the Sepharose beads.Discard the supernatant,repeat this 1 x PBS was
8、h twiceElute the fusion protein by adding 10 l of Glutathione Elution Buffer.Suspend the Sepharose beads and incubate for 5 min at r.t.Centrifuge in a microcentrifuge for 5 min to sediment the Sepharose beads,then transfer the supernatant to fresh tubes.*Glutathione elution buffer: 10 mM reduced glu
9、tathione in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0).Dispense in 1-10 ml aliquots and store at ?20 until needed.Avoid more than five freeze/thaw cycles.Preparation of Glutathione Sepharose 4B(for bulk matrix for batch purification)Gently shake the bottle of Glutathione Sepharose 4B to resuspend the matrix.Use a pipe
10、t to remove sufficient slurry for use and transfer to an appropriate container/tube.(Glutathione Sepharose 4B as supplies is approximately a 75% slurry.The following procedure results in a 50 % slurry; Based on the bed volume requirement,dispense 1.33 ml of the original Glutathione Sepharose 4B slur
11、ry per ml of bed volume required).Sediment the matrix by centrifugation at 500 xg for 5 min,carefully decant the supernatant.Wash the Glutathione Sepharose 4B by adding 10 mol of cold (4)1 x PBS per 1.33 ml of the originally slurry of Glutathione Sepharose 4B dispensed,Invert to mix.-Note: Glutathio
12、ne Sepharose 4B must be thoroughly washed with 1 x PBS to remove the 20% ethanol storage solution.Residual ethanol may interfere with subsequent procedures.Sediment the matrix by centrifugation at 500 x g for 5 min.Decant the supernatant.For each 1.33 ml of the original slurry of Glutathione Sepharo
13、se 4B,and 1 ml of 1 x PBS.This results in a 50% slurry.Mix well prior to subsequent pipetting steps.-Note: Glutathione Sepharose 4B equilibrated with 1 x PBS may be stored at 4 for up to 1 month.Bulk purification of protein expressed in E.coliPick several colonies of E.coli transformed with the pGEX
14、 recombinants into separate tubes containing 2 ml of 2 x YTA medium.Grow o/n at 2037.Add 2 ml culture into 100 ml 2 x YTA medium.Grow liquid cultures to an A600 of 0.6-0.8 (about 2 h)with vigorous agitation at 2037.Incubate fusion protein expression by adding 50 l of 100 mM IPTG (final concentration
15、 0.1 mM).Continue incubation for an additional 12 hTransfer the liquid cultures to 50 ml tubes.Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min at 4 and discard the supernatant.Resuspend each pellet in 5 ml of ice-cold 1 x PBS.Sonicate on ice with three to five brief (10 sec)pulse.Transfer to new microcentrifuge t
