1、情态动词+have+done适用学科 英语 适用年级 高一适用区域 全国 课时时长(分钟) 1 课时 /60 分钟知识点 情态动词+have+done教学目标 知识:情态动词+have+done方法:简明扼要的讲解,并配套经典习题的练习能力:提升情态动词+have+done 的使用熟练程度教学重点 情态动词+have+done教学难点 如何正确使用 情态动词+have+done教学过程一、 课堂导入先给学生一些比较简单的单选题或其他题型,让学生们自己思考,给出解答,让学生们先形成一种讨论的气氛,养成独立思考的习惯。二、复习预习讲解上节课布置的作业与练习,以达到复习上节课知识点的目的;3、知识讲
2、解知识点 1:情态动词+have+done1【考查点】“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事 ”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。2【考查点】“cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Bei
3、jing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。3【考查点】“can+have+done ”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. W
4、here can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?4“【考查点】could+have+done ”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。5【考查点】“may+have+done ”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是 “可能已经 ”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George?I dont know. He may have got lost.乔治
5、发生了什么事?我不知道,他可能迷路了。6【考查点】“might+have+done ”表示对过去事情的推测, might 与 may 意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。7 【考查点】“would+hav
6、e+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是 “本来会做”。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。9 【 考查点】“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含
7、意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。10【考查点】 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sun
8、day. 我理应上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。10【考查点】 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。1.I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the
9、train.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。四、例题精析【例题 1】Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up. (04 广西卷)A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving【答案】A【解析】本题中的一个关键词 but 暗示了“Mr. White 按道理理应到了,而他没有到” 。故答案选A。【例题 2】As you worked late yesterday, you_ ha
10、ve come this morning. (06陕西卷)A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt【答案】D【解析】He neednt have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)” ,根据句意,答案应选 D。注意 He didnt need to come yesterday,意为“ 他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。【例题 3】I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere . (05北京春季)A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D.
11、 must have been dropped【答案】B【解析】本题应选 B。本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。【例题 4】 .I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05天津卷)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。五、课堂运用【基础】.We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the great
12、est march ever made in the past ten years. (06天津卷)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt 【答案】B【解析】我们可能不是伟大的探险家,但是我们做了过去十年来最伟大的游行。2、I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D 【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来,但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt k
13、now 表示了过去时间,因此前句是对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达,故选 D。3_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should【答案】A 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can 能够,可能;must 必须,一定;非得;shall 将要;should 应该;句意:我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用 can I?表示询问对方是否允许。如:Can I use your dictio
14、nary?我可以使用你的字典吗?故 A 正确。4Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【答案】D 【解析】should 应该,竟然;need 需要;must 必须,一定;非得,偏偏;can 能够,可能,有时会;句义:尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货,但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。根据句义可知 can 表示有时可能,有时会 ;故 D 正确。5【巩固】It is usually warm in my h
15、ometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A.must B.can C.should D.would【答案】B【解析】must 必然, 一定;can 可能;should 应该;would(过去)将, 总会。本题提供的语境是 “有时可能会” 。6、 Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. 7、Do you mean we_ bring anything with us? A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt【答案】D 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词意义辨
16、析。cant 不可能;不能;mustnt 禁止,千万不能;neednt 不必;不需要;句义:我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。你是指我们不必带任何东西了?根据句义可知前者已经准备了一切食物,所以后者不需要带任何东西。故 D 正确。7、 We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not Bneednt Ccant Dmustnt 【答案】B 【解析】may not 不可以,neednt 不需要,cant 不可能, mustnt 绝不可能 本句句意为:既然 Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭,所以我们就
17、不需要买这么多食物。【拔高】8 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. Could【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。Might 也许;would 会,过去常常做某事;should应该,竟然;could 能够;句意:让我难过的是,如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的 should 表示“ 竟然”。故 C 正确。9、Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _become the richest .A. shall B. must C. need D. might【答案】D 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词辨析。Shall 将要;must 必须,一定;need 需要;might 也许;句义:生活是无法预测的,甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句:Life is unpredictable。说明一切都有可能,所以使用 might 表示存在的可能性。故 D 正确。课程小结本节课的语法比较难,需要通过加强练习来达到巩固理解,同时理解这一章语法,也能更好地促进对下面一部分关系副词的理解。