1、新概念英语第三册 Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 知识讲解重点:1、本课书重点词汇、句型2、词汇辨析：get married 与 be married；invent、discover、find 与 create3、关于“倍数”的表达；too.to./so .that 的表达等难点：worth 的用法教学目标：1、能理解课文大意、掌握课文中重点词汇、句型2、能辨析相关近义词汇3、理解 worth 的用法、记住 worth 的用法误区教学过程：1、【生词、短语学习】double adj.两倍的 , 双重的manual adj.体力的 （= phy
2、sical adj.身体的, 物质的）manual work 体力工作=physical workmental work 脑力工作例句：体力工作和脑力工作都需要能量。有时脑力工作比体力劳动更消耗能量。collar n.衣领white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who do mental work）blue-collar adj 蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who do manual work ）get hot under the collar 怒气冲天例句：He got hot under the collar when he knew that t
3、hey laughed at him.当他知道他们嘲笑他的时候，他怒气冲天。sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to give up for good purpose）- sacrifice ones life for the country 为国家献身- sacrifice time 牺牲时间、贡献时间sacrifice n.牺牲 （- make many sacrifices）即学即用：伟大的人往往不在意为别人贡献一切。过去的牺牲使他赢得了别人的尊重。 privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）- sacrifice ones advanta
4、ge/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special right）- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事privileged a.荣幸的=honored- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.即学即用：能出席你的婚礼我感到很荣幸。公司要发展的好，就不能给任何人特权。你愿意义务地帮助穷人吗？dustman n.清洁工corporation n.公司=company industry 企业、工业overall
5、s n.工作服shower n.淋浴secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的confidential adj.机密的keep sth secret 保密- Its between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。- Ill keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately） - I was told about it in secret.in the secret 知道内情 - He was in the secret from the beginning即学即用：他那么有信
6、心，一定知道内情。在座的每个人务必保守这件事。虽然他们是师生，但私底下却是好朋友。 status n.地位（ = social position）statue n.雕像, 塑像（Lesson3）rise n.发生, 出现loss n.损失fellow n.伙伴 , 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的2、【课文讲解】1. These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people whowork in offices.people who do manual work = blue-c
7、ollar workerspeople who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who work in offices for more money（far 副词用来加强语气 = much）例句：高尚的（gracious）穷人比势利的夫人更值得让人尊重。2. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers for thesimple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie
8、 to go to work.refer to.as = regard.as 把.看作为- I always refer to him as bookworm（n.书呆子）for the simple reason = for 引导的原因状语从句 “出于这个原因”for the reason that（后加从句）多用于正式文体， because 多用于口语中。- He is referred to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.- He was sent to prison for h
9、e could not pay his debts.即学即用：努力奋斗的人更容易被视为成功者。（用定语从句表达）因为他脾气暴躁，所以他老婆跟他离婚了。（get divorced with sb）出于这个原因，他决定一览长城。3. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.human nature 人性such.that. （that 引导同位语从句 , 进一步
10、补充说明 such 的基本内涵）- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.= Such was his kindness that we will never forget him. （such 在句首要倒装）= He was so kind that we will never forget him.- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.（进一步说明是什么样的human nature）介词 for 表示一种目的be willing to
11、do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事例句：不愿意为别人牺牲时间的人往往很难取得成功。这就是他的精神，不管做什么事情都永不言弃。4. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked asa dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.give rise to =（lead to v.导致 , 通向）表示“导致、引起”的词汇还有：result i
12、n、cause - Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。 in the case of 就.来说, 关于, 就.而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就.说）- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。in case of（副词）万一 , 以防 （in case conj.万一）in
13、 case of +名词以防万一in case that+句子- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。who 引导定语从句即学即用：带上雨伞以防下雨。（用 that 引导从句）我们不得不小心谨慎以防意外事情的发生。条条大道通罗马。他永不屈服的精神使他战胜了病痛。5. When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife ab
14、out his job.too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.Sb is/are too+adj+to do sth=sb is /sre so+adj+that+从句 太了以至于不能It is too+adj+for sb to do sth 对某人来说太了以至于不能-He is too tired to walk any longer.他太累了，再也走不动了。=He is so tired that he couldnt walk any
15、longer.-It was too difficult for him to finish the task within 2 days, but he is able to do that easily now.在过去，对他来说在两天内完成任务太难了，但现在他能轻松地做到。marry 强调动作 - He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。get married 强调过程- Last year they got married.be married （to sb ） 强调状态- The old man has been married to his wife for 50
16、years.即学即用：他已经结婚五年了。你打算什么时候结婚呢？这部电影太感人了，以至于所有人都流泪了。对我们来说，在 1 小时内写 1 篇作文不是难事。6. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.simply 副词-用来修饰限定动词 told，“仅仅”-Jean Valjean was put into prison just for the reason that he had stolen a piece of bread.冉阿让被判入狱，仅仅是因为他偷了一块面包。7. Every morning, he left ho