16、ubes (1 ml,each)and centrifuge for 10 min at 10000 rpm at 4 to remove insoluble materials.Transfer the supernatants to fresh tubes.Add 50 l of a 50% slurry of Glutathione Sepharose 4B to each supernatant and rock gently for 10 min at 4.Add 1 ml of 1 x PBS to each tube,vortex briefly,and centrifuge 1
17、0000 rpm at for 5 sec to sediment the Sepharose beads.Discard sup,repeat 1 x PBS wash twice.Elute the fusion protein by adding 100 l of Glutathione Elution Buffer.Suspend the Sepharose beads and incubate for 10 min at 4.Centrifuge in a microcentrifuge for 5 min to sediment the Sepharose beads,then t
18、ransfer the supernatant to fresh tubes.相关阅读 GST 融合蛋白表达与纯化的实验步骤与注意事项 GST 融合蛋白的表达与纯化的原理与操作步骤 GST 融合蛋白的准备 Preparation of GlutathioneGST 融合蛋白表达与纯化的实验步骤与注意事项日期:2012-06-27 来源:互联网作者:青岚点击: 159 次相关专题 蛋白表达技术全攻略GST 表达融合蛋白载体pGEX-KG大小:5006bp,氨苄青霉素抗性(Ampr),IPTG 诱导表达酶切位点:BamHI 930、SmaI 937、EcoRI 962、XbaI 966、NcoI
19、974、SalI 980、XhoI 985、SacI 992、HindIII 994GST 分子量:构建 pGEX-KG-YFG 重组质粒1、分析所感兴趣的基因(your favorite gene, YFG)Primer Premier 5.0 软件,分析 YFG 含有哪些酶切位点,注意是否与 pGEX-KG载体的多克隆位点有重合2、确定合适的双酶切位点NEB 网站() Double Digest Finder 软件,查找最佳双酶切组合(下表)NEB 双酶切图谱BamHIEcoRI NEBuffer EcoRI + BSA at 37C. BamHI may exhibit star act
20、ivity in this buffer.XbaI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37C.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may be necessary.NcoI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37C.SalI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37CXhoI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37C.XbaINEBuffer 4 + BSA at 25C with
21、SmaI, then add XbaI and raise temperature to 37C.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may be necessary.NcoINEBuffer 4 at 25C with SmaI, then add NcoI and raise temperature to 37C.XhoINEBuffer 4 + BSA at 25C with SmaI, then
22、add XhoI and raise temperature to 37C.SacINEBuffer 4 + BSA at 25C with SmaI, then add SacI and raise temperature to 37C.SmaIHindIIINEBuffer 4 at 25C with SmaI, then add HindIII and raise temperature to 37C.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or lon
23、ger incubation time may be necessary.NcoI NEBuffer EcoRI at 37C.SalI NEBuffer EcoRI + BSA at 37C.XhoI NEBuffer EcoRI + BSA at 37C.SacI NEBuffer 1 + BSA at 37C. EcoRI may exhibit star activity in this buffer.EcoRIHindIIINEBuffer EcoRI at 37C.XbaI NcoI NEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.SalI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at
24、37C.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may be necessary.XhoI NEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.SacI NEBuffer 4 + BSA at 37C.This buffer is not supplied with either enzyme.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so add
