1、,环烧培训材料Circular Sinter Training Programming,山东泰山钢铁集团 Shandong Taishan steel co.大连西姆五矿集团有限公司CIMM GROUP CO.,LTD,环烧培训材料 Circular Sinter Training,一、烧结工艺二、烧结原料三、配料四、混合与制粒五、烧结过程及影响 因素六、烧结机操作七、返矿的处理八、抽风系统除尘装 置,Sinter ProcessSinter Raw materialProportioningMixing and pelletizingSinter process and influencin
2、g factorsSinter machine operationReturning Ore Handle Exhaust fan system,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,1、烧结概念所谓烧结，即是将各种粉状含铁原料，配入一定数量的燃料和熔剂，均匀混合制粒，然后放到烧结设备上点火烧结。在燃料燃烧产生高温和一系列物理化学反应的作用下，混合料中部分易熔物质发生软化、熔化，产生一定数量的液相，并润湿其他未融化的矿石颗粒。当冷却后，液相将矿粉颗粒粘结成块，这个过程为烧结，所得的块矿叫烧结矿。,Sintering Concept:Under the high temperature gen
3、erated from fuel burning, and serial physical and chemical reaction, partial flux contained in the mixed material will be softened and melted, generating certain liquid, which will wet the other unfuzed ore particles. sAfter getting cooled, the ore particles will be lumped by liquid. This course is
4、called sintering, and the obtained lump is called sintered ore.,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,2、烧结工艺流程图 C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator桌面工艺图.doc,Process Drawing.doc,3、主要工艺特点a. 自动重量配料b. 强化制粒工艺c. 厚料层烧结d. 采用耐热振动筛整粒筛分,Main process characteristicsAutomatic weighing and proportioning Strengthened pelletizing
5、Thick material layer sintering Hot vibrating screen is adopted for size stabilization and screening,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,A、自动重量配料： 各种原料均自行组成闭环定量调节，再通过总定系统与逻辑控制系统，组成自动重量配料系统，特点是设备运行平稳、可靠，使烧结矿合格率、一级品率均有较大幅度提高，同时可减少每吨烧结矿燃料量，降低高炉焦比。,Automatic weighing and proportioning The raw material is adjusted in qua
6、ntitative closed circuit, by way of overall setting system and logic control system, composing automatic weighing proportioning system. The features is running steady, reliable, to improve the qualified rate of sintered ore and first grade ore greatly. Meanwhile, it can reduce the fuel consumption p
7、er ton of sintered ore, and BF coke ratio.,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,B、强化制粒工艺：生产实践证明，强化制粒烧结工艺有利于烧结机厚料层生产及操作，不仅提高烧结矿产量、质量，同时与外配燃料相结合，降低烧结矿FeO含量，降低燃料消耗1020%，烧结机利用系数提高515%。,Strengthened pelletizing:Strengthened pelletizing is adopted in this design. Proved by domestic and international production practice, s
8、trengthened pelletizing is good for thick material layer production and operation, which not only increase the output and quality of sintered ore, but also decrease FeO content with cooperation of proportioned fuel. The fuel consumption can be reduced by 1020%, the utilization ratio of sinter machin
9、e get increased by 515%.,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,C.厚料层烧结：由于烧结机密封的改善、强化制粒烧结及外配二次燃料工艺，都为厚料层烧结创造了有利条件。料层厚度可达550mm以上，厚料层烧结将降低燃耗及烧结矿中FeO含量,提高烧结矿强度。,Thick material layer sintering The conditions which are good for thick material layer sintering are, sealing improvement of sinter machine, strengthened pelletiz
10、ing and cooperated secondary fuel. The material thickness can reach above 550mm. Thick material layer sintering will reduce fuel consumption and FeO content in sintered ore, increase the strength of sintered ore.,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,D.采用耐热振动筛整粒筛分： 这种配置的优点有： 流程简单，布置紧凑，在一个厂房内即可完成全部烧结矿筛分作业；占地小，投资省，省人员；
11、烧结矿转运次数少，返矿量降低；检修方便。,Hot vibrating screen is adopted for size stabilization and screening:The advantages are simple flowchart, tight arrangement (the whole screening of sintered ore can be completed inside one workshop), taking up less land, saving cost and personnel. The transportation time is less