17、me dressed in a smart black suit.dressed in a smart black suit 穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装dressed 分词作状语=wearing- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat. - He left home wearing a smart black suit. 即学即用：那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服去火车站。那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服。8. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.c
18、hanged into 换上、变为change back into 换回刹那间，天气由晴转阴。春天到了，树木又重新绿了起来。9. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.Before returning home = Before he returned homebefore 和动名词搭配, 相当于 before 引导的时间状语从句。如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语- After getting home, he had a good rest.- Bef
19、ore having dinner, he finished all his homework.take a shower 淋浴、洗澡=take a bath即学即用：Before getting dark, he got to the train station.（改正病句）在见到你之前，我已经听说你那天会去图书馆。10. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.Alfs wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she
20、 never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.she never will = she will never discover the secret在省略句式中, never 要放在助动词之前- “will you go to see her?”- “I will never to to see her“ = “No, I never will.“discover 发现辨析：invent-discover-find-createcreate 主要意思是“创造”， 即产生
21、新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可指创造出新的具体事物。invent 主要意思是“发明”，是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的。invention n.发明 inventor n. 发明家discover 主要意思是 “发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者find 主要意思是“发现，找到丢失的人或物”，或指“ 感到”。 即学即用: The idea that God _ the world is wrong. Thomas Edi
22、son _ the first small electric lamp. They never _ how to open this box. I was very surprised to _ you were in the bus. 11. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is wellworth the loss of money.half as much ashalf / a quarter / twice / three times + a
23、s.as. 表示倍数- I wont marry a man who is twice as old as me.- We got three times as many people as we expected.- This room is about three times as large as that one.是.的几倍：.as +形容词或副词原形+ as. 比.多几倍：.times +形容词或副词比较级+ than- This road is four times longer than that one. 这条路是那条路的 5 倍长。= This road is five ti
24、mes as long as that one.What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。well 副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词 worth即学即用：这本书是那本书的 3 倍厚。（用两种方法表达）他现在住在东莞，东莞是广州的三分之一大。invent 发明（过去不存在的事物）、编造、捏造discover 发现（本来就存在却不为人所知的）find 发现、得到、找到create 经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有。跟“倍数”有关的表达法还有：（1）“A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B “例句：
25、 A friend of mine was making twice the salary of college instructors during her first year in that company.我的一个朋友在那个公司工作的第一年挣的钱就已经是大学教师薪水的两倍了。（2）“The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B “ 例句：In tight turns and recovering from dives, the force it can pull is nine times that of gravity. 在急转弯和俯冲后
26、拉升时，他的拉力能达到重力的 9 倍。（3）表示增长的倍数比较关系可以用“动词 + by + 数词/百分比/ 倍数”来表达。例句：Ghanas population has been growing by 3.2 percent a year.加纳的人口一直在以每年 3.2%的速度增长。12. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him Mr. Bloggs, not Alf.from now on 从现在开始from then on 从那时开始3、【难点把握】worth（值得）的用法用法一：犯不上跟她生气
27、。误：Shes not worth to get angry with.正：Shes not worth getting angry with.析：(be) worth 后接动词时，该动词不能用不定式，而用动名词。注：这类结构在现代英语中也可改用形式主语 it，如上面的误句也可改为：It isnt worth getting angry with her. 再如：The film is worth seeing. / It is worth seeing the film.(这部电影值得看)。用法二：这本书很不错，值得再读一遍。误：The book is excellent.Its worth
28、 reading a second time.正：The book is excellent. Its worth being read a second time.析：(be) worth 后接动名词时，即使该动名词具有被动意味，也总是用主动形式。用法三：这个博物馆值得你去看看。误：You are worth visiting the museum. 正：It is worth your while visiting to visit the museum.析：如以上两例所析，worth 后接动词时要用动名词，但是注意这类结构有以下特点：句子主语通常就是其后动名词的逻辑宾语；若句子主语不是其
29、后动名词的逻辑宾语，那么其主语就应是形式主语 it。另外注意：与 worth 后接动词必须用动名词不一样， worth (ones) while 后接动词时可用动名词也可用不定式(且这类句型的主语通常是形式主语 it） 。用法四：这个计划很值得一试。误：The scheme is very worth a try.正：The scheme is well worth a try.析：要加强 worth 的语气，习惯上不用 very，而通常用 well。用法五：这台脑不值你付的那些钱。误：The computer is not value valuable what you paid.正：The
30、 computer is not worth what you paid. 析：value价值(是名词)，valuable有价值的(是形容词 )，两者均不能后接 what 从句。而 worth(值得的)后面可以加名词短语、带逻辑主语的动名词以及 what 从句。即学即用：长城值得游览。（用两种方法）他不值你为他说的那些话。西湖值得你去看看。（用两种方法）4、【课后作业】1、“倍数”练习将下列句子译成英语。 基础练习1. 他的手有孩子手的四倍大小。2. 他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小。3. 资费一般是固定电话的 2 到 4 倍。提高练习1. 这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。2. 铁的重量几乎是铝的
31、三倍。3. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。4. 通过玻璃传输的激光发射光可以传送高达标准电话线 25 万倍的数据。单词提示：玻璃 glass fiber、laser shooting 激光射线、电话线 telephone wire二、时态综合训练（ ）1.I like my new bike. It _ very well. A rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden （ ）2.Cotton _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels （ ）3.The world _.