25、itional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may be necessary.HindIIINEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.SalI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37C.XhoI NEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.SacI NEBuffer 1 + BSA at 37C.NcoIHindIIINEBuffer 2 at 37C.SalI XhoI NEBuffer 3 + BSA at 37C.SacI NEBuffer 1 + BSA at 37C.At least one enzyme
26、 has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may be necessary.XhoIHindIIINEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.SacI HindIIINEBuffer 2 + BSA at 37C.At least one enzyme has 100% activity in this buffer, so additional units of enzyme and/or longer incubation time may
27、 be necessary.对照 YFG、载体多克隆位点,确定上、下游酶切位点3、设计 PCR 上、下游引物Primer Premier 5.0 软件,设计 PCR 上、下游引物酶切位点外最多含 6 个碱基3端不是 A,最好是 G 或 C,但是不推荐使用 GC 或 CG 结尾3端至少保证有 10 个碱基完全配对得分(Rating)大于 70注意上游引物:是否添加适当碱基,确保不打乱开放阅读框下游引物:添加终止密码子(UAA、UAG、UGA)4、引物合成及保存合成:上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司(Email:,Tel:81767586);纯化方法:柱层析 or 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳?;价格 1.
28、30/碱基保存:贮存浓度:100pmol/l(100M),工作浓度:10pmol/l(10M),-20C 保存5、PCR 扩增 YFG模板:质粒 10ng/l 稀释少量 -20C 保存引物:10pmol/l(10M) -20C 保存Taq 酶:NEB Quick-Load Taq 2Master Mix 扩增片段小于 2.0kb反应体系(配制时置于冰上)25l 反应体系 50l 反应体系模板 1l 2l上游引物 1l 2l下游引物 1l 2l2Master Mix 12.5l 25l去离子 H2O 9.5l 19l反应条件(1) 预变性 94C 5 min(2) 变性 94C 30 s(3)
29、退火 待定 30 s(4) 延伸 72C 待定(5) 重复 2-5 25-30 个循环(6) 补平缺口 72C 10 min(7) 暂存 10C注意退火温度:参考 4(G+C)+2(A+T)-4(互补碱基),参考 Ta Opt(Primer Premier 5.0)延伸时间:Taq 酶:1kb/min循环数小于 30,减少错配琼脂糖电泳检测 PCR 产物0.8%有效分离范围:100.8kb;1.0%有效分离浓度 70.5kb50ml TAE 加入 5l EB 母液(5mg/ml)100V,30-45min拍照或者紫外灯下切胶回收6、构建 pGEX-KG-YFG酶切:双酶切 PCR 产物、pGE
30、X-KG回收:PCR 产物直接回收、pGEX-KG 电泳之后切胶回收连接:pGEX-KG 50ng、插入片段 150ng转化铺平板:Ampr挑单克隆:Ampr(四个菌落足够了)鉴定:小提质粒酶切 or 菌体 PCR7、转化 BL21(DE3)pLysS 菌株检测 GST 融合蛋白的表达(1)冰上融化 BL21(DE3)pLysS 感受态细胞(天根)(2)2 ml 离心管中,加入 25l BL21+ 3l 质粒(300-500ng),混匀(质粒感受态 1/10)(3)冰上放置 30min(4)42C,90s(5)冰上放置 2-3min(6)加入 300l LB(无抗生素)(相当于菌体 10 倍体
31、积的 LB),37C,250rpm,1 h(7)4000rpm,2min,弃上清,其余混匀以后涂平板(Ampr),37C,过夜(16 h)(8)挑单克隆菌落,5ml LB(Ampr),37C,250rpm,过夜(16 h)()稀释 10 倍、20 倍、50 倍测定 OD600()选择合适的稀释倍数,5ml 菌液,37C,250 rpm,1 h,测定 OD600(7)取 100l 菌液加入 5ml LB(Ampr)(50 倍稀释),37C,250rpm,过夜(16 h)(8)取 500l 菌液加入 5ml LB(Ampr)(10 倍稀释)(其余菌液 4C 保存),测OD600(9)37C,250
32、 rpm,2 h(OD600:0.6-0.8),测 OD600(10)室温放置 20 min(摇床降温,30C)(11)取 100l 作为诱导前对照,冰上放置(12)菌液中加入 IPTG,终浓度 0.5-1 mM(13)30C,250 rpm,2 -4h(可做时间梯度),测 OD600(14)取 100l 作为诱导后对照,连同诱导前菌液,12000rpm,离心 2min,加入 50l 1SDS 上样缓冲液(15)取 4ml 菌液,12000rpm,离心 2min,收集到 2ml 离心管中(16)加入 1ml GST 裂解缓冲液重悬菌体(17)超声破碎细胞:超声 20s,间隔 10s,共 3-5