12、, so the returning ore volume gets lessened, convenient maintenance.,烧结工艺 Sinter Process,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,1.烧结使用的原料：含铁原料、辅助原料（熔剂）、固体燃料2.烧结使用原料的准备： 将各种物理化学特性不同的原料处理成烧结所需要的理化性能均一的烧结料的过程。,Raw material ： Iron material, auxiliary material (flux), solid fuel.The preparation of raw material: Prepar
13、ing kinds of raw material with different physical and chemical features as per sintering required physical and chemical features.,铁矿石的种类、性能及烧结特性铁是组成地壳的重要元素之一，占地壳中各种元素总重量的5%，铁矿石是在目前技术经济条件能合理利用，能够炼出铁的矿石。烧结使用的含铁原料有：精矿粉、富矿粉、常用的工业副产品。,Categoryperformance and sintering features of iron oreFe is one of mos
14、t important elements composed the earth crust, taking up 5% . Iron ore can be melted to be iron under the reasonable utilization of current technical and economic conditions. The Fe contained material used for sintering includes beneficiated ore, rich ore and usually used industrial byproducts.,烧结原料
15、 Sinter Raw Material,精矿粉是铁矿石经选矿处理后的产物。富矿粉是富矿石在开采、加工过程中产生的，粒度小于5mm或8mm。铁矿石按其含铁矿物性质可分为四种类型：磁铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿。,Beneficiated ore is the products after iron ore beneficiation. Rich ore is collected during mining and processing, grain size less than 5mm or 8mm.As per the components, iron ore can be divided
16、into magnetite ore, red iron ore, brown iron ore and siderite.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,磁铁矿：化学式：Fe3O4 (Fe2O3.FeO)，理论含铁量 72.4% （Fe2O3 69% FeO 31%）。 磁铁矿的晶体：多成八面体，呈块状或粒状，由于其组织致密坚硬，因此其还原性差。颜色：钢灰色、黑灰色.比重：4.95.2t/m3。 有磁性。,Magnetite oreFe3O4 (or Fe2O3FeO), theoretic Fe content is 72.4%, (Fe2O3 69% FeO 31%)
17、.Crystal: Appears lump and grainy, dense and rigid structure,so its reductivity is not good. Color: Steel grey and black grey color. Density: 4.9-5.2t/m3, with magnetism.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,磁铁矿的烧结特性：1）其结构致密，形状较规则，堆比重大，烧结料颗粒间有较大的接触面积，烧结时在液相较少的情况下烧结矿即可成型。烧结时温度不高，燃料用量少，得到熔化度适当、FeO含量较低、还原性和强度较好的烧结
18、矿。,Magnetic ore sintering charactoristic:Structure is dense, shape is regular, high density, contact area between particles is sufficient, which is easy for sintering under the case of less liquid. High temperature for sintering is not required, less consumption of fuel, proper melting, low FeO cont
19、ent, sintered ore with good reductivity and strength.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,2）烧损少3）软化、熔化温度低，易生成液相4）粘结性差，湿容性较小，不易造球。,Less burning loss Low temperature for softening, melting, easy to become liquid. Bad cohesiveness, not easy for pelletizing.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,赤铁矿：化学式 Fe2O3，理论含铁量70% （含氧 30%）
20、。赤铁矿晶体：多呈片状或板状，组织致密，分散性好。颜色：暗红。比重：4.85.3 t/m3，杂质较多。,Hematite :Fe2O3, theoretic TFe 70% (O 30%), Crystal: slice shape, plate shape, the structure is dense, good dispersivity, Color: dark red.Density: 4.8-5.3t/m3, with more impurities.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,赤铁矿的烧结特性（烧结性能与磁铁矿相近）1）成球性较好2）软化温度较高3）在较高温
21、度下才能与其它脉石作用生成低熔点物质。,Sintering feature: (similar as magnetite) (1) Good pelletizing(2) High softening temperature(3) Under high temperature, it can become low-melting point matter by reaction with other gangue.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,褐铁矿：化学式 mFe2O3 . nH2O 理论含铁量52.3%60%。 褐铁矿晶体：属斜方晶系，多呈葡萄状、肾状、钟乳状或块状，