32、Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change（ ）4.- Have you ever_ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? - Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to （ ）5.Im sorry youve missed the train, It_10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. ha
33、s been left （ ）6. - Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? - John _. A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is （ ）7.Mum? May I go out and play basketball?_ you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished （ ）8.Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? No,
34、I_ it for two years. A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought （ ）9.Will your mother_ you if you_ the English exam? Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with, dont pass B. be angry with, wont pass C. be angry to, dont pass D. be angry to, wont pass（ ）10.Listen! Some of the girls
35、 _ about Harry Potter . Lets join them! A.are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked （ ）11.Our teacher , Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught （ ）12.I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D.
36、see （ ）13. She will have a holiday as soon as she _ the work next week. A. finishes B. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish （ ）14.-Where is Mr Green now ? I havent seen him for a few days.-He _ to Hong Kong. A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone （ ）15. When she was 22 years old, her drea
37、m to be a teacher _. A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real （ ）16.-I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. -You mean if Sue comes youll come? A.will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited （ ）17.-Do you still have a headache, Billy? -No, its _. Im all right now, mum. A .dropped B
38、. run C. left D. gone （ ）18.-What are on show in the museum? -Some photos _ by African children. A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken（ ）19.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give （ ）20. You may go fishing
39、 if your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done （ ）21. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, every four years _so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held （ ）22A new cinema _here. They hope t
40、o finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built （ ）23The new suspension bridge _by the end of last month.A.has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed （ ）24Visitors _not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are
41、requesting D. are requested （ ）25. Were they good to you during your stay there? Sure ! I _ one of the family there. A. was treated as B. was treated like C. had been looked on like D. had been considered like 答案：一、“倍数”练习基础练习：1. His hands, four times as large, reached out slowly and held them as tho
42、ugh they were holding up two tiny birds. 2. Their house is about three times as big as ours.3. The fee is typically two to four times as much as for calls made over fixed lines.提高练习：1. This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one.2. Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum.3. T
43、he newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 4. Laser shooting light through glass fiber can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wire.2、时态综合训练1.A “ride“用作不及物动词，有一种用法，就是表示“（车、马等）骑起来感觉如何“ ，本题正是这个用法，所以，用另外三种形式都不合适。2. D 自然规律用一般现在时态。 3.B “Things never stay
44、 the same.“表明世界是运动的。所以应该说“世界在变“ 。用进行时。4.D 语境表明是“曾经去过“ ，ever 是“曾经“ 的意思。 5.A “10 minutes ago“决定用一般过去时。 6. 依上下文选用一般过去时态。 7.D yet 一般多与完成时态连用。 8.B for 引导表示一段时间的状语一般同完成时态连用，had 这里是“ 买“的意思，不用have bought，是因为 buy 是短暂动词，不同完成时态连用。 9.A be angry with 意思是“ 同-生气“；含条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是将来时，从句一般用现在时。 10.A “Listen!“表明动作正在进
45、行。 11.B the day before yesterday 是一般过去时态的标志。 12.A 副词 before 一般与完成时态连用。 13. A 含时间状语从句的复合句中，主句是将来时，从句用现在时。 14. D has gone 用于指“去某地了“（现在不在说话的地方）。 15. A come true 意思是“成为现实“。主从句动词时态应该一致。 16.D 根据上下文意思，邀请的人不是 Sue，“Sue“和“I“都是被邀请的对象，所以要用被动语态。 17.D 说“病好了，症状消失了“多用“be gone“ 。 18.C 根据句子结构，“Some photos“不是句子的主语，所以
46、A、B、D 三个用作谓语的动词不能用在这里。“taken“这里是“过去分词“ ，连同后面的词，一起作 “Some photos“的定语。 19.C 主语是“A talk“决定了动词用被动语态，next week 决定了要用将来时态。 20. A 主语是 work, 又依语言环境用现在时。 21.A.奥运会作主语应用被动语态，叙述一般事实要用一般现在时。 22 D 从后一分句 They hope to finish it next month 可知，电影院此刻正在建设中。故应选D。 23 B 句中有“by the end of+过去时间”结构，句子的谓语动词一般用过去完成时态。句子的主语是物，故应用被动语态。其正确答案为 B。 24 D 分析句子结构可知，本句的主语承受谓语动词所表示的动作，故本句应用被动语态。应选 D。 25A 谈话涉及的是过去的情况，故使用一般过去时。 treatas意为“把当作”。