33、 次,超声强度 200-300W(冰浴)(18)超声后菌液换入一个新 1.5ml 离心管,4C,12000rpm,离心 5min(19)超声后上清:取 25l 上清,加入 25l 2SDS 上样缓冲液(其余上清-80C 保存)(20)超声后沉淀:沉淀加入 1ml GST 裂解缓冲液重悬,取 25l,加入 25l 2SDS 上样缓冲液(其余沉淀-80C 保存)(21)将四个样品煮沸 3min,12000rpm,离心 5min(22)8-10%SDS-PAGE,30l 上样,顺序:诱导前菌体、诱导后菌体、超声后上清、超声后沉淀(23)考马斯亮蓝染色注意(1)菌液 OD 值小于 1 即可(2)诱导时
34、间最好做一个梯度,2-6h(3)诱导温度适当摸索,24C、30C(4)IPTG 浓度可做梯度,1mM(5)超声条件可视实际情况改变,只要使细菌裂解充分即可,即菌液清亮不粘稠8、测序确认上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司(Tel:81767529)测序引物:pGEX-3 通用引物测序样品:过夜菌 1ml;质粒(浓度大于 50ng/l,10l)9、中提质粒(Promega)10、表达纯化 GST 融合蛋白(1)已经转化的菌液,或者重新转化 BL21(DE3)pLysS(2)活化:取 20l 菌液加入 11ml LB(Ampr)(500 倍稀释),37C,250rpm,过夜(16 h)(3)取 10m
35、l 菌液加入 100ml LB(Ampr)(10 倍稀释)(剩余菌液 4C 保存)(4)37C,250 rpm,1 h 10 min-1 h 20 min,OD600 0.6-0.8(OD600 小于 1.0即可)(5)取 1ml 菌液作为诱导前对照,冰上放置(6)加入 IPTG,终浓度 1 mM(7)30C,250rpm,诱导适当时间(预实验确定)(8)取 1ml 菌液作为诱导后对照,连同诱导前菌液,12000rpm,离心 2min,收集菌体,加入 100l 1SDS 上样缓冲液(9)其余菌液,分为两份,倒入 50ml 离心管,5000rpm,离心 20 min,收集细胞(10)每管加入 8
36、-10ml GST 裂解缓冲液重悬菌体,转移小烧杯中(无气泡)(11)超声破碎细胞:超声 3s,间隔 10s,40 次左右,超声强度 200-300W(冰浴)(12)将超声后菌液转移到 50ml 离心管中,4C,13000rpm,离心 20-30min(13)将上清转移到 1 个 50ml 离心管中,取出 50l,加入 50l 2SDS 上样缓冲液(其余上清-80C 保存)(14)将沉淀加入 16-20ml GST 裂解缓冲液(或 PBS)重悬,取出 50l,加入50l 2SDS 上样缓冲液(其余沉淀-80C 保存)(15)将四个样品煮沸 3min,12000rpm,离心 5min(16)8-
37、10%SDS-PAGE 检测诱导、超声是否合适,30l 上样,顺序:诱导前菌体、诱导后菌体、超声后上清、超声后沉淀(17)考马斯亮蓝染色(18)混匀 glutathione sepharose beads(4B)(mixed slurry),取 200l 加入15ml 离心管中(2 份)(19)加入 10ml PBS,混匀,3000rpm,离心 3min,弃上清(20)加入超声后上清液,4C 轻柔摇荡 60 分钟(或过夜)(横放)(21)4C,3000rpm,离心 3min(22)10ml GST 裂解缓冲液洗涤 2 次(冰上)(23)10ml TBS(含 5mM MgCl2、1mM DTT)
38、洗涤 2 次(冰上)(24)弃上清,加入 1 倍柱床体积的 TBS(含 5mM MgCl2、1mM DTT、50%甘油),混匀(25)取悬液测定蛋白浓度或 SDS-PAGE(26)-20C 保存 beads11、GST-Pull-down(1)10cm 培养皿中,未处理的细胞或者转染的细胞(3-5g 质粒转染 10cm 培养皿,Cos-7、293T 或者其他细胞,转染 24h)(2)加入 1ml 细胞裂解缓冲液,细胞铲刮下细胞(冰上)(3)将裂解液收集到 1.5ml 离心管中,振荡 30s,冰上放置 5min,重复 2-3 次,充分裂解细胞(4)4C,12000rpm,离心 15min,收集上
39、清(5)测定蛋白浓度,取 1mg 总蛋白做 GST-Pull-down?(6)留 30l 作为 input 对照(input 与 Pull-down 蛋白量约为 1/10)(7)其余溶液,加入 20l glutathione sepharose beads(PBS 洗涤过),4C,轻柔振荡 20min(8)12000rpm,离心 3min(9)收集上清,分为两份,一份加入 1-15g GST 结合的 beads,另一份加入等量 GST-融合蛋白结合的 beads,4C,轻柔振荡 60min(10)3000rpm,离心 3min,回收上清(11)1ml 细胞裂解缓冲液洗涤 3 次(12)弃尽上清
40、,加入 25l 2SDS 上样缓冲液(13)煮沸 3min,12000rpm,离心 3min(14)SDS-PAGE,上样顺序:细胞裂解液 input、x、GST、x、GST-融合蛋白(x:LSB)(15)考马斯亮蓝染色或免疫印迹附录GST 裂解缓冲液(前四个组分配好之后 4C 保存,DTT 和蛋白酶抑制剂现用现加)配方一500ml 贮存液 10ml 工作液150mM NaCl 15 ml 5M NaCl20mM HEPES pH7.5 20ml 0.5M Hepes pH7.55mM MgCl2 10ml 1M MgCl21% TritonX-100 5ml 100% Triton-X 10
41、010ml 贮存液1mM DTT 10l 1M DTT1mM PMSF 34l 0.3M PMSFinhibitor cocktail 10l inhibitor cocktail配方二500ml 贮存液 10ml 工作液200mM NaCl25mM HEPES pH7.5 10ml 贮存液2mM DTT 20l 1M DTT1mM PMSF 10l 1M PMSFinhibitor cocktail 10l inhibitor cocktailTBS(含 5mM MgCl2、1mM DTT)500ml 贮存液150mM NaCl 15ml 5M NaCl20mM Tris pH7.6 10m