22、是多孔状集合体。 颜色：黄褐色、暗褐色和黑色。 比重：3.04.2 t/m3。,Limonite:mFe2O3 . nH2O, theoretic TFe 52.360%Crystal: orthorhombic system, shape of grape, kidney, stalactitic, aggregate, lump, porous aggregate. Color: tawny, dun and black.Density is 3.04.2t/m3.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,褐铁矿的烧结性能：结构松散，堆比重小，孔隙率大，表面粗糙，含有大量的挥发物
23、，因此燃料用量大，液相有较大发展，烧损大，收缩较大。1）适当增加燃料用量；2）添加部分熔剂；3）适当增加返矿；4）进行烧结料预压；5）预热烧结料，提高料层。,Sintering features:Loose structure, low density, high porosity, rough surface, with heavy volatiles. Thereafter, it will consume lot of fuel, big burning loss, and contraction. Sintering feature: (1) Increasing fuel amoun
24、t properly(2) Add flux(3) Add returning ore properly(4) Prepress sintering material(5) Preheat sintering material, increase material layer,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,菱铁矿:化学式 FeCO3理论含铁量：48% （FeO62.1%.CO237.9）菱铁矿晶体：坚硬致密。颜色：黄褐色，比重：3.8 t/m3烧结性能：(与磁铁矿相同)烧结时，分解CO2气体，粒度应小于6mm。含有未烧好块矿，强度差。,SideriteFeCO3, theo
25、retic Fe content is 48% (FeO, 62.1%CO2, 37.9%)Crystal: rigid and denseColor: tawnyDensity is 3.8 t/m3Sintering feature: (similar as magnetite)During sintering, decompose CO2, grain size should be less than 6mm.With insufficient burnt bulk ore, bad strength.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,烧结常用的工业副产品常用的工业副产
26、品：高炉灰、轧钢皮、硫酸渣、钢渣等。高炉灰： 高炉灰通常含铁40%，含有较多的碳和碱性氧化物。高炉灰亲水性差，成球性不好，粒度较细，其烧结性能较差。,Industrial by-products mainly used: Byproducts commonly used for sintering includes BF dust, mill scale, sulfuric acid slag and steel slag.BF dust:Usually, Fe content in BF dust is 40%, with lot carbon and basic-oxide. The hy
27、drophilic of BF gas is bad, so pelletizing, fine grain size with bad sintering performance.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,炼钢炉尘： 转炉炉尘含铁在65%，粒度小于0.1mm，含水很高，成泥状。轧钢皮： 轧钢过程中钢锭表面氧化后脱落产生，占钢材的23%。含铁70%，从水柔站沉淀池中清理出来的细粉铁皮含铁量60%，含其它有害杂质少，但含有残存的润滑剂。,Dust from steel making:TFe from converter dust is 65%, grain size l
28、ess than 0.1mm, with heavy moisture, muddy. Mill scale:It comes from milling, falling off of oxidized ingot, which takes up 2-3% with Fe content is 70%. The cleaned scale fines Fe content is from settling pond of water softening station is 60%, with less harmful impurities and with residual lubrican
29、t.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,铁矿石的质量评价1含铁量（矿石品位）：铁矿石的含铁量越多越好。2脉石成份 铁矿中除铁矿物以外的物质都称为脉石，脉石中的CaO、MgO含量多，冶炼价值高；反之，SiO2、AI2O3含量高，脉石的冶炼价值下降。3有害元素（ S P Zn Pb As F）的含量 要低4铁矿石的还原性 指铁矿石中与铁混合的氧被还原剂夺取的能力。矿石的还原性与矿物的组成、结构致密程度、粒度及气孔率有关。磁铁矿难还原、赤铁矿较易还原，褐铁矿易还原，人造富矿的还原性比天然矿石好。,Quality evaluation of iron ore1. Fe content:
30、 More TFe will be better.2.Gangue: Except Fe inside iron ore, the other elements are called gangue.3.Harmful elements: S, P, Zn, Pb, As, F4. Reductivity of iron ore : Refers to the ability that oxide taken by reducer which mixed with Fe in iron ore. Its reductivity is depend on the components of ore
31、s,structure dense,size and proporsity.Magnetite ore is hard to be reductive,Hematite is easy,enriched ore is easier than natrual crystal.,轧钢皮,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,5矿石软化性 软化性是指矿石受热后开始变形温度和软化温度区间。软化温度是指矿石在一定荷重条件下，受热而开始变形的温度；软化区间是指从开始软化到软化终了的温度范围。对高炉冶炼讲，矿石软化温度高。软化区间窄，则矿石软化性能好。6矿石的强度要高，粒度均匀、小且粉末要少，气
32、孔度高，矿石易还原.7化学成分稳定性,5.Softness of ore Softness refers to the transform starting temperature after ore getting heated and softening temperature range. Softening temperature refers to the transform starting temperature after ore getting heated with due load. Softness range refers to the temperature ran