42、l 1M Tris pH7.65mM MgCl2 0.5M MgCl21mM DTT 1M DTT常用 IP 细胞裂解液500ml 贮存液 10ml 工作液50mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5 25ml 1M Tris-HCl, pH7.5150mM NaCl 15ml 5M NaCl2mM EDTA 2ml 0.5M EDTA0.5% NP40 25ml 10% NP400.5% Triton X-100 25ml 10% Triton X-1000.5mM DTT 2.5ml 1M DTT1mM PMSF 100l 100mM PMSF1mM NaF 1ml 0.5M NaF 20l
43、0.5M NaFcomplete protease inhibitorscleared lysates were incubated for 1.5 h with 3 g immobilized GST or GST-32GST 融合蛋白的表达与纯化的原理与操作步骤日期:2012-06-27 来源:互联网作者:青岚点击: 239 次相关专题 蛋白表达技术全攻略GST 融合蛋白的表达与纯化原理GST 纯化系统是利用 GST (glutathione-S-transferase )融合蛋白与固定的谷胱甘肽(GSH)通过硫键共价亲和,通过 GSH 交换洗脱的原理来进行纯化 。1ml 树脂大约可结合
44、5-8 mg 融合蛋白,并可反复使用数次。试剂 u IPTG(异丙基硫代-D-半乳糖苷) 2g IPTG 溶解入 10ml 水,过滤除菌,分装,-20保存。u Lysis buffer (50ml)1)2.5ml 1 M Tris,pH8.0 2)0.1ml 0.5ml EDTA 3)0.292g NaCl4)0.5ml Triton X-100 5)0.25ml 1M DTT u Elution buffer 1)0.615g glutathione 2)10 ml 1M Tris,pH8.0 3)90ml distilled water .GST 融合蛋白的表达与纯化操作步骤1)挑一个克隆
45、至 2ml LB 液中(Amp+ )2)37振摇至 OD600 值约为 0.63)将 2ml 菌液加入 100 ml LB 中4)37振摇至 OD600 值约为 0.65)加入 IPTG 至终浓度为 1mM6)继续摇 34h7)离心(5000 rpm,5min,4)8)用 10柱体积的 lysis buffer 悬浮细菌9)超声破碎细胞10)离心(12,000rpm,15min,4),取上清11)用滤纸过滤12)加 0.5 ml 50%谷胱甘肽琼脂糖 beads 于层析柱13)5柱体积的 lysis buffer 洗层析柱14)样品过柱15)5柱体积的 lysis buffer 洗层析柱16)
46、3柱体积的 elution buffer 洗脱蛋白17)收集蛋白:0.5ml/管 18)取 20ml 样品 SDS-PAGE 鉴定可以在 buffer 里增加点蛋白酶抑制剂,防止蛋白的降解。Ecoli 原核表达的实验原理/材料/实验方法日期:2012-06-27 来源:互联网作者:青岚点击: 226 次相关专题 蛋白表达技术全攻略一、原理1、E .coli 表达系统E .coli 是重要的原核表达体系。在重组基因转化入 E .coli 菌株以后,通过温度的控制,诱导其在宿主菌内表达目的蛋白质,将表达样品进行 SDS-PAGE 以检测表达蛋白质。2、外源基因的诱导表达提高外源基因表达水平的基本手
47、段之一,就是将宿主菌的生长与外源基因的表达分成两个阶段,以减轻宿主菌的负荷。常用的有温度诱导和药物诱导。本实验采用异丙基硫代-D-半乳糖昔(IPTG)诱导外源基因表达。不同的表达质粒表达方法并不完全相同,因启动子不同,诱导表达要根据具体情况而定。二、材料1、诱导表达材料(1 )LB (LuriaBertani)培养基酵母膏 (Yeast extract)5g 蛋白胨 (Peptone)10gNaCl10g 琼脂 (Agar)1-2%蒸馏水 (Distilled water)1000ml pH 7.0适用范围:大肠杆菌(2 )IPTG 贮备液:2 g IPTG 溶于 10 ml 蒸馏水中,0 .
48、22 m 滤膜过滤除菌,分装成 1 ml /份,-20 保存。(3 )l 凝胶电泳加样缓冲液:50 mmol / L Tris -CI (pH 6 .8 )50 mmol / L DTT2 % SDS (电泳级)0.1 % 溴酚蓝10 % 甘油2、大肠杆菌包涵体的分离与蛋白纯化材料1 )酶溶法(1)裂解缓冲液:50 mmol / L Tris-CI (pH 8 .0 )1 mmol / L EDTA100 mmol / LNaCI(2)50 mmol / L 苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF )。(3)10 mg / ml 溶菌酶。(4)脱氧胆酸。(5)1 mg / ml DNase I。2 )超声破碎
49、法(1 )TE 缓冲液。(2 )2SDS -PAGE 凝胶电泳加样缓冲液:100 mmol / L Tris-HCI (pH 8 .0 )100 mmol / L DTT4 %SDS0.2 % 溴酚蓝20 % 甘油三、实验方案1、外源基因的诱导表达(1 )用适当的限制性内切核酸酶消化载体 DNA 和目的基因。(2 )按连接步骤连接目的基因和载体,并转化到相应的宿主菌。(3 )筛选出含重组子的转化菌落,提取质粒 DNA 作限制性内切核酸酶图谱,DNA 序列测定,确定无误后进行下一步。(4 )如果表达载体的原核启动子为 PL 启动子,则在 30 -32 培养数小时,使培养液的 OD600 达 0.4-0.6 ,迅速使温度升至 42 继续培养 3 -5h ;如果表达载体的原核启动子为 tac 等,则 37 培养细菌数小时