33、ge from softening start to end.6.Mechanical strength Should be high, and smooth sizes , less powder, high proporsity, then the reductivity of ore will be good.7.Steady of chemical performance,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,烧结常用的熔剂熔剂按其性质可分为：酸性熔剂，中性熔剂，碱性熔剂。烧结使用碱性熔剂有两个目的：其一，熔剂中的CaO和MgO与烧结料中铁的氧化物作用生成低熔点化合物；其二
34、，将高炉冶炼时添加的熔剂及高炉中部分化学反应移到烧结过程中进行。对熔剂的要求： 碱性氧化物含量要高； 酸性氧化物含量要低； 硫、磷等有害杂质要少； 粒度不宜过大。一般情况3mm的占85%以上。,Common Flux used in sintering As per the features, flux can be divided to acid flux, neutral flux and basic flux. There are two purposes for using basic flux, one is CaO and MgO in the flux react with ir
35、on oxide and generate the low-melting point compound. The other one is transferring partial chemical reaction and flux adding from BF process to sinter process. Requirements to flux High content of alkaline oxide Low content of acid oxide Less content of harmful impurities such as S and P Grain size
36、 should not be too big, usually the 3mm should more than 85%,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,烧结常用熔剂的种类和特性1.石灰石:（化学式CaCO3）理论含CaO 56% ， CO2 44%石灰石晶体：呈粗粒块状，性脆易破碎；比重：2.62.8 t/m3 堆比重1.21.6 t/m3；颜色：灰白色，青黑色。,Common Flux used in sintering Limestone(CaCO3, theoretic CaO is 56%, CO2 44%)Crystal: coarse-grained bulk
37、aggregate, fragile, specific gravity is 2.6-2.8t/m3, bulk density is 1.2-1.6t/m3, color of grey white and blue black.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,2.生石灰： （化学式CaO），是石灰石煅烧后产物（煅烧温度9001000 ）,反应式CaCO3 =CaO+CO2 消化放热，提高料温，所生成的消石灰吸水性强，粘性大，有利于造球，改善料层透气性。,Quick lime:CaO, is the products of limestone calcination (
38、calcining temperature 9001000)Reaction formula, CaCO3 CaO+CO2, theoretic content 100%, actually is 85%.The generated lime hydrate has good hydroscopicity, good stickness,would improve the pelletizing and ventilatioin property.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,3.消石灰（化学式Ca(OH)2），是生石灰加水消化后的熟石灰，化学反应式CaO+H2O=Ca(
39、OH)2+Q 消石灰吸水性强，粘性大，有利于造球，改善料层透气性。,Lime hydrate: Ca(OH)2, is slaked lime digested from adding water to quicklime. Reaction formula is CaO+H2OCa(OH)2. good hydroscopicity, good stickness, would improve the pelletizing and ventilatioin property.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,4.白云石（化学式Mg.Ca(CO3)2）理论含CaCO3 54
40、.2%（CaO 30.4%）MgCO3 47.9%(MgO 21.7%)白云石晶体：呈块状，较硬、难破碎 颜色：灰白色、浅黄色、玻璃光泽。,Dolomite: Mg.Ca (CO3)2, theoretic value CaCO3 54.2% (CaO 30.4%), MgCO3 47.9% (MgO 21.7%). Crystal: bulk, rigid, hard for crushingColor: grey white, light yellow, glassy luster.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,5.菱镁石（化学式MgCO3)理论含MgO47.6% ，
41、CO2 52.4%菱镁石晶体：属三方晶系 呈粒状。 颜色：白、黄、褐、微红等。,Magnesite:MgCO3, theoretic MgO 47.6%, CO2 52.4%. Crystal: three squareColor: white, yellow, brown and light red.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,熔剂对烧结矿产质量的影响：烧结时加入熔剂使烧结矿熔剂化。1.加消石灰：粒度细，分散度大，亲水性强，粘性，改善成球性，提高小球强度；干燥过程中产生分子结合力，热稳定性好；吸收CO2变成CaCO3；,Effect of flux to the si
42、ntered ore qualityAdd flux to the sintering material to make it flux.(1) Add limestone, generate compound with low melting point.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,Ca(OH)2颗粒细，更易生成熔点低，流动性好，易凝结的液相；氧化钙是碳素燃烧的催化剂。 2.加石灰石：生成低熔点的化合物。,(2) Add hydrated lime, fine grain size, big dispersity, good wettability, viscosity, improve pelletizing, increase the ball strength. During drying, molecular adhesion will be generated for good hot steady. Ca(OH)2 with fine grain, more easy to generate liquid of low melting point, good fluidity, and easy condensation. CaO is catalyzer for C burning.,烧结原料 Sinter Raw Material,